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  • 1980-1984  (11)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Heat Storage in Aquifers Analyzed by the Finite Element Method (1982)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 20 (1982), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: In the design of ground-water heat pump systems the quantitative analysis of heat transport and heat storage is of great interest. A unified finite element approach to the transient nonlinear heat transport and heat storage problem is presented. The theory presented includes nonlinear physical properties and boundary conditions, coupled conductive and convective heat flow, freezing (phase change), and time-dependent heat input and output. The given theory is applied to two problems. The first problem is a transient study during a few years of heat storage in saturated clay. A pure conductive theory is used due to the small amount of convective water flow in clay. The second problem deals with transient heat transport in an aquifer according to coupled conduction-convection theory on a one-dimensional model problem.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1982.tb02747.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Erzeugung und Nachweis des Silaethens Me2Si=C(SiMe3)2: Thermischer Zerfall von (Me3Si)2(Me2XSi)Cli (X z. B. Hal, OR, SR) (1981)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 114 (1981), S. 3505-3517 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Generation and Evidence of the Silaethene Me2Si=C(SiMe3)2: Thermolysis of (Me3Si)2(Me2XSi)CLi (X e. g. Hal, OR, SR)Thermal decomposition of Me2Xsi—CLi(SiMe3)2 (1,LiX) in deithyl ether at - 102 to 10°C leads under intramolecular LiX-elimination (X = Hal, TosO, Ph2POn, PhS) to 1,3-disilacyclobutane [Me2Si—C(SiMe3)2]2. (2). The reactive intermediate product is the silaethene Me2Si=C(SiMe3)2 (1) the intermediate formation of which has been established by the determination of reaction rates and order and also through chemical means by trapping 1 with 2, 3-dimethyl-1,3-butadiene. In the last case a [2 + 4]-cycloadduct as well as an ene-reaction product is formed. The speed of intramolecular LiX-elimination from 1,LiX decreases in the order: 1, LiOTos 〉 1,LiCL 〉 1,LiBr 〉 1,Lil 〉 1,Ph2PO4Li 〉 1,LiSPh ≍ 1,LiF 〉 1,Ph2PO2Li.
    Notes: Der thermische Zerfall von Me2XSi—CLi(SiMe3)2 (1,LiX) führt in Diethylether bei -102 bis 10°C unter intramolekularer LiX-Eliminierung (X = Hal, TosO, Ph2POn, PhS) zum 1,3-Disilacyclobutan [Me2Si—C(SiMe3)2]2 (2). Reaktives Zwischenprodukt ist das Silaethen Me2Si=C(SiMe3)2 (1), dessen intermediäre Bildung auf kinetischem Wege durch Bestimmung von Reaktionsordnung und -geschwindigkeit der Eliminierungsreaktion sowie auf chemischem Wege durch Abfangen von 1 mit 2,3-Dimethyl-1,3-butadien wahrscheinlich gemacht werden konnte. In letzterem Falle entsteht ein [2 + 4]-Cycloaddukt sowie ein En-Reaktionsprodukt. Die Geschwindigkeit der intramolekularen LiX-Eliminierung aus 1, LiX nimmt in der Richtung 1,LiOTos 〉 1,LiCL 〉 1,LiBr 〉 1,Lil 〉 1,Ph2PO4Li 〉 1,LiSPh ≍ 1,LiF 〉 1,Ph2PO2Li ab.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19811141105
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Darstellung silylierter Lithium-tetrazenide (1981)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 114 (1981), S. 2658-2660 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Preparation of Silylated Lithium TetrazenidesReaction of butyllithium with tris- or bis(trimethylsilyl)tetrazene, (Me3Si)3N4H or (Me3Si)2N4H2, lead to tetrazenides 1-3 which are sensitive in hydrolysis and thermolysis as well as against oxygen. Reactions (1)-(6) refer to their modes of thermolysis.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19811140730
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vierfach substituierte Tetrazene (Me3E)2N—N=N—N(EMe3)2 (E=Si, Ge, Sn): Reaktivität (1980)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 113 (1980), S. 2916-2927 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Tetrasubstituted Tetrazenes (Me3E)2N—N=N—N(EMe3)2 (E=Si, Ge, Sn): ReactivityBy Substitution of the silyl, germyl, or stannyl groups, (Me3Si)2N—N=N—N(SiMe3)2 (1) reacts with variable amounts of trifluoroacetic acid to form (Me3Si)4-nN4Hn, (Me3Ge)2N—N=N—N(GeMe)2 (2) with variable amounts of methanol to form (Me3Ge)4-nN4Hn, and (Me3Sn)2N—N=N—N(SnMe3)2 (3) with variable amounts of trimethylchlorosilane to give (Me3Sn)4-nN4(SiMe3)n (n = 1-4). The reaction of 1 with benzenesulfonyl isocyanate leads by substitution and cyclization to silylated 5-hydroxytetrazole 12. Substitution in connection with thermolysis of the substitution products formed is found in the reaction of 1 with methanol, aluminium chloride, or nitrosyl chloride and in the reaction of 3 with trimethylstannane, acetone, or nitrosobenzene. By oxidation of 1 with chlorine, bromine, or p-benzoquinone and of 3 with p-benzoquinone or oxygen, all tetrazene nitrogen is evolved. The reduction of 1 with hydrogen or alkali metals leads to nitrogen and (Me3Si)2NH or (Me3Si)2NM.
