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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measurements of minority-carrier diffusion length in n-CulnS2 by electron-beam-induced current method (1989)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 66 (1989), S. 5412-5415 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The diffusion length of minority carriers in n-CuInS2 samples is examined with electron-beam-induced current (EBIC) technique in vertical and planar configuration. Theories for the interpretation of the EBIC data from the experiments are reported. The holes as minority carriers show a diffusion length in the range of 1 μm, which is promising for high efficient solar energy conversion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.343688
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An In Vitro Model for the Expansion of Vγ9δ2 T Lymphocytes During Development (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 40 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The 7/γ/δTlymphocytes represent a minority of T lymphocytes in human peripheral blood. Although there have been reports of reactivity against (myco-) bacterial antigens and heat shock proteins, their function and antigen specificity remain ill defined. The biological role of γ/δ T cells has been related to functions within the ‘first line of defense’. Similar to γ/δ T lymphocytes in the T-cell compartment, CD5 positive B cells represent a small subset of B lymphocytes, which is thought to be involved in the maintenance of natural immunity and autoimmunity. We provide evidence for the cooperation of γ/δ T cells and CD5 positive B cells in the proliferative response of γ/δ T cells to bacterial antigens. Our data indicate a strong proliferation of Vγ9δ2 T cells in response to gram-negative bacteria, which is dependent upon the presence of CD5 positive B-CLL or activated normal B lymphocytes. The selective stimulation of the Vγ9δ2 subpopulation by gram-negative bacteria is also confirmed by analysis of different γ/δ T-cell clones. The interaction of γ/δ T cells with activated B cells and gram-negative bacteria may prove to be a useful model similar to the expansion of the Vγ9δ2 subpopulation during development. In addition, our in vitro system should provide new insights in the interaction of CLL B cells with the immune system and the antigens recognized by γ/δ T cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1994.tb03499.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ozone uptake in the sun and shade crown of spruce: quantifying the physiological effects of ozone exposure (1993)
    Springer
    Trees 7 (1993), S. 227-232 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2285
    Keywords: Ozone uptake ; Stomatal conductance ; Spruce
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The uptake of air pollutants depends both on pollutant concentration and on stomatal conductance. This paper deals with the uptake of ozone (O3) from the air into the needles of Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.] under ambient climatic conditions. Regulation of O3 uptake by the stomata is shown and also the difference between the “physiologically active O3 concentration” and the O3 concentration of the ambient air. Data from the sun and shade crown of spruce trees at 1000 m a.s.l. are presented. Analysis of data from three vegetation periods has shown that at low ambient O3 concentrations the O3 uptake is largely regulated by stomatal conductance. Water vapour pressure deficit (VPD) of the atmosphere is the climatic factor which showed the highest positive correlation with O3 concentration. However, a high leaf-air VDP led to stomatal closure, thus reducing the O3 uptake in the needles despite high O3 concentrations in the ambient air. The potential O3 stress caused by high O3 concentrations can be strongly mitigated by this natural closing of the stomata and the simultaneous occurrence of moderate drought stress.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00202078
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Failure to detect any effect of amalgam restorations on peripheral blood lymphocyte populations (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 70 (1992), S. 728-734 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Amalgam ; Lymphocytes ; Immune system
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Dental amalgam has been considered to have adverse side effects on the immune system. Reports have been contradictory, indicating both an increase and a decrease in peripheral blood lymphocyte counts associated with amalgam restorations. We investigated two groups of patients, one of which was treated with amalgam restorations for the first time. In the other group, all existing amalgam fillings were removed. Prior to and after treatment, we determined the absolute and relative numbers of granulocytes, lymphocytes, monocytes, T cells, B cells, cytotoxic T cells, helper T cells and natural killer cells. In addition, functional investigations of T cells were performed. We failed to find any effect of amalgam restorations on the immune system in terms of the parameters investigated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00180738
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Single-dose toxicokinetics of aluminum in the rat (1992)
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 66 (1992), S. 700-705 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Aluminum ; Toxicokinetics ; Rat ; Parenterals
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The toxicokinetics of aluminum (Al) in male Wistar rats was studied after single intragastric (IG) doses of 1000 and 12000 μg Al/kg and intravenous (IV) doses of 10, 100, 1000, and 12000 μg Al/kg. Serial blood samples, daily samples of urine and feces as well as brain, liver, kidney, spleen, quadriceps muscle, and femur samples were collected. Al was measured by atomic absorption spectrometry. Al blood profiles after IV doses were adequately described by a two-compartment open model. Al toxicokinetics was dose dependent and appeared to plateau at 12000 μg/kg. At IV doses between 10 and 1000 μg/kg the terminal half-life of elimination from whole blood (t1/2β) increased from 29.9±7.8 to 209.3±32.6 min, and the total body clearance (CL) decreased from 2.45±0.64 to 0.28±0.03 ml min−1 kg−1. Following an IV bolus of 10 and 100 μg/kg the administered Al was recovered completely from urine (94.4%±9.9% and 98.5%±3.2%). Twenty-nine days after the IV dose of 1000 μg/kg daily renal excretion decreased to baseline values while only 55.1%±8.0% of the dose was excreted. Nineteen days after the single IV dose of 1000 μg/kg Al accumulated in liver (28.1±7.7 versus 1.7±0.5 μg/g of control rats) and spleen (72.5±21.1 versus 〈0.4 μg/g). After the single 1000 μg/kg IG dose no absorption of Al was detectable. The IG dose of 12000 μg/kg resulted in a maximum blood Al level of 47.9±12.4 μg/l after 50 min. The blood concentration time curve fitted a one-compartment open model with a half-life of absorption of 28.2±3.6 min and a t1/2β of 81.2±20.2 min. Cumulative renal Al excretion was 0.18%±0.10% of the dose and oral bioavailability was 0.02%. Seventeen days after the 12000 μg/kg IG dose the Al content in femur samples was increased (2.7±1.3 versus 0.6±0.4 μg/g). In no case was fecal elimination of incorporated Al observed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01972620
