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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Cytokeratin ; Glial fibrillary acidic protein ; Choroid plexus ; Choroid plexus papilloma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Cellular localization of cytokeratin and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) was examined in two normal choroid plexuses and five choroid plexus papillomas by the peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) method and double immunofluorescence (IFL) microscopy. Cytokeratin was observed in the majority of epithelial cells in all samples of normal and neoplastic choroid plexuses. On the other hand, GFAP was observed in some of the constituent epithelial cells in two cases of papilloma. Most of these GFAP-positive papilloma cells were simultaneously positive for cytokeratin, as could be seen by the PAP stainings of serial sections and by the double IFL stainings of the same sections. From these findings, it was suggested that normal and neoplastic choroid plexus epithel cells usually express cytokeratin and that some of the neoplastic cells can simultaneously express boty cytokeratin and GFAP.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Glioma ; Tissue culture ; DNA ploidy ; Morphology ; Established cell lines
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Eleven gliomas were serially cultivated and examined for DNA distribution by flow cytometry and simultaneously for morphological features by light microscopy at the various passage levels until passage 50 at most. Seven gliomas (four low-grade gliomas, three anaplastic gliomas) showed a similar DNA distribution pattern with a main diploid and small tetraploid peaks at various passages. In this group, only one culture formed a permanent cell line, whereas six cultures showed a limited growth ranging from 6 to 24 passages. In contrast, the other four gliomas (each an anaplastic glioma) showed a marked change of DNA distribution through passages and finally a single DNA aneuploid population prospered. Each of these four gliomas yielded established cell lines. Thus, it is suggested that the change of DNA ploidy and prosperity of DNA aneuploid populations in flow cytometry might be used as early and reliable indices for the later establishment of glioma-derived permanent cell lines. Since the changes of DNA distribution are frequently associated with the morphological changes, as seen in the latter group, careful tracing of morphological features is valuable in determining of the fate of cultures, especially in the absence of a flow cytometer. The correlation between the potential to become established cell lines and histology of the original gliomas is also discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 74 (1987), S. 307-312 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Ganglioglioma ; Neuronal degeneration ; Ultrastructure ; Brain stem ; Brain tumor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A brain stem ganglioglioma in a 9-year-old female was examined ultrastructurally. The constituent neuronal (ganglion) cells displayed various ultrastructural features of neuronal degeneration including Hirano, Lafora and zebra bodies, inclusion-like aggregates of neurofilaments and large dilatations of rough endoplasmic reticulum. Although similar observations have been reported in peripheral neuronal tumors, this is the first reported occurrence in ganglioglioma, an uncommon tumor in the central nervous system. The coincidence of these alterations in the present tumor appeared to be of great interest, however, their exact etiology remained uncertain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Gangliocytoma ; Ganglioglioma ; Ultrastructure ; Immunohistochemistry ; Neuroendocrine markers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We studied five cases of central nervous system neuronal tumor, one gangliocytoma and four gangliogliomas, both ultrastructurally and immuno-histochemically, using antibodies to neuroendocrine markers including tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), serotonin (5HT), somatostatin (SOM), met-enkephalin (MEK), leu-enkephalin (LEK), substance P (SP), gastrin, vasopressin, oxytocin, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, adrenocorticotropic hormone and calcitonin. In all cases, the presence of dense-core vesicles (60–250 nm) in the neuronal elements was the characteristic ultrastructural finding. Synapses were observed in two cases. Immunohistochemically, variable numbers of neuronal cells showed positive staining for SOM in five cases, TH, MEK and LEK in three cases, and 5HT and SP in one case each. The others were negative. Positive immunoreactivity for multiple markers was shown in all cases. SOM, TH, 5HT and SP were present in the small- to medium-sized cells, while MEK and LEK were almost exclusively confined to the large cells. Our study clearly indicated that these tumors contained neuronal cells which were not homogeneous with regard to neuroendocrine markers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 45 (1989), S. 1776-1778 
    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Non-monosynaptic Ia excitation ; Spinal interneurones ; Quadriceps ; Ankle flexors ; Man
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The neuronal pathway of the facilitation of quadriceps (Q) motoneurones (MNs) evoked by stimulation of the common peroneal nerve (CPN) has been reinvestigated using both the post-stimulus time histogram (PSTH) method for measurement of the firing probability of individual units and the H reflex technique. It has been found that Ia (and to an unknown extent Ib) afferents from pretibial flexors — but not from peroneal muscles — are responsible for this excitation. The central latency of the CPN-induced excitation of Q MNs was estimated to be 3–3.7 ms longer than that of their monosynaptic Ia excitation. To further investigate the neuronal pathway of the CPN-induced excitation the spatial facilitation technique was used, the effects on the Q H reflex of two conditioning stimuli (applied to the CPN and the femoral nerve — FN) being compared when applied separately and together. When the two conditioning volleys were timed to reach the spinal cord simultaneously the facilitation of the H reflex on combined stimulation was larger than the algebraic sum of the effects by separate stimuli in 40% of the cases. It is argued that this additional facilitation reflects summation at a premotoneuronal level and it is concluded that non-monosynaptic Ia excitation of Q MNs from Q and pretibial flexors is, at least partly, mediated through a common pathway. In those individual units in which stimulation of the FN and/or the CPN evoked a non-monosynaptic Ia excitation, this excitation was reduced on combined stimulation of the two nerves. It is argued that this reflects inhibition of the interneurones mediating the excitation, i.e. consists in a disfacilitation of the MNs. It is suggested that the non-monosynaptic (homonymous and heteronymous) Ia excitation of Q MNs in man (and the inhibition of this excitation) is mediated through a system of neurones similar to the system recently described in the cat by Edgley and Jankowska (1987).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Reciprocal facilitation ; Reciprocal inhibition ; Parkinson's disease ; Supraspinal control ; Movement initiation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Reciprocal innervation of the soleus motoneurones upon initiation of voluntary ankle dorsiflexion was investigated in eight patients with Parkinson's disease. H-reflex and visually guided step tracking methods were used for testing moto-neurone excitability and for controlling the timing of movement initiation, respectively. While reciprocal inhibition appeared almost simultaneously with the agonist electromyographic (EMG) onset in normal subjects (Kagamihara and Tanaka 1985), facilitation appeared in the majority of patients under the same onset condition. It increased slowly, reaching a maximum at about 100 ms after the EMG onset. It then subsided slowly at around 200–300 ms, and was replaced thereafter by an inhibitory effect. No coactivation of the soleus muscle was detected electromyographically. The facilitation between the EMG onset and the onset of mechanical contraction was attributed to the direct effect of the descending command from the brain, suggesting a certain disorder in controlling the system for reciprocal innervation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 22 (1987), S. 1901-1907 
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Strengthening mechanisms of nickel-base superalloys have been discussed with the background of the Japanese research and development activities in this field. As candidates for materials of intermediate heat exchangers which will be used for a future programme of nuclear steelmaking systems, two kinds of alloys have successfully been developed in Japan. The designs of these alloys have been reviewed from metallurgical aspects including their composition and creep properties. In addition to the conventional methods to strengthen these alloys, such as solid solution hardening or particle precipitation hardening, a grain-boundary precipitation strengthening due to tungsten-rich α2 phase in the Ni-Cr-W system, would be expected as a further advanced method.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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