    Notes: Unter Substitution der Silyl-, Germyl- bzw. Stannylgruppen reagieren (Me3Si)2 N—N=N—N-(SiMe3)2 (1) mit variablen Mengen Trifluoressigsäure zu (Me3Si)4-nN4Hn, (Me3Ge)2 N—N=N—N-(GeMe3)2 (2) mit variablen Mengen Methanol zu (Me3Ge)4-nN4Hn und (Me3Sn)2 N—N=N—N-(SnMe3)2 (3) mit variablen Mengen Trimethylchlorsilan zu (Me3Sn)4-nN4 (SiMe3)n (n = 1-4). Die Reaktion von 1 mit Benzolsulfonylisocyanat führt unter Substitution und Cyclisierung zu einem silylierten 5-Hydroxytetrazol 12. Substitution, verbunden mit einer Thermolyse des gebildeten Substitutionsproduktes, wird im Falle der Umsetzung von 1 mit Methanol, Aluminiumchlorid und Nitrosylchlorid bzw. von 3 mit Trimethylstannan, Aceton und Nitrosobenzol beobachtet. Durch Oxidation von 1 mit Chlor, Brom und p-Benzochinon bzw. von 3 mit p-Benzochinon und Sauerstoff wird der gesamte Tetrazenstickstoff freigesetzt. Die Reduktion von 1 mit Wasserstoff bzw. Alkalimetallen M führt zu Stickstoff sowie (Me3Si)2NH bzw. (Me3Si)2NM.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19801130909
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reaktivität des Silaethens Me2Si=C(SiMe3)2: Thermolyse von (Me3Si)2(Me2XSi)CLi (X z. B. (PhO)2PO2) in Anwesenheit von Silaethen-Fängern (1981)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 114 (1981), S. 3518-3532 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Reactivity of the Silaethene Me2Si=C(SiMe3)2: Thermolysis of (Me3Si)2(Me2XSi)CLi (X e. g. (PhO)2PO2) in the Presence of Silaethene Trapping ReagentsSilaethene Me2Si=C(SiMe32 (1), generated as a reaction intermediate by the thermal elimination of LiX from Me2XSi—CLi(SiMe3)2, combines with the reactants a-b (e. g. Me3Si—Cl, Me3Si—OMe) with insertion in the a-b bond, with a = b-c-H (e. g. CH2=CMe—CH2—H) under ene-reaction and with (e. g. CH2=CR—CR=CH2, O=N=N, Ph2C=NSiMe3, Me3SiN=NSiMe3, PhC=N) under [2 +4]-, [2 + 3]- [2 + 2]- as well as [2 + 2 + 2]-Cycloaddition. Some of the cycloadducts, so obtained, are thermolabile and decompose under cycloreversion, which may lead to the formation of 1 and also to Me2Si=NSiMe3. The following order of relative reactivity of 1-trapping reagents has been found (formation of 1 at -10°C): Me3Si—NMe2 Me3Si—Cl 〈 PhC≡N 〈 1,3-butadien 〈 2.3-Dimethyl-1,3-butadien ≍ isobuten 〈 Me3Si—OMe 〈 Ph2C=NSiMe3 〈 PhN=NPh 〈 Me3SiN=NSin=NSiMe3 ≪ Ph2C=O, Me3SiN=N=N.
