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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dispersal of wild and domestic masu salmon fry (Oncorhynchus masou) in an artificial channel (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 45 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The day and night pattern of upstream and downstream dispersal of masu salmon fry of wild and domestic origin was compared in artificial channels (45 m long), for two ages of planting: unfed alevins and eyed eggs. Early dispersal was important for the wild stock (48–50%) compared with the domestic one (16–36%). More wild fry moved downstream than upstream, and more domestic fry dispersed upstream. Upstream movement in wild and domestic fry was more active by day than by night, except for wild fry planted as eyed eggs, where upstream migration was higher at night. In contrast, downstream movement in wild and domestic fry was more common by night than by day, but daylight catches were not negligible for the wild stock.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1994.tb01289.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photodissociation of C–H and C–O bonds of p-methoxytoluene and p-methoxybenzyl alcohol in solution (1997)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 107 (1997), S. 9354-9360 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The photodissociation of p-methoxytoluene and p-methoxybenzyl alcohol at 266 nm in n-heptane solution is studied by nanosecond fluorescence and absorption spectroscopy. The formation of a p-methoxybenzyl radical is identified by its fluorescence which is induced by excitation at 308 nm. The yields of the radical are of the order of ∼10−3 for dissociation of p-methoxytoluene and p-methoxybenzyl alcohol. The growth rate of 1.5×108 s−1 for the radical is equal to the decay rate of (1.5±0.3)×108 s−1 for the precursor fluorescence in dissociation of p-methoxytoluene, whereas the growth rate of 〉1.0×109 s−1 for the radical is much faster than the decay rate of (1.8±0.3)×108 s−1 for the precursor fluorescence in dissociation of p-methoxybenzyl alcohol. The formation of the radical depends linearly on the photolysis pulse fluence for dissociation of p-methoxytoluene and p-methoxybenzyl alcohol. The data show existence of two distinct dissociation channels. p-Methoxytoluene dissociates from thermally equilibrated levels of the S1 state after vibrational relaxation, whereas p-methoxybenzyl alcohol dissociates from vibrationally excited levels of the S1 state in competition with vibrational relaxation. The difference of these channels is explained on a model of electronic coupling between the precursor and product states in the geometry where the C–H and C–O bonds are stretched in a plane perpendicular to the benzene rings. For p-methoxytoluene, the S1 state does not correlate adiabatically to the ground state of the C–H bond fission products, so intersystem crossing or internal conversion precedes dissociation. For p-methoxybenzyl alcohol, avoided crossing between the ππ* (benzene) configuration and the np(O)σ*(C–O) repulsive configuration results in the adiabatic potential-energy surface which evolves to the ground state of the C–O bond fission products allowing rapid dissociation. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.475232
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A mechanism of photodissociation of diphenylmethane to a diphenylmethyl radical in solution (1998)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 109 (1998), S. 1359-1365 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The photodissociation of diphenylmethane by excitation to the S1 state at 266 nm in n-heptane solution is studied by nanosecond fluorescence and absorption spectroscopy. The formation of the diphenylmethyl radical is identified by its fluorescence, which is induced by excitation at 308 nm, and by its absorption. The growth rate of (3.7±0.4)×107 s−1 for the radical is equal to the decay rate of (3.8±0.4)×107 s−1 for the precursor fluorescence. The quantum yield of the radical is of the order of ∼10−3. Neither dissociation to the radical nor intersystem crossing to the T1 state is thermally activated, whereas activated internal conversion to the S0 state is observed. The formation of the radical depends linearly on the photolysis pulse fluence. The data are consistent with a mechanism that the molecule undergoes intersystem crossing from thermally equilibrated levels of the S1 state to vibrationally excited levels of the T1 state at which it dissociates in competition with vibrational relaxation. The mechanism is explained in terms of electronic coupling between the precursor and product states. The S1 state does not correlate adiabatically to the ground state of the C–H bond fission products, so intersystem crossing to the T1 state precedes dissociation. In the T1 state, avoided crossing between the ππ* (benzene) configuration and the σσ* (C–H) repulsive configuration results in the adiabatic potential energy surface which evolves to the ground state of the C–H bond fission products allowing rapid dissociation. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.476688
