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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 52 (1974), S. 595-598 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Human serum albumin ; incompatibility reactions ; volume replacement ; Humanalbumin ; Unverträglichkeitsreaktionenen ; Volumenersatz
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung 16 Fälle von teilweise dramatischen Unverträglichkeitsreationen nach Humanalbumininfusionen wurden untersucht. Die Reaktionen manifestierten sich als Fieberanstiege, Schüttelfrost, urticarielle Exantheme und Blutdruckschwankungen bis zum Schock. Sie waren durch Prednisolon günstig zu beeinflussen und klangen nach Absetzen der Humanalbumininfusionen restlos ab. Im zeitlichen Auftreten ließ sich eine Früh- von einer Spätreaktion unterscheiden, wobei die Konzentration des verwendeten Humanalbumins eine Rolle zu spielen schien. Frühreaktionen wurden bevorzugt durch 20%iges, Spätreaktionen immer durch 5%iges Humanalbumin hervorgerufen. Als auslösender Faktor konnten Verunreinigungen der verwendeten Infusionslösungen ausgeschlossen werden. Die Ergebnisse von Intrakutantestungen, Antigeneliminationstechnik, sowie der Nachweis von präzipitierenden Antikörpern gegen Makroaggregate des Albumin-Ultrazentrifugats sprechen dafür, daß eine immunologische Reaktion pathogenetisch von Bedeutung sein könnte. Möglicherweise läßt sich durch Applikation eines desaggregierten Humanalbumins das Risiko von Unverträglichkeitsreaktionen auch bei Gabe großer Humanalbuminmengen an allergisch disponierte Patienten verringern.
    Notes: Summary 16 cases of clinical incompatibility reactions due to human serum albumin (HSA) were recorded. The reactions consisted in increases in body temperature, sometimes together with shivering, urticarial exanthema and blood pressure changes as far as shock. They responded well to prednisolone application and disappeared completely after discontinuing the albumin-therapy. Regarding the onset in time, “early” (1 hour) and “late” (3 days) reactions could be distinguished; early reactions were mostly caused by 20%, late reactions by 5% albumin solutions. Pollutions of the administered HSA-batches could be excluded as an etiologic factor. The results of skin tests, antigen-elimination technique as well as the demonstration of precipitating antibodies directed against the concentrated macroaggregates of the albumin ultracentrifugation sediment suggest a pathogenetic influence of immunological reactions. Ultracentrifugation of the albumin prior to the administration might possibly reduce the risk of incompatibility reactions after high dose application in hyperreactive patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 51 (1973), S. 487-493 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Antilymphocytic globulin ; immunosuppression ; side-effects ; serum sickness ; Antilymphocytenglobulin ; Immunsuppression ; Nebenwirkungen ; Serumkrankheit
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei 127 mit ALG vom Pferd behandelten Patienten wurden die möglichen hämatologischen und klinischen Nebenwirkungen erfaßt, ihre prophylaktische Verhinderung und therapeutische Beherrschung geschildert. Durch Anwendung eines exakten Therapieschemas in Kombination mit Azathioprine und Corticosteroiden nach sorgfältiger Patientenauswahl und versuchter Erzeugung einer immunologischen Toleranz gegen Pferde-IgG, ließen sich Häufigkeit und Intensität von Nebenreaktionen signifikant verringern. Dies wird im Vergleich zweier Patientengruppen gezeigt. Die für die Auslösung der Nebenreaktionen verantwortlichen pathogenen Faktoren werden erörtert. Da prinzipiell unvermeidbare, lebensbedrohende Nebenwirkungen bisher nicht aufgetreten sind, wird die Frage nach der ärztlichen Verantwortbarkeit einer ALG-Therapie bejaht, jedoch sorgfältige klinische, klinisch-chemische und immunologische Überwachung gefordert.
