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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characteristic distribution of noradrenergic terminals on the anterior horn motoneurons innervating the perineal striated muscles in the rat (1985)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 171 (1985), S. 267-273 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Dopamine-β-hydroxylase ; Anterior column ; Ultrastructure ; Immunohistochemistry ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Dopamine-β-hydroxylase (DBH) immunohistochemistry was used to demonstrate the noradrenergic fibers and terminals in the anterior column of the rat lumbosacral spinal segments. PAP-positive varicose fibers were widely distributed in the gray matter with preferential accumulation in the nuclear regions containing motoneurons involved in the contraction of perineal striated muscles. Unmyelinated DBH fibers were composed of nodular enlargements (varicosities, 0.4–3.0 μm in diameter) and very fine, short intervals (intervaricose segments, 0.1–0.2 μm in diameter and 1.0–4.0 μm in length). DBH-positive dense products were electron microscopically often confined within small granular particles and less frequently within large granules. Additionally, in order to characterize the innervation pattern of noradrenergic fibers on dendritic bundles organized in the motoneuronal pools innervating the pelvic small muscles, semi-quantitative analysis was done in the area of the dorsolateral nucleus endowed with especially well-developed dendritic bundles. DBH terminals contacting with unreactive dendrites were more common (67.9%) than those with neuronal somata (15.1%), and the remainder (17%) had no contacts with surrounding neuronal elements. Furthermore, specialized synaptic formations were observed in only 20.1% of these nodules. The results suggest that bulbospinal descending noradrenergic neuron systems influence the functioning of pelvic muscles principally via the neuronal contacts with dendritic bundles in the spinal cord.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00347015
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemical demonstration of serotonin nerve fibers in the corpus striatum of the rat, cat and monkey (1985)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 173 (1985), S. 1-5 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Serotonin ; Striatum ; Globus pallidus ; Mammals (rat, cat,Macaca fuscata) ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The distribution of serotonin-containing nerve fibers in the corpus striatum of the rat, cat and monkey was studied with modified peroxidase-antiperoxidase method using serotonin antiserum without any pretreatment. In the neostriatum (caudate nucleus and putamen) of all mammalian species investigated, the immunoreactive fibers were distinct varicose fibers in a fine network. The concentration of these fibers was high in the ventral, medial and caudal neostriatum. Especially in the area bounded by the globus pallidus, serotonin fibers were abundant and compactly arranged along the nucleus. In this area of the monkey, a few thick fibers (tract fibers) were intermingled; they ran along the lateral medullary lamina. Such tract fibers were also observed outside the medial medullary lamina and in the central portion of the medial pallidal segment. The paleostriatum (globus pallidus and entopeduncular nucleus) of the rat and cat as well as the medial pallidal segment of the monkey was diffusely innervated with serotonin fibers composed of numerous varicosities and fine intervaricose segments, while in the lateral pallidal segment of the monkey, the distribution of fibers was scantly and partial. Our results hint at the morphological basis of the serotonergic regulation of the extrapyramidal system in mammals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00707298
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Light and electron microscopic immunohistochemical studies of serotonin nerve fibers in the substantia nigra of the rat, cat and monkey (1987)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 176 (1987), S. 13-18 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Serotonin ; Substantia nigra ; Mammals (rat, cat, Macaca fuscata) ; Immunohistochemistry ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The distribution of serotonin-containing nerve fibers in the substantia nigra of the rat, cat and monkey was studied with a highly sensitive peroxidase-antiperoxidase immunohistochemical method. Serotonin fibers in the substantia nigra of all species consisted of fine varicose fibers and formed a fine network. In the zona compacta of all species, serotonin fibers were sparsely distributed. In the zone reticularis of the rat and cat, these fibers were densely distributed and their distributional pattern was almost uniform, while in the monkey such fibers were unevenly distributed and high and low dense areas were intermingled. In the pars lateralis of all species, serotonin fibers were diffusely distributed, and the distributional density was much higher in the cat and monkey than in the rat. Immunoelectron-microscopic studies further revealed that a majority of the labeled varicosities in the rat substantia nigra were in close apposition to peridendritic axon terminals and were also free in the neuropil; occasionally they exhibited symmetrical synapses of “en passant” type with non-immunoreactive dendrites or somata. Our results support a functional significance of serotonergic regulation of the substantia nigra in mammals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00309747
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of the two most common Wx alleles on different genetic backgrounds in rice (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 119 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Wxa and Wxb are the most common alleles of the Wx gene in Asian cultivated rice. The difference between them is responsible for differences in the levels of the Wx gene product in the endosperm, as well as in amylose content, which is an important determinant of the quality of edible rice. Since Indica rice mostly carries the Wxa allele, we introduced the Wxb allele into Indica-type rice (IR36) from a Japonica-type rice (T65) by repeated backcrossing. In the near-isogenic line (IR36 Wxb), the level of the Wx gene product was reduced and, as expected, the level of amylose. However, IR36Wxb had a lower amylose content than the recurrent parent of T65 with the Wxb allele. The results suggest that the Indica (IR36) background might lower the amylose content more than the Japonica (T65) background when the Wx allele is the same. The possible importance of modifiers that regulate expression of the Wx gene is also discussed in relation to improvements in the grain quality of rice.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0523.2000.00533.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of space angle on constriction resistance and contact resistance for a point contact (1985)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 58 (1985), S. 2651-2654 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: It can generally be considered that an actual contact makes an angle with the extension of the contact surface because the tip of a contact element is convex in shape (macroscopically) and has surface roughness (microscopically). The effect of this angle on constriction resistance and contact resistance for a point contact is analyzed theoretically by solving Laplace's equation subject to boundary conditions determined by a modeled morphology of the contact. The analysis leads to the modified formulas for the constriction resistance and the contact resistance, which show that the effect cannot always be neglected and that the contact model with space angle is useful.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.335897