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Density fluctuations and confinement in the Nagoya Bumpy Torus (NBT-1M) (1991)
    New York, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 3 (1991), S. 1052-1058 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The stabilization of low-frequency density fluctuations is evidenced in the Nagoya Bumpy Torus (NBT-1M) [Plasma Physics and Controlled Nuclear Fusion Research (IAEA, Vienna, 1985), Vol. 2, p. 551] in the presence of microwave-heated hot-electron rings. Flute-type fluctuations, which are considered to be stabilized by the charge-uncovering effect of the rings, are found to cause large plasma losses, and to affect radial density profiles in the way that the lower fluctuation level yields the steeper density gradient. The particle confinement is, therefore, improved by the hot-electron rings to some extent, but is mainly determined by the plasma convection, which is expected from the discrepancy between density and potential profiles. It is also found that fluctuations in a toroidal plasma inside the ring grow when a weak negative ambipolar potential and a steep density gradient are formed, and are reduced to a low level when a deep potential well is achieved.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.859833
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Far-infrared laser oscillation from a very small p-Ge crystal under uniaxial stress (1999)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 74 (1999), S. 3432-3434 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We report on pulse laser oscillation from a p-Ge intervalence band (IVB) laser composed of a Ga-doped Ge crystal measuring about 1×1×5 mm3 which is a very small volume compared with those reported so far for shallow-acceptor-doped Ge. Laser oscillation is only achieved under uniaxial stresses greater than 1300 kg/cm2. We find that the optimum stress for lasing is around 3500–4100 kg/cm2 when the p-Ge IVB lasers are operated at liquid helium temperature. The minimum electric power needed for lasing is only 280 W at a peak period of pulse emission. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.124118
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Light scattering study on the micellar systems solubilizing a fatty acid (1995)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 273 (1995), S. 1055-1059 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Solubilization ; micelle ; aggregational state ; light scattering ; oleic acid ; reconstitution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The effect of oleic acid on the aggregational behavior of the α-sulfonated fatty acid methyl ester sodium salt (α-SFMe) and sodium linear C12/C14-alkylbenzene-sulfonate (LAS) has been studied using a light-scattering method. The solubilizing capacity of α-SFMe was larger than that of LAS, and depended both on the number of micelles in the surfactant solution and the solubilized amount per micelle. When the micellar weights for the α-SFMe and LAS systems were determined at the various oleic acid/surfactant ratios, the micellar weights initially decreased by small amounts of solubilizate and then increased with the further increase in the solubilized amounts. It was found that the solubilization process is accompanied by a reconstitution of the micelles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00657673
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A temperature study on critical micellization concentration (CMC), solubility, and degree of counterion binding of α-sulfonatomyristic acid methyl ester in water by electroconductivity measurements (1997)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 275 (1997), S. 474-479 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Key words Critical micellization concentration (CMC) ; solubility ; degree of counterion binding ; Krafft point ; α-sulfonatomyristic acid methyl ester
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract  For a sodium salt of α-sulfonatomyristic acid methyl ester (14SFNa), one of the α-SFMe series surfactants, critical micellization concentration (CMC), solubility and degree of counterion binding (β) were determined by means of electrocon-ductivity measurements at different temperatures (at every 5 °C) ranging from 15 to 50 °C. The phase diagram of 14SFNa in pure water was constructed from the CMC- and solubility-temperature data, in which the Krafft temperature (critical solution temperature) was found around 0 °C. The changes in the Gibbs energy, ΔG 0 m, enthalpy, ΔH 0 m, and entropy, ΔS 0 m, upon micelle formation as a function of temperature were evaluated taking βvalues into calculation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003960050106