    Notes: Summary In 127 patients treated with horse anti-human lymphocytic globulin (ALG) the possible haematological and clinical side effects, their prevention and treatment were recorded. Frequency and intensity of side reactions can be reduced significantly by the application of a strict therapy schedule in combination with azathioprine and corticosteroids, careful selection of patients and induction of immunological tolerance against horse-IgG. This is shown when comparing the two groups of patients. The pathogenic factors of the side-reactions are discussed. Because principally unavoidable, life-threatening side effects have not been observed, the answer to the question of the ethical justification of ALG therapy is positive. Careful clinical, biochemical and immunological controls are postulated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology 19 (2005), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1468-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes:   Topical Calcineurin Inhibitors (TCIs) used for the treatment of atopic eczema modify the immune regulatory function of the skin and may have the potential to enhance immunosuppressive ultraviolet (UV) effects. Current recommendations on UV protection in eczema patients treated with PCIs are inconsistent and have given rise to uncertainty and anxiety in patients. Therefore, the European Dermatology Forum (EDF) developed a position statement which reviews critically the available data with regard to the problem, especially analysing and commenting the limitations of rodent models for the human situation. There is no conclusive evidence from rodent trials to indicate that long-term application of TCIs is photococarcinogenic. There is a need for further studies to investigate the validity of mouse models as well as long-term cohort studies in patients using TCIs. Available data suggest that long-term application of TCIs is safe, that there is no evidence of increased skin cancer risk and that it is ethical to treat patients with TCIs when indicated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology 19 (2005), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1468-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology 19 (2005), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1468-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The diagnosis of atopic dermatitis (AD) is made using evaluated clinical criteria. Management of AD must consider the symptomatic variability of the disease. It is based on hydrating topical treatment, and avoidance of specific and unspecific provocation factors. Anti-inflammatory treatment is used for exacerbation management. Topical corticosteroids remain the first choice. Systemic anti-inflammatory treatment should be kept to a minimum, but may be necessary in rare refractory cases. The new topical calcineurin inhibitors (tacrolimus and pimecrolimus) expand the available choices of topical anti-inflammatory treatment. Microbial colonization and superinfection (e.g. with Staphylococcus aureus, Malassezia furfur) can have a role in disease exacerbation and can justify the use of antimicrobials in addition to the anti-inflammatory treatment. Evidence for the efficacy of systemic antihistamines in relieving pruritus is still insufficient, but some patients seem to benefit. Adjuvant therapy includes ultraviolet (UV) irradiation preferably of UVA wavelength; UVB 311 nm has also been used successfully. Dietary recommendations should be specific and only given in diagnosed individual food allergy. Stress-induced exacerbations may make psychosomatic counselling recommendable. ‘Eczema school’ educational programmes have proved to be helpful.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology 19 (2005), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1468-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Scleredema adultorum is a rare connective tissue disorder of unknown cause. Both bath-PUVA and cream-PUVA therapy were reported to be effective. We describe a patient with scleredema adultorum who showed a striking clinical improvement with a medium-dose UVA1 phototherapy (single dose, 50 J/cm2; 35 treatments).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 249 (1974), S. 776-776 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Two different series of experiments were performed, using altogether 65 white male colony-bred Sprague-Dawley rats, weighing 250 g. All animals were grafted with skin from black inbred BD-6 rats. In the first series, animals were fed 1 ml ALS daily, until graft rejection was completed and controls ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background Influences of microbial pathogens are crucial for the maturation of the immune system. Caspase-recruitment domain containing protein 15 (CARD15) is a cytosolic receptor involved in bacterial recognition by antigen-presenting cells. CARD15 polymorphisms have been associated with Crohn's disease. Recently, associations with atopic phenotypes have been reported in children.Objective Within a large population of German adults (n=1875), we evaluated eight CARD15 polymorphisms for associations with atopic phenotypes.Methods Subjects were phenotyped by standardized questionnaires and interviews as well as total and allergen-specific IgE measurements. Genotyping was performed using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization – time of flight mass spectrometry. Haplotypes were estimated using the SAS/Genetics module.Results Subjects with a T allele at rs1077861 had a decreased risk of developing asthma (odds ratio OR=0.648, P=0.013), whereas the presence of an A allele at rs3135500 was significantly associated with an increased risk (OR=1.374, P=0.023). In addition, a CARD15 haplotype revealed to be protective against the development of asthma (OR=0.326, P=0.003). Subjects with an A allele at position rs5743266 or a T allele at rs2066842 had a significantly decreased risk of developing allergic rhinoconjunctivitis with ORs of 0.820 (P=0.049) and 0.801 (P=0.025). Polymorphism rs2066845 showed a significant association with increased total serum IgE (OR=2.155, P=0.006).Conclusion Genetic variants of CARD15 that might result in inappropriate immunomodulation are not only associated with autoimmune diseases but also with atopic disorders.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: All iodinated contrast media (CM) are known to cause both immediate (≤1 h) and nonimmediate (〉1 h) hypersensitivity reactions. Although for most immediate reactions an allergic hypersensitivity cannot be demonstrated, recent studies indicate that the severe immediate reactions may be IgE-mediated, while most of the nonimmediate exanthematous skin reactions, appear to be T-cell mediated. Patients who experience such hypersensitivity reactions are therefore advised to undergo an allergologic evaluation. Several investigators have found skin testing to be useful in confirming a CM allergy, especially in patients with nonimmediate skin eruptions. If a patient with confirmed allergy to a CM needs a new CM exposure, a skin test negative CM should be chosen and premedication may be tried. However, none of these precautional measures is a guarantee against a repeat reaction. More research focusing on pathomechanisms, diagnostic testing and premedication is therefore clearly needed in order to prevent CM-induced hypersensitivity reactions in the future.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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