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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Beeinflussung von Enzymaktivitäten in menschlichem Blut durch Gerinnungsvorgänge und Thrombozyten-Desintegration (1970)
    Springer
    Annals of hematology 21 (1970), S. 20-28 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Blood coagulation belongs to the physiological processes, which in vitro can influence enzyme activities in plasma or serum. In parallel determinations activities measured in serum are mostly found higher than in plasma. The liberation of enzymes, present at high levels intracellularly, from thrombocytes was found to be responsible for the serum plasma difference. In this paper we present evidence, that this enzyme liberation caused by coagulation does occur during the retraction phase and not-parallel with the beginning of the viscous metamorphosis-during the initial coagulation phase. By rapid separation of the serum from the clot we could anticipate the enzyme release. In rapidly isolated serum no significant increase in activity could be demonstrated when compared with plasma. GOT and GPT, which are present only at a relatively low level in the platelets, are not influenced by blood coagulation resp. thrombocyte desintegration. The late enzyme release from the thrombocytes as observed during our investigation seems to be meaningful physiologically: Only after completion of clot retraction, which is an important function of the thrombocytes, the enzymes they contain-after they have mediated the energy needed-leak out into the surrounding fluid.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Zu den physiologischen Vorgängen, die In-vitro-Enzymaktivitäten im Plasma oder Serum beeinflussen können, gehört die Blutgerinnung. Bei Parallelbestimmungen findet man meist höhere Enzymaktivitäten im Serum als im Plasma. Als Ursache dieser Serum-Plasma-Differenz konnte die Freisetzung intrazellulär in hoher Aktivität enthaltener Enzyme aus den Thrombozyten ermittelt werden. Diese durch die Gerinnung hervorgerufene Enzymfreisetzung findet nach den vorliegenden Untersuchungen nicht während der initialen Gerinnungsphasen parallel mit dem Beginn der viskösen Metamorphose der Blutplättchen, sondern erst in der Retraktionsphase statt. Durch rasche Abtrennung des Serums vom Gerinnsel konnten wir dem Enzymaustritt zuvorkommen. Im rasch gewonnenen Serum ließen sich gegenüber dem Plasma keine signifikanten Aktivitätssteigerungen mehr nachweisen. Die in den Blutplättchen in relativ niedriger Aktivität enthaltenen Enzyme Glutamatoxalat- und Glutamatpyruvat-Transaminase werden durch die Blutgerinnung und Thrombozyten-Desintegration nicht beeinflußt. Der in unserer Untersuchung gefundene späte Enzymaustritt aus den Thrombozyten erscheint in physiologischer Hinsicht sinnvoll. Erst nach Ablauf der Gerinnselretraktion als einer wesentlichen Aufgabe der Thrombozyten gelangen die in ihnen enthaltenen Enzyme, nachdem sie zur Energiegewinnung benötigt wurden, in die Umgebungsflüssigkeit.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01633227
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Statistik hämatologischer Befunde bei einem großen poliklinischen Krankengut: Leukozyten (1971)
    Springer
    Annals of hematology 23 (1971), S. 69-83 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The results of the WBC of 11 298 patients of the Medizinische Poliklinik Würzburg were compiled. By statistic calculation we searched for age and sex differences in the groupings. Sex differences in the values are small, but were nevertheless significant in the statistic evaluation (male mean value 6470, female mean value 6300 leuc./mm3 blood). The WBC of the male, not of the female population rises slightly with age. The values of the blood smear showed no differences with respect to age and sex.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Ergebnisse von 11 298 Untersuchungen der weißen Blutzellen bei einem unausgelesenenen poliklinischen Krankengut wurden statistisch auf Altersabhängigkeit und Geschlechtsverteilung untersucht. Die geschlechtsabhängige Differenz des durchschnittlichen Leukozytenwertes ist nach unsererer Arbeit wenig bedeutsam, war aber infolge der großen Probandenzahl statistisch hochsignifikant (Männer 6470, Frauen 6300 Leukozyten/mm3 Blut). Bei den Männern stiegen die durchschnittlichen Leukozytenzahlen mit zunehmendem Alter etwas an, jedoch nicht bei den Frauen. Beim Differenzialblutbild fanden wir keine sicheren geschlechts- und altersabhängige Differenzen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01632734
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Das XXXXY-Syndrom (1973)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 115 (1973), S. 209-233 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Chromosome aberration ; Klinefelter's syndrome ; XXXXY syndrome ; Mental deficiency ; Skeletal malformations ; Genital hypoplasia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Neben dem klassischen Klinefelter-Syndrom mit der Chromosomenkonstellation 47,XXY stehen heute eine Reihe von Varianten, deren häufigste 46,XX, 48,XXYY, 48,XXXY und 49,XXXXY sind. Auf Grund seiner unverkennbaren Symptomatologie nimmt das XXXXY-Syndrom unter ihnen eine Sonderstellung ein. Mindestens 79 Fälle dieses Karyotyps wurden bis Ende 1972 in der Literatur mitgeteilt. 7 neue Fälle dieses seltenen Syndroms werden beschrieben. Häufige Symptome sind die intrauterine Dystrophie, die erhebliche psychomotorische Retardierung, das hypoplastische Genitale, eine eigenartige Facies und Skeletanomalien, die vor allem Unterarm und Hand betreffen (radioulnare Synostose, Klinodaktylie oder Brachyphalangie der 5. Finger, Pseudoepiphysen der Mittelhandknochen). Seltenere Symptome sind Augenfehler und angeborene Vitien, insbesondere ein offener Ductus Botalli. Mit Hilfe der Xg-Blutgruppenanalyse war es mehrfach möglich, den Nachweis zu erbringen, daß alle 4 X-Chromosomen mütterlicher Herkunft sein müssen. Als Ursache der Polysomie des X-Chromosoms wird daher in diesen Fällen eine sukzessive Non-disjunction diskutiert.