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An electroconductivity study on degree of counterion binding or dissociation of a-sulfonatomyristic acid methyl ester micelles in water as a function of temperature (1997)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 275 (1997), S. 790-796 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Key words Electroconductivity ; differential conductivity ; degree of counterion binding ; dissociation degree of micelles ; α-sulfonato-myristic acid methyl ester
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract  For a sodium salt of α-sulfonatomyristic acid methyl ester (14SFNa), one of the α-SFMe series surfactants, the differential conductivity (∂κ/∂C) T , P vs. square root of concentration (√C) was employed in order to determine not only CMC but also the limiting molar conductance (Λ0) and the molar conductance of micellar species (ΛM). Based on the data of the degree of counterion binding to micelles (β) determined previously at different temperatures ranging 15–50 °C at every 5 °C, the experimental values of the degree of dissociation (ionization) of a micelle (αEX) were calculated by regarding as αEX=1−β. The ratio ΛM/Λ0 corresponding to the ratio of slopes below and above CMC in the curve of specific conductivity (κ) vs. concentration (C), which has been often assumed to be the degree of ionization of micelles (α), was compared with the present αEX. However, the ratio ΛM/Λ0 (=α) was found to have a correlationship with αEX (=1−β) as αEX≈0.40×(ΛM/Λ0), or strictly, αEX=0.40 (ΛM/Λ0)+0.08, indicating that the simple ratio of the slopes below and above CMC in κ vs. C curve is not true for αEX=1−β. On the other hand, the method proposed by Evans gave a value closer to αEX compared with the simple ratio.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003960050149
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inhibition of sulfate excretion by (aminooxy)acetate induced stimulation of taurine excretion in rats (1995)
    Springer
    Amino acids 8 (1995), S. 345-352 
    Details
    ISSN: 1438-2199
    Keywords: Amino acids ; Cysteine metabolism ; Sulfate formation ; Taurine formation ; Hypotaurine ; Sulfur equilibrium
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary l-Cysteine is mainly metabolized to sulfate and taurine through cysteinesulfinate pathway. Alternatively, sulfate is formed in rat liver mitochondria via 3-mercaptopyruvate pathway. Intraperitoneal administration of 5 mmol ofl-cysteine per kg of body weight resulted in the increase in sulfate and taurine (plus hypotaurine) excretion in the 24-h urine, which corresponded to 45.3 and 29.3%, respectively, ofl-cysteine administered. Subcutaneous injection of (aminooxy)acetate, a potent inhibitor of transaminases, together withl-cysteine halved the sulfate excretion and doubled the taurine excretion. In vitro sulfate formation froml-cysteine and froml-cysteinesulfinate in rat liver mitochondria was inhibited by (aminooxy)-acetate. The sulfate-forming activity of liver mitochondria obtained from rats injected with (aminooxy) acetate was also inhibited. These results indicate that the transamination reaction is crucial in sulfate formation and in the regulation of sulfur metabolism. Sulfur equilibrium in mammals was discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00806552
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preparation and analysis of a volatile derivative of cysteic acid (1991)
    Springer
    Amino acids 1 (1991), S. 375-378 
    Details
    ISSN: 1438-2199
    Keywords: Amino acids ; Cysteic acid analysis ; Taurine analysis ; Gas chromatography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We have reported preparations and gas chromatographic analyses of volatile derivatives of sulfuric acid and taurine (Masuoka et al., 1988; 1989). By extending these studies, we have developed a method for the gas chromatographic determination of cysteic acid. Cysteic acid was converted to the N-isobutoxycarbonyl derivative by the reaction with isobutyl chloroformate in the presence of sodium hydroxide. After desalting with a cation-exchange column, the derivative was converted to the silver salt by reacting with silver oxide. The resulting silver salt was quantitatively esterified with methyl iodide in the presence of dimethyl sulfate and silver oxide. Dimethyl N-isobutoxy-carbonylcysteate [methyl 2-(N-isobutoxycarbonylamino)-3-(methoxysulfonyl) propanoate] formed was analyzed by gas chromatography. The calibration curve was linear up to 5.0µmol per ml of cysteic acid and the recovery was more than 95%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00814006
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