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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: HTLV-I ; Tropical spastic paraparesis ; Chronic progressive myelopathy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary An autopsy case of human T lymphotropic virus I-associated myelopathy (HAM) of a duration of 28 years in a 61-year-old man with serological confirmation of HTLV-I infection was reported. The spinal cord was grossly atrophic. There was severe symmetrical degeneration of the lateral funiculi, particularly of the bilateral pyramidal tracts, involving all levels of the spinal cord, but anterior horn cells were relatively well preserved. In the most severely damaged middle and lower thoracic segments, the white matter degeneration also involved the anterior funiculi. In the degenerated white matter, both the myelin and axons were equally lost and had been replaced by glial scars. Marked adventitial fibrosis was commonly seen in small parenchymal vessls in both the white and gray matter. Although there was no evidence of inflammation in the spinal cord, mild lymphocytic infiltration was occasionally observed in the subarachnoid and perivascular spaces in the brain stem, cerebellum and cerebrum. This case was considered as a burnt-out case of HAM.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Major histocompatibility complex class II ; Wallerian degeneration ; Microglia ; Autoimmune disease ; Experimental allergic encephalitis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary To clarify the implication of the major histocompatibility complex class II (Ia) antigen induction in microglia following Wallerian degeneration in the central nervous system (CNS), experimental allergic encephalitis (EAE) was adoptively transferred to Lewis rats in which Ia antigens had been induced in microglia at the sites of Wallerian degeneration. In addition to randomly distributed typical EAE lesions, the recipient rats developed distinct inflammatory lesions in accord with the distribution of Ia-positive microglia; i.e., in the ipsilateral thalamus after cortical cryoinjury, and in the ipsilateral optic nerve, the contralateral optic tract and superior colliculus after unilateral eye ball enucleation. Thus, the EAE locus may be targeted by this approach. The inflammatory response was inducible by transfer of myelin basic protein-stimulated lymphocytes but not by transfer of phytohemagglutinin-stimulated or non-stimulated lymphocytes. When examined using monoclonal antibody surface markers; OX-6 for Ia antigen, W3/13 for pan T lymphocyte and OX-8 for cytotoxic/suppresser T lymphocyte, the types of lymphocytes in these lesions did not differ from those in ordinary EAE lesions in the spinal cord. The potential role of non-immunologically induced Ia-positive cell clusters that serve as a target for autoimmune CNS diseases was discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 107 (1990), S. 152-160 
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Chiari malformation ; magnetic resonance image ; syringomyelia ; syringo-subarachnoid shunt
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The authors report the surgical results of 28 patients with syringomyelia associated with Chiari malformation (type 1). 28 patients underwent 34 operative procedures. Syringo-subarachnoid shunt was performed in 28 patients, foramen magnum decompression with syringo-subarachnoid shunt in three, ventriculo-peritoneal shunt in one, terminal syringostomy in one, and foramen magnum decompression with terminal syringostomy in one. In an average postoperative follow-up period of 3 years and 9 months ranging from one year to 7 years and one month, neurological symptoms and signs improved in 24 out of 28 patients (82%). Some improvement was noted in sensory deficit and motor weakness. In 3 patients, the symptoms did not change. In 3 patients whose symptoms were unchanged, preoperative studies demonstrated atrophy of the spinal cord, in which irreversible changes were shown. The symptoms deteriorated in one patient. In one patient whose symptoms increased 3 months after syringo-subarachnoid shunt, shunt insufficiency due to postoperative adhesive arachnoiditis was responsible for neurological deterioration. The authors propose that syringo-subarachnoid shunt is effective as a surgical procedure for syringomyelia associated with Chiari malformation (type 1) if the patient does not have symptoms due to Chiari malformation or has only mild signs and symptoms which do not require foramen magnum decompression, such as nystagmus or atrophy of sternocleidomastoid muscle.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 32 (1976), S. 59-65 
    ISSN: 1600-5724
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The definition of a lattice and its superlattice is given algebraically. A coincidence site lattice (CSL) is defined as an intersection lattice of any two crystal lattices, and a complete pattern-shift lattice (DSCL) as the set theoretically smallest lattice containing both crystal lattices as superlattices. In the case where the two lattices are related by a non-singular matrix (having non-zero determinant), the so-called 0-lattice may be generated from the two crystal lattices. Any translation of the 0-lattice by all the vectors of one of the crystal lattices forms a lattice, i.e. a reduced 0-lattice. As a result of the theory of groups and numbers, the reduced 0-lattice (abbreviated to ROL) is homomorphic to the DSCL. It is shown that the factor group of all cosets of lattice 1 in the DSCL (in the ROL) is isomorphic with the factor group of all cosets of the CSL in lattice 2 (in the 0-lattice). The volume of a unit cell is derived for all the lattices generated by the two crystal lattices. Secondly, the reciprocal of a lattice is introduced and the reciprocity between the CSL and the DSCL determined by the reciprocals of the two crystal lattices is shown as a special case of a theorem mentioned about modules over a ring. Finally a complete diagram of relationships between b-lattices and 0-lattices for direct lattices and reciprocal lattices is given.