    Notes: Abstract In addition to 47,XXY Klinefelter's syndrome, several variants have been described. The anomalies most frequently found have the karyotypes 46,XX, 48,XXYY, 48,XXXY, and 49,XXXXY. Because of its unequivocal symptomatology the 49,XXXXY chromosome aberration has a prominent place among them. Seven new cases of this rare syndrome are described and 79 cases published up to 1972 are reviewed. Frequent symptoms are prenatal dystrophy, marked psychomotor retardation, hypoplastic genitals, the peculiar facial features, and skeletal malformations affecting particularly the forearms and hands (radioulnarsynostosis, clinodactyly or brachyphalangy of the fifth fingers, metacarpal pseudoepiphyses). Rare symptoms are ocular malformations and congenital heart defects, especially an open arterial duct. Xg blood group analysis made it possible to demonstrate the maternal origin of all four X chromosomes in some cases. In these cases successive non-disjunction of maternal X chromosomes is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00440360
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bestimmungen von Formaldehyd- und Ammoniakkonzentration in Beatmungsgeräten nach Formalindesinfektion (1974)
    Springer
    Lung 150 (1974), S. 207-210 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1750
    Keywords: Respirator ; Aseptor ; Ammonia ; Formaldehyde
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Nach Desinfektion von Beatmungsgeräten mit Formaldehyd im Aseptor wurden über verschiedene Zeitabschnitte Messungen der von den Beatmungsgeräten abgegebenen Ammoniakmengen und Formaldehydmengen durchgeführt. Bei exakter Gerätebedienung lagen beide Konzentrationen niedrig, die Formaldehydkonzentration erreichte jedoch bei unsachgemäßer Bedienung zehnfache Werte. Es ist noch wenig bekannt über Lungen-veränderungen bei chronischer Formalinexposition.
    Notes: Abstract Measurements of ammonia and formaldehyde concentration after desinfection of the respirator showed only low concentration if the correct technique was used. We found that a wrong technique led to an uncontrollable increase of formaldehyde over a period of 48 hours. At present it is unknown whether or not the formaldehyde concentration we found using a correct technique is toxic to mechanically ventilated patients with bad lung function.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02179321
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Die postnatale Entwicklung der Gliadeckschicht der Sehrinde der Katze (1972)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 123 (1972), S. 544-565 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Glial cover of cortex (cat) ; Phases of development ; Whirled piles of membranes ; Astrocytic lamellae ; Electronmicroscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung An zahlreichen Altersstufen wird die Entwicklung der Gliadeckschicht des Cortex cerebri der Katze untersucht. Das neugeborene Kätzchen hat eine fast epitheliale Decklage, deren Zellen tanycytenartige Fortsätze (TF) in die Tiefe senden. Seine weitere Entwicklung läßt sich in 4 Phasen gliedern. 1. Auflockerungsphase (1.–15. Lebenstag): Die Perikarya der Deckzellen treten auseinander, so daß das Neuropil bis nahe an die Oberfläche vordringen kann. Aus den dunklen Zellen wird eine durchgehende oberflächliche Fortsatzlage (OF) gebildet. 2. Umbauphase (16.–30. Lebenstag): In ihr degenerieren die hellen Zellen, die ursprünglich etwa 50% der Oberfläche abdeckten. Aus den dunklen Zellen werden die ersten runden Fortsätze (RF) mit dichten Gliafilamenten und Glialamellen (LF) ohne Filamente gebildet. Am Ende der Phase sind zwischen allen OF Schlußleisten vorhanden. 3. Proliferationsphase (31.–45. Lebenstag): In dieser Zeit werden LF und RF in großen Mengen gebildet. Die ursprünglich cytoplasmareichen Gliazellen, die einen großen Golgiapparat besitzen, verwandeln sich in die cytoplasmaarmen Astrocyten der Deckschicht. 4. Reifephase (46.–60. Lebenstag): Zwischen allen Fortsatzarten wird eine große Zahl von Zellkontakten (specific junctions und Desmosomen) ausgebildet. Am Ende der Reifephase beginnt in Schicht I die Entwicklung der markhaltigen Nervenfasern. Die Bildung der LF, die aus den Membranwirbeln (MW) entstehen, wurde genauer untersucht. Die MW entwickeln sich im Perikaryon und sammeln anschließend in der Auflockerungsphase Material in Form von membranbegrenzten Granula. Während der Umbauphase werden sie in blasenartige Vorstülpungen des Perikaryon geschoben und bilden dort komplizierte Formen. Dabei müssen große Membranflächen enstehen, während zugleich die Granula verschwinden. Aus den verzweigten MW werden in der Proliferationsphase große Mengen von LF abgeschoben. Bei diesem Prozeß müssen intracelluläre Membranen in Plasmalemm verwandelt werden und intracelluläre Cisternen Anschluß an den extracellulären Raum gewinnen. Die Bedeutung dieses Vorganges wird diskutiert.