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification of an autonomously replicating sequence near a histone gene of Physarum polycephalum (1986)
    Springer
    Current genetics 10 (1986), S. 459-462 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Ars sequence ; Histone gene ; Replication origin ; Physarum polycephalum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Fragments of DNA with function as autonomous replication sequences in yeast were cloned from Physarum polycephalum. The ars activity is located in a 1.2 kbp fragment extanding 1.5 kbp to 2.7 kbp upstream of the 5′ end of a histone H4 gene. Our recent finding that a replication origin is located at a distance less than 3 kbp of this histone gene suggests that the ars element identified coincides with a specialized replication origin and can be used to direct chromosome replication in Physarum polycephalum.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00419874
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of haemodialysis and renal transplantation on trace element concentrations in children with chronic renal failure (1986)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 145 (1986), S. 372-376 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Trace elements ; Haemodialysis ; Renal transplantation ; Atomic absorption spectroscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Whole blood levels of Cd and Pb (μg/g Hb), serum concentrations of Sr and Zn and their urinary excretion were measured in healthy, renal transplant and dialyzed children by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Furthermore, before and after dialysis the concentrations of these elements were determined in blood/serum as well as in the dialysis fluid. The predialytic concentrations of Cd, Pb and Sr in blood/serum were significantly increased compared to controls. Haemodialysis had only minor effects on whole blood Cd and Pb levels but serum Sr and Zn concentrations increased as a result of high metal levels in dialysis fluid. Children after renal transplantation showed no alterations in Pb, Sr and Zn concentrations compared to healthy children but whole blood Cd was increased. According to the renal function the Pb, Cd and Zn urinary excretion decreased in the following order: healthy, renal transplant and dialysis children. Sr urinary excretion was increased in haemodialysis and renal transplant patients. In conclusion, we found no Zn deficiency. Elevated blood levels of Cd and Pb and elevated Sr serum concentrations in paediatric patients undergoing dialysis and increased Cd whole blood levels in renal transplant children could be of clinical interest.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00439241
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hair zinc of young children from rural and urban areas in North Rhine-Westphalia, Federal Republic of Germany (1988)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 147 (1988), S. 179-183 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Zinc ; Hair ; North Rhine-Westphalia ; Atomic absorption spectrophotometry ; Children
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Hair zinc levels were estimated by atomic absorption spectrophotometry in 474 children, aged 3–7 years, from 11 kindergartens in a highly industrialized and polluted area (Duisburg) and 8 kindergartens in a rural area of North Rhine-Westphalia. The mean hair zinc level amounted to 118 μg/g, increasing between the 4th and 7th year of life. At all ages the values from the urban toddlers were lower than from rural toddlers, and in both regions they were higher in winter than in summer. Children with frequent upper respiratory tract infections (〉6 infections/year) showed significantly lower zinc hair values, independent of their age. Low hair zinc values (below 70 μg/g) were frequently found, raising the question as to whether this is a normal, age-related phenomenon, or whether it indicates a suboptimal zinc status of young children from North Rhine-Westphalia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00442218
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neuron-specific enolase-like immunoreactivity in the vertebrate retina: selective labelling of Müller cells in Anura (1992)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 98 (1992), S. 243-252 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Neuron-specific enolase (NSE) immunocytochemistry was carried out in retinae of goldfish, axolotl, clawed frog, cane toad, lizard, chick, guinea-pig, rabbit, rat, cat and human. With the exception of Anura, strong immunoreactivity was seen in the large ganglion, amacrine cells and horizontal cells of the retina in all of the other species. Photoreceptors were found to be labelled in the rat and human retina and only one cone type in rabbit. Photoreceptor pedicles and ellipsoids were stained in the goldfish and the somata and inner segments of some photoreceptors in axolotl. In the axolotl retina, besides neurons, Müller cells (MCs) were also immunolabelled. In the retina of the cane toad and the clawed frog MCs were the only stained elements. Similarly in other parts of the central nervous system of the cane toad, glial elements of the optic tectum and spinal cord were immunoreactive. In contrast, in the peripheral nervous system, neurons of the 1st sympathetic ganglion and the 2nd dorsal root ganglion were labelled. In double-labelling experiments, glial fibrillary acidic protein and NSE showed colocalisation both in the glial elements of the optic tectum and spinal cord and in MCs of the retina of the cane toad.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00271038
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Serum aluminium levels of intensive care patients treated with two different antacids for prevention of stress ulceration (1989)
    Springer
    Intensive care medicine 15 (1989), S. 84-86 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Aluminium absorption ; Hyperaluminaemia ; Antacids ; Renal failure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We studied the serum aluminium levels of 30 intensive care patients receiving six daily doses of magaldrate (Riopan®) or aluminium hydroxide (Trigastril®). In both groups we found a significant rise of the serum aluminium concentration (p〈0.01) following administration of the antacid solutions. Examination on day 9 and 15 the magaldrate group showed significantly (p〈0.05) lower aluminium levels than the aluminium hydroxide group. An increase up to the critical serum aluminium level of 100 ng/ml occurred in none of the patients that all had normal or slightly impaired renal function. Therefore routine measurements of serum aluminium levels in patients without renal impairment are not considered necessary following antacid therapy. However, we recommend the use of antacids with an aluminium absorption rate as low as possible.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00295982
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