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  • Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy  (6)
  • Apomorphine  (4)
  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Aggression ; Morphine ; Naloxone ; Apomorphine ; Amphetamine ; Narcotic Withdrawal
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Aggression, which is normally seen during withdrawal from narcotics, could not be produced in morphine-dependent rats by the administration of naloxone at doses which cause other signs of withdrawal. Apomorphine injected instead of naloxone was capable of producing aggression, without other withdrawal signs. Naturally occurring aggression (72-hr withdrawal) was enhanced by apomorphine and unaffected by naloxone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 42 (1975), S. 185-193 
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Amphetamine ; Dopamine ; Haloperidol ; State-Dependent Behavior ; Apomorphine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract After rats were trained to differentiate between the effects of d-amphetamine and saline in a state-dependent task, pretreatment with the tyrosine hydroxylase inhibitor, α-methyl-p-tyrosine, significantly decreased amphetamine discrimination. Pretreatment with the dopamine-Β-hydroxylase inhibitor, disulfiram, or with the tryptophan hydroxylase inhibitor, p-chloro-phenylalanine, was observed to have no effect on the rats' ability to discriminate d-amphetamine. Administration of haloperidol, a selective dopamine receptor blocker, completely abolished the amphetamine discrimination, whereas α- and Β-adrenergic receptor blockade had no effect. Apomorphine, a dopamine receptor stimulant, produced amphetamine-like responses and this was, likewise, abolished by pretreatment with haloperidol. These data suggest that dopaminergic systems mediate the interoceptive cue produced by d-amphetamine in rats, and these results are discussed in relation to possible dopamine mediation of amphetamine psychosis and paranoid schizophrenia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Aggression ; Morphine Addiction ; Apomorphine ; Dopamine Receptors ; Receptor Supersensitivity ; Narcotic Abstinence ; Nigrostriatal Lesion ; Medial Forebrain Bundle Lesion ; Protracted Abstinence ; Dopamine Turnover
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Reliable aggression was seen in rats which were grouped 30 days after undergoing continuous withdrawal from morphine. This withdrawal aggression, associated with long-lasting effects of morphine dependence, was blocked by morphine or lesions of the nigrostriatal bundle, but not by lesions of the median forebrain bundle. When the nigrostriatal lesioned rats were treated with a small dose of apomorphine, the aggression was reinstated. Apomorphine reduced the turnover of dopamine in the 30-day withdrawn rats at doses which were ineffective in similarly housed non-dependent rats. These results suggest that animals undergoing protracted morphine abstinence show aggression due to a latent dopaminergic supersensitivity, similar to that previously reported during acute narcotic withdrawal.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 68 (1980), S. 277-281 
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Drug discrimination ; Ethanol ; Apomorphine ; Salsolinol
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The purpose of the present study was to investigate the possible generalization to 3-carboxysalsolinol (3C-SAL) in a group of rats trained to discriminate a low dose of ethanol (200 mg/kg IP) from the nondrug condition and in another group trained to discriminate 0.16 mg/kg IP apomorphine (AP) from the nondrug condition using a drug discrimination paradigm. In test sessions, ED50 for ethanol was 52.0 mg/kg and ED50 for AP was 0.01 mg/kg. In the ethanol-trained rats, 1.8 mg/kg 3C-SAL produced drug responses. In the AP-trained rats, 200 mg/kg ethanol produced drug responses whereas 1.8 mg/kg 3C-SAL produced only a partial drug response. The results are in harmony