    Notes: Summary The development of the glial cover of the cat's cortex cerebri examined on many stages of age after birth comprises four phases. The newborn kitten possesses a nearly epithelial cover of cortex. Each of the covering cells extends a process (TF) into the depth similar to that of a tanycyte. 1. Phase of loosening (first to 15th day of life): The perikarya of the covering cells disperse in such a way that the neuropil is pushing up nearly as far as to the border of the surface. The dark cells are forming a closed layer of flat superficial processes (OF). 2. Phase of transformation (16th to 30th day of life): Cells having a light contrast degenerate. They originally covered about 50% of the surface. The dark cells develop the round or oval processes (RF) with closely packed filaments of glia and the astrocytic lamellae (LF) without filaments. The terminal bars are built up at the end of this phase between all OF. 3. Phase of proliferation (31st to 45th day of life): Very many LF and RF are developed. The glia cells which originally have had a big cytoplasm with a large Golgi complex are transformed into astrocytes of the cover with a small border of cytoplasm. 4. Phase of maturation (46th to 60th day of life): The areas of cell attachment (specific junctions and desmosomes) are formed in large quantities between all kinds of processes. The myelinisation in layer I is beginning after the phase of maturation. The special development of the LF is determined. They are formed from concentric whirled piles of membranes (MW). The MW arise in the perikaryon and are gathering material in granules which are membrane bounded during the phase of loosening. The MW are shifted into bubblelike bulges of the perikaryon during the phase of transformation and afterwards form very complicated figures. At the same time very many planes of membranes must be developed in the MW while the granules disappear. Then the ramified MW deliver a great amount of LF. The intracellular membranes must be transformed into the plasmalemma during this delivery and the intracellular cisternae are opened towards the extracellular space. The significance of this process is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00335548
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Heat exchange in liquid helium by phonon tunneling through very thin plates (1971)
    Springer
    Journal of low temperature physics 4 (1971), S. 263-271 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7357
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Thin plates with a thicknessd smaller than the phonon mean-free path can be used to increase the heat exchange in 3 He- 4 He refrigerators at very low temperatures. The resistanceR for the heat current density of these plates is theoretically investigated. For plates withd still larger than the dominant thermal-phonon wavelength λ T in the plate,R is given by twice the Kapitza resistance. Ford ≈ λ T the resistanceR decreases due to phonon tunneling. Ford ≪ λ T there exists a region whereR varies asT −1, in contrast to theT −3 dependence for thicker plates. Numerical calculations are carried out for copper plates immersed in pure 4 He. The results show that one obtains a large increase of the heat exchange due to phonon tunneling for plates with a thickness of a few microns at temperatures in the millidegree range.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00629713
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On size effects in helium II below 1 K (1973)
    Springer
    Journal of low temperature physics 12 (1973), S. 479-490 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7357
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The normal fluid density ρ n and the specific heatc v are calculated for helium II flowing through plane parallel slits and capillaries with a square profile at temperatures below1 K. Both functions increase over their bulk values if the thermal phonon wavelength λ becomes comparable to or larger than the smallest dimensiond of the container. The asymptotic expansions which are obtained in this paper have an overlapping range of validity, and therefore describe ρ n andc v rather accurately for all values of λ/d.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00654951
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A quantum mechanical determination of the superfluid density (1972)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 14 (1972), S. 324-335 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-6036
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The constituting conservation laws for a superfluid are quantum mechanically derived. Using thermodynamic relations the superfluid density is model-independently expressed in terms of reduced-density matrices. The general relation is illustrated for the Bogolubov model, and for two other approximations for the two-particle reduced-density matrix. The resulting relations between the densities of the super component and of the condensate are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02422689
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Backmixing in multistage agitated contactors---a correlation (1971)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 17 (1971), S. 585-589 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A generalized correlation is presented for the backmix ratio in multistage agitated contactors. The backmix ratio is shown to be a function of the ratio of impeller tip speed to superficial flow velocity, and of the column configuration and impeller design. For single-phase flow and for the continuous phase in two-phase flow, the following expression is recommended: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$\alpha = 0.0098\left[ {\varepsilon \frac{{ND}}{u}\left( {\frac{{D^2 a}}{{THA}}} \right)^{1/2} } \right]^{1.2}$$\end{document}
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690170319
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