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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Pheochromocytoma ; MIBG scintigraphy ; Intraoperative staging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) imaging is a well-established method for locating intra-and extraadrenal pheochromocytomas. We investigated whether preoperative injection of 123-I-MIBG might be useful for intraoperative staging of chromaffine tumor cells. This was performed in a 46-year-old patient in whom the diagnosis of a malignant pheochromocytoma had been established by 123-I-MIBG imaging and enhanced catecholamine secretion. The rationale for intraoperative staging in this patient was a discrepancy between computed tomography (CI) of the abdomen and the radionuclide imaging, because scintigraphy revealed a mass with MIBG uptake in the right lower abdomen that could not be visualized by CT. We thus applied a preoperative dose of 4 mCi 123-I-MIBG and determined tissue activity by direct organ measurement. A right abdominal mass was thus identified with an activity of 10×104 impulses/s as compared to normal tissue (15×102). The left-sided tumor was found to be identified correctly by prior CT and MIBG imaging. We thus conclude that intraoperative application of this single probe measurement might help to identify chromaffine tumor cells that have not been located fully by CT.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 57 (1986), S. 2032-2034 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The Zeeman splitting of neutral lithium introduced to a hot plasma as a beam may be used to determine both the magnitude and direction of the local magnetic field. Dye lasers can improve the sensitivity of the method, either by resonance fluorescence or by intracavity absorption. A limit on the applicability of this diagnostic is set by the lithium density in the plasma. A high density, 80-kV lithium beam has been developed to access plasmas of larger dimension and/or higher densities, or to permit measurements with better time resolution than with previous beams. The beam utilizes a high density lithium ion source. Diagnostics include 2-D ion beam profiling, Faraday cup, magnetic analyzer, and a "pepperpot'' probe for measurements of beam intensity, composition, and divergence. Beam currents can exceed 10 mA in a ≤2-cm-diameter beam with a divergence of several milliradians.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 56 (1985), S. 1070-1070 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A local magnetic field diagnostic, based on the Zeeman splitting of lithium atoms is under development at Los Alamos. A modified duoPIGatron ion source1 is used in conjunction with an 80-kV accelerator to produce a high-density atomic lithium beam, permitting access to plasmas with a wide range of parameters. Detection of the Zeeman pattern in the plasma will be enhanced by the use of a dye laser, either using fluorescence or intracavity absorption (ICA). While the sensitivity of resonance fluorescence is well known, that of ICA is less well understood where short time scales are involved. Experiments to study the time/concentration trade-offs in ICA have been performed on lithium vapor, and show that the sensitivity of ICA is at least equal to that of fluorescence (assuming a dark background), under conditions of submillisecond detection times. ICA is also 103 times more sensitive than single-pass absorption under these conditions. Optimization of the atomic beam and integration with the dye laser systems are in progress.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 59 (1988), S. 2357-2365 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The U. S. magnetic fusion energy program has developed a single design, long-pulse neutral beam source for TFTR, MFTF-B, and DIII-D. The arc is a very compact axial magnetic line cusp. The accelerator is an actively cooled tetrode with water-cooled grid tubes of shaped molybdenum forming "slot'' beamlets. DIII-D and MFTF-B configurations have an 80-kV accelerator gap, with a 12×18 cm aperture, and a 10-m "module'' focus. TFTR modules are unfocused, with a 120-kV gap and 12×43-cm mask. The first CLPS was tested in the TFTR configuration, at 120 kV, 2s. Optimum current was 73 A, or 1.76 μpervs (deuterium), with 80%–85% atomic fraction. Optimum divergence of ions plus neutrals was 0.4° parallel to the slots, and 0.7° perpendicular to the slots (1/e half-angle). The combination of an axial cusp magnetic bucket and slot accelerator apertures gives the common long pulse source about twice the beam power per unit cross section of other long pulse sources, plus lower divergence in the direction parallel to the slots.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 91 (1987), S. 2242-2243 
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 58 (1987), S. 1401-1405 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The four barrel pneumatic pellet injector originally used on the Alcator C tokamak at MIT has been reconfigured for use on the ZT-40M reversed field pinch (RFP) at Los Alamos National Laboratory. The lower temperature and density in this device require operation at velocities significantly lower than on Alcator. Allowing a 2-s warmup prior to firing the injector has enabled operation with pressures as low as 40 psig and velocities ranging as low as 200 m/s with H2 pellets, without major cryostat modification. Initial injection experiments in the ZT-40M plasma have verified that pellet refueling is effective for density control, but the net particle inventory increase is less than might be expected based on simple models. Indications of nonoptimal penetration and curvature of the pellet trajectory, in addition to comparable time scales for particle confinement and pellet transit, may account for this.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 30 (1987), S. 1828-1838 
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The ZT-40M [Fusion Tech. 8, 1571 (1985)] reversed-field pinch has been used to study magnetic flux perturbations during high-θ [θ=Bθ(a)/〈Bφ〉〉1.6] discharges. Asymmetric toroidal magnetic flux perturbations are found to be associated with magnetic flux emerging through the toroidal shell gap and with m=0 magnetic disturbances moving toroidally. Ramping current discharges, which are a special case of high-θ operation, show the most robust self-generation of toroidal flux. The electron density fluctuations on the inside major radius and associated m=1 and m=0 fluctuations seen on edge magnetic field probes provide a clearer picture of activity during a soft x-ray sawtooth crash. During the sawtooth crash, significant magnetic energy is apparently converted into kinetic energy of the particles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 28 (1985), S. 3136-3141 
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Spectroscopic measurements on the ZT-40M reversed field pinch [submitted to Fusion Tech.] discharge are reported. Specifically, the impurity content, Zeff, recycling behavior, ion temperature, and propagation of magnetohydrodynamic modes in the edge are addressed. The importance of the plasma–wall interaction in ZT-40M, operated without limiters, is demonstrated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Steady-state current sustainment by oscillating field current drive (OFCD) utilizes a technique in which the toroidal and poloidal magnetic fields at the plasma surface are modulated at audio frequencies in quadrature. Experiments on the ZT-40M reversed field pinch [Fusion Technol. 8, 1571 (1985)] have examined OFCD over a range of modulation amplitude, frequency, and phase. For all cases examined, the magnitude of the plasma current is dependent on the phase of the modulations as predicted by theory. However, evidence of current drive has only been observed at relatively low levels of injected power. For larger modulation amplitudes, the data suggest that substantial current drive is offset by increased plasma resistance as a result of modulation enhanced plasma–wall interactions. The initial experimental results and supporting theoretical interpretations of OFCD are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 57 (1986), S. 2714-2719 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The 10×40-cm long pulse neutral beam source developed at Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory has been selected as the prototype for the design of the U. S. common long pulse source to be used on tokamak fusion test reactor (TFTR), Doublet-III, and mirror fusion test facility (MFTF-B). The long pulse source consists of a magnetic line cusp bucket with an actively cooled backplate electron dump and a four-grid accelerator using slot apertures and water-cooled molybdenum rails. Deuterium testing of the long pulse source at 120 kV and 53 A and with a 2-s pulse length has been completed on the neutral beam engineering test facility, including an 8-h 100-shot test to demonstrate the durability and reliability of the source. Maximum 2-s beam parameters obtained (not simultaneously) are 125 kV, 58 A (deuterium), and 7.1 MW. Beam pulse length has been extended to 5 s at 120 kV. Atomic species fractions in excess of 80% have been obtained, with a beam divergence (full energy, 1/e half-angle) of approximately 0.8×0.4°. Calorimetric measurements on the accelerator grids and backplate electron dump indicate heat loads consistent with predictions and within the design limits of the source. This testing has verified the design of the source and its ability to exceed the basic performance requirements.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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