    Notes: Das durch thermische LiX-Eliminierung aus Me2XSi—CLi(SiMe3)2 als Reaktionszwischenstufe erzeugbare Silaethen Me2Si=C(SiMe3)2 (1) reagiert mit Reaktanden a-b (z. B. Me3Si—Cl, Me3Si-OMe) unter Insertion in die a-b-Bindung, mit a = b-c-H (z. B. CH2 CMe—CH2—H) unter En-Reaktion und mit (z. B. CH2=CR—CR=CH2, O=N=N, Ph2C=NSiMe3, Me3SiN=NSiMe3, PhC≡N) unter [2 +4]-, [2+3]-[2 + 2]- sowie [2 + 2 + 2]-Cycloaddition ab. Die erhaltenen Cycloaddukte sind zum Teil thermolabil und zerfallen unter Cycloreversion u. a. unter Bildung von 1 sowie auch Me2Si=NSiMe3. Folgende Reihe relativer Reaktivitäten von 1-Fängern wurde gefunden (Erzeugung von 1 bei -10°C): Me3Si—NMe2 Me3Si—Cl 〈 PhC≡N 〈 1,3-Butadien 〈 2,3-Dimethyl-1,3-butadien ≍ Isobuten 〈 Me3Si—OMe 〈 Ph2C=NSiMe3 〈 PhN=NPh 〈 Me3SiN=NSiMe3 ≪ Ph2C=O, Me3Sin=N=N.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19811141106
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Auf dem Wege zum Silaethen Me2Si=C(SiMe3)21): Trisilylierte Methane (Me3Si)2(Me2XSi)CY (X z. B. Hal, RO, RS; Y z. B. Br, Li) (1981)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 114 (1981), S. 2087-2103 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: On the Way to Silaethene Me2Si=C(SiMe3)21): Trisilylated Methanes (Me3Si)2(Me2XSi)CY (X = e.g. Hal, RO, RS; Y e. g. Br, Li)Bromotrisilylmethanes (Me3Si)2(me2XSi)CBr (1-15) are formed as a result of the reaction of (Me3Si)2(Me2PhSi)CBr (16) with iodine monochloride, bromine and iodine (X = Cl, Br, I) respectively, and also through the reaction of (Me3Si)2(Me2BrSi)CBr (1) with AgX (X = F, p-TolSO2, p-TolSO3, MesSO3, Ph2PO2, Ph2PO3, Ph2PO4) or MX (M = H, Li, Na; X = HO, RO, RS, Bu Ph). Butyl- as well as phenyllithium convert bromotrisilylmethanes 1-16 at low temperatures into lithium derivatives (Me3Si)2(Me2XSi)CLi (1a-16a). These are in some cases (X = R, RO) thermostable, whereas, in other cases, they decompose more or less readily under LiX elimination and lead (in many cases via silaethene Me2Si=C(SiMe3)2) to the disilacyclobutane derivative [Me2Si-C(SiMe3)2]2 (17). Acids HZ (e.g. HCl, HOMe, Me3CBr) protonate the lithium compounds into (Me3Si)2(Me2XSi)CH as well as (Me3Si)2(Me2ZSi)CH. Butyl bromide converts the more stable lithium compounds (Me3Si)2(Me2XSi)CLi (X = R, RO, F, Ph2POn) into butyl derivatives (Me3Si)2(Me2XSi)CBu.