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 73 (1993), S. 6582-6584 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The coercive forces and anisotropy fields of Fe-Ru-Ga-Si films deposited on 30° tilted substrates were measured for varying chemical compositions and crystal orientations. The minimum coercivity and minimum in-plane magnetic anisotropy were observed at an iron-rich composition corresponding to a substantial magnitude of anisotropy constant: K1=6×103 (J/m3). From an orientation analysis of the crystal aggregate, this optimization with the large K1 was understood to be a result of the cancellation of the shape anisotropy by the crystalline anisotropy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: To clarify the significance of basic fetoprotein (BFP) in lymphocytes, we investigated whether BFP is produced in lymphocytes during blastic transformation. Peripheral blood lymphocytes obtained from 14 adults were cultured under the stimulation of lectins. The concentration of BFP in the culture medium (extracellular BFP) was estimated serially. The incorporation of [6-3 H] thymidine was assayed simultaneously. The intracellular BFP was measured by dual flow cytometry for DNA and BFP. A lymph node was studies immunohistochemically. Serum BFP was measured in four cases of lumphocytic leukaemia. In two cases, dual staining was performed. The intracellular BFP of the mitogen-stimulated lymphocytes was increased within 24 h. The extracellular BFP was increased exponentially from 72 h. The extracellular BFP at 96 h did not correlate with the [3H]-thymidine incorporation. The intracellular BFP increase began in G1 phase. Immunostaining showed that the B cells also produced BFP. Theserum BFP level in leukaemia was high in 1 of 4 cases and the leukaemic cells in two cases showed high intracellular BFP content. These observations indicate that BFP is produced in activated human lymphocytes and in lymphocytic leukaemic cells. The production of BFP during blastic transformation will be a useful new in vitro model for studying the biological role of BFP, and BFP labelling may offer some new possibilities for study of lymphocytes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Isolation of a viral agent (107) directly from brain explants of a 15-month-old heifer with symptoms of a sporadic encephalomyelitis is described. The virus shares properties with the paramyxovirus family. It grows in a variety of cell cultures from different species, and induces nuclear and cytoplasmic inclusion bodies in infected cells. Nucleocapsids measuring 17 nm in diameter were found in the nucleus and cytoplasm of these cells when studied electron microscopically, thus indicating a close relationship of the agent to the measles-distemper-rinderpest group. No infectious virus was released from infected cells, although alignment of nucleocapsids was observed beneath the cell membrane, and no hemagglutinating activity could be detected with the methods employed. The 107 agent was compared serologically with parainfluenza viruses type 1, 2 and 3, simian virus 5, mumps and Newcastle disease virus (NDV), two bovine respiratory syncytial viruses and measles/subacute sclerosing panencephalitis, distemper and rinderpest viruses, always using 107 virus infected CV1 cells and antiserum of the different viruses in indirect FA tests. Positive FA reactions were observed only with two sera obtained from SSPE patients with high antibody titer to SSPE virus, and with one rabbit-anti-rinderpest serum. The titers of these sera to 107 virus, however, were significantly lower than those against homologous viruses. Five out of 9 sera from randomly selected healthy cattle showed antibody titers between 1:10 and 1:80 to 107 virus in FA tests. The significance of these results is discussed with respect to the epidemiology of SSPE in children and its possible implication with rinderpest in Europe.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Key engineering materials Vol. 61-62 (Jan. 1992), p. 581-584 
    ISSN: 1013-9826
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Carbon monoxide poisoning ; Delayed carbon monoxide sequelae ; Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The pathogenesis of delayed sequelae of carbon monoxide (CO) exposure is still unknown. We repeatedly examined a 55-year-old woman with the interval form of CO poisoning, using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). When the clinical picture was severe, MRS revealed markedly lowered N-acetyl-asparatate (NAA)/creatine and phosphocreatine (Cr) ratio and slightly increased choline containing compounds (Cho)/Cr ratio. Subsequently, NAA and Cho/Cr ratio tended to return to normal, reflecting clinical improvement. Proton MRS shows the previously unrecognised neuronal activity in CO poisoning and precisely reflects the severity of symptoms. We stress the superiority of proton MRS over the conventional radiological examinations in CO poisoning.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-1998
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We present a case of Dandy-Walker malformation associated with occipital meningocele, microphthalmia, and cleft palate. Small numbers of cases of Dandy-Walker malformation with occipital meningocele have been described in the literature, but to our knowledge, non of these also had microphthalmia or cleft palate. This association suggests that time of intrauterine origin of Dandy-Walker syndrome was in the sixth or seventh embryonic week. In the diagnosis, both CT cisternography and direct neurosonography over the occipital meningocele was useful for the demonstration of a posterior fossa cyst which communicated with the fourth ventricle and the occipital meningocele.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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