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Increased levels of a TH2-type CC chemokine thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC) in serum and induced sputum of asthmatics (2002)
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Allergy 57 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background: Cytokines liberated by TH2 cells play crucial roles in the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma. Recent studies have demonstrated that CC chemokine receptor (CCR)4 is preferentially expressed by TH2 cells. These facts suggest possible involvement of two CCR4-specific ligands i.e., thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC) and macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC), in the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma via recruitment of TH2 cells to inflammatory sites. We investigated the levels of TARC and MDC in the serum and induced sputum of asthmatics. Methods: The levels of TARC in the serum (46 asthmatics and 26 healthy subjects) and induced sputum (30 asthmatics and 6 healthy subjects) were measured using a highly sensitive ELISA system. The levels of eotaxin and MDC were also measured by ELISA. Results: TARC, but not MDC, was significantly increased in asthmatic sera (P〈0.001). Although MDC was undetectable in the sputum of most cases by our assay system, sputum TARC was significantly increased (P=0.027). Conclusions: The elevated TARC levels in asthmatics might be involved in the pathophysiology of asthma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1398-9995.2002.1s3256.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Eotaxin in induced sputum of asthmatics: relationship with eosinophils and eosinophil cationic protein in sputum (2000)
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Allergy 55 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background: Eosinophilic inflammation is a crucial aspect of allergic diseases such as bronchial asthma. An eosinophil-active chemokine, eotaxin, may play a role in the pathogenesis of the tissue eosinophilia accompanying asthma. Methods: Induced sputa were obtained from 53 patients with atopic asthma and six healthy subjects, and the concentration of eotaxin in the sputum was measured by ELISA. We investigated whether the sputum content of eotaxin is related to 1) asthma status or corticosteroid therapy, and 2) other sputum indices, including percentage of eosinophils and concentration of eosinophil cationic protein (ECP). Results: The patients with stable or unstable asthma showed significantly higher concentrations of sputum eotaxin than the normal controls. The level of sputum eotaxin demonstrated a positive correlation with the percentage of eosinophils in stable asthmatics not receiving corticosteroid therapy, but not in stable patients treated with corticosteroids, or in unstable patients. Sputum eotaxin demonstrated a positive correlation with ECP in asthmatic patients who were either in a stable state or not receiving steroid therapy. Conclusions: The elevated level of eotaxin detected in association with increased eosinophils and ECP in the sputum of asthmatics suggests that eotaxin is involved in the pathogenesis of eosinophilic airway inflammation. The relationship of eotaxin to airway eosinophilia may be modified by the stability status of asthma and corticosteroid therapy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1398-9995.2000.00474.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Terminal Complement Complexes (SC5b-9) in Cerebrospinal Fluid in Autoimmune Nervous System Diseases (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 540 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1988.tb27109.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistological studies of masked indoleamine cells in the area postrema of the rat (1985)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 82 (1985), S. 101-106 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Masked indoleamine cells (MICS) in the area postrema and adjacent areas in the rat were immunohistochemically studied (the peroxidase-antiperoxidase method) using a serotonin antiserum. After pretreatment with nialamide (200–300 mg/kg), immunoreactive MICS could be observed. They were small cells (about 12 μm in diameter) with several processes and were distributed in nearly all parts of the area postrema and also in the nucleus tructus solitarii. Following a single intraventricular injection of 75 μg 5,6-dihydroxytryptamine, the immunoreactivity of these cells conspicuously decreased for several days. The submicroscopical structure of the cells was investigated using immunoelectron microscopy. Immunoreactive products were observed in the cytoplasm as particles with a diameter of 25–40 nm and high electron density, but these were not found in the nucleus or cell organelles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00708192
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Combined method of fluorescence tracer technique and PAP immunohistochemistry for discrimination of the transplanted cells (1989)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 91 (1989), S. 191-194 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The retrograde fluorescence tracer, True Blue (TB), was injected into the forebrain septal area of neonatal rats. After 3 to 6 days the brains of these animals were carefully removed and placed in ice-cold sterilized physiological saline containing 1% glucose. Under the surgical microscope, one or two pairs of mesencephalic tissue samples, each containing a dorsal raphe nucleus, were punched out and transplanted into the third ventricle of a 5,6-DHT-pretreated adult rat. One month after transplantation, all animals were perfused and their brains sectioned using a cryostat. The sections were examined using a fluorescence microscope, and then processed for serotonin immunohistochemistry. The grafts were found to be successfully implanted and connected with the middle portion of the third ventricle. Four types of neurons, i.e., TB-labeled, serotonin-labeled, both TB-and serotonin-labeled, and non-labeled neurons, were detected in the grafts. This double-labeling method is considered to be a useful technique in characterizing the neurons in grafts which consist of a heterogeneous cell population.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00490131
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