    Notes: Bromtrisilylmethane (Me3Si)2(Me2XSi)CBr (1-15) entstehen durch Reaktion von (Me3Si)2-(Me2PhSi)CBr (16) mit Iodchlorid, Brom bzw. Iod (X = Cl, Br, I) sowie durch Reaktion von (Me2Si)2(Me2BrSi)CBr (1) mit AgX (X = F, p-TolSo2,p-TolSo3 MesSO3, Ph2PO2, Ph2PO3, Ph2PO4) oder MX (M = H, Li, Na; X = HO, RO, RS, Bu, Ph). Butyl- bzw. Phenyllithium vermag die Bromtrisilylmethane 1-16 bei tiefen Temperaturen in Lithiumverbindungen (Me3Si)2-(Me2XSi)CLi (1a-16a) überzuführen. Diese sind zum Teil thermostabil (X = R, RO); Zum Teil zerfallen sie mehr oder weniger rasch unter LiX-Eliminierung (in vielen Fällen über das Silaethen Me2Si=C(SiMe3)2) in das Disilacyclobutanderivat [Me2Si—C(SiMe3)2]2 (17). Säuren HZ (z. B. HC1, HOMe, Me3CBr) protolysieren die Lithiumverbindungen unter Bildung von (Me3Si)2(Me2XSi)CH bzw. (Me3Si)2(Me2ZSi)CH. Butylbromid führt die thermostabileren Lithiumverbindungen (Me3Si)2(Me2XSi)CLi (X = R, RO, F, Ph2POn) in Butylverbindungen (Me3Si)2 (Me2XSi)CBu über.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19811140610
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Teilsubstituierte Tetrazene (Me3E)nN4H4 - n (E = Si, Ge, Sn): Darstellung, Charakterisierung und Thermolyse (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 117 (1984), S. 2886-2899 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Partially Substituted Tetrazenes (Me3E)nN4H4 - n (E = Si, Ge, Sn): Preparation, Characterization, and Thermolysis1)Partially substituted tetrazenes (Me3E)nN4H4 - n (E = Si, Ge, Sn) can be prepared by protolysis of higher substituted tetrazenes (Me3E)oN4H4 - o (O 〉 n) or by silylation, germylation, or stannylation of lower substituted tetrazenes (Me3E)mN4H4 - m (m 〈 n). The obtained tetrazenes (Tab. 1) are colorless compounds; they have 2-tetrazene constitution, and trans-tetrazene configuration. The tetrazene (Me3Si)2N  -  N = N  -  NHX (X = H or GeMe3) isomerize by heating in dilute solution into (Me3Si)XN  -  N = N  -  NH(SiMe3). The thermolysis of (Me3Si)2N  -  N = N  -  NH(SiMe3) leads mainly to Me3SiN3 and (Me3Si)2NH (t140°C1/2140°C = 3/4 h), of (Me3Si)2N  -  N = NH2 to Me3SiN3 and Me3SiNH2 (concentrated solution; t140°C1/240°C ca. 1/4 h), and of (Me3Si)HN  -  N = N  -  NH(SiMe3) to N2 and (Me3Si)2N  -  NH2 (dilute solution; t140°C1/2140°C 〉 1 h) or to NH3 and (Me3Si)2NH (concentrated solution; t140°C1/2 〈 1 h).
    Notes: Teilsubstituierte Tetrazene (Me3E)nN4H4 - n (E = Si, Ge, Sn) können durch Protolyse höher substituierter Tetrazene (Me3E)oN4H4 - o (O 〉 n) oder durch Silylierung, Germylierung bzw. Stannylierung niedriger substituierter Tetrazene (Me3E)mN4H4 - m (m 〈 n) dargestellt werden. Die gewonnenen Tetrazene (Tab 1) sind farblose Verbindungen: sie haben 2-Tetrazen-Konstitution und trans-Tetrazen-Konfiguration. Die Tetrazene (Me3Si)2N  -  N = N  -  NHX (X = H oder GeMe3) isomerisieren sich in verdünnter Lösung beim Erhitzen in (Me3Si)XN  -  N = N  -  NH(SiMe3). Die Haupttermolyse von (Me3Si)2N  -  N = N  -  NH(SiMe3) führt zu Me3SiN3 und (Me3Si)2NH (t140°C1/2140°C = 3/4 h), von (Me3Si)2 (Me3Si)2N  -  N = NH2 zu Me3SiN3 und Me3SiNH2 (konzentrierte Lösung; t140°C1/240°C ca. 1/4 h) und von (Me3Si)HN  -  N = N  -  NH(SiMe3) zu N2 und (Me3Si)2N  -  NH2 (verdünnte Lösung; t140°C1/2140°C 〉 1 h) oder zu NH3t140°C und (Me3Si)2NH (Konzentrierte Lösung; t140°C1/2140°C 〈 1 h).
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19841170910
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ein neuartiges stabiles SilaethenProfessor Ernst Otto Fischer zum 65. Geburtstag gewidmet55. Mitteilung über Verbindungen des Siliciums. Diese Arbeit wurde von der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft unterstützt.  -  54. Mitteilung: Siehe [2]. (1983)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 95 (1983), S. 1027-1028 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19830951234
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Novel Stable SilaetheneCompounds of Silicon, Part 55. This work was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft. - Part 54: See [2].Dedicated to Professor Ernst Otto Fischer on the occasion of his 65th birthday (1983)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 22 (1983), S. 1005-1006 
    Details
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.198310051
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    1,3-Bis(tri-tert-butylsilyl)triazeneSilicon Compounds, Part 56. - Part 55. N. Wiberg, G. Wagner, Angew. Chem. 95 (1983) 1027; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 22 (1983) 1005. (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 23 (1984), S. 59-60 
    Details
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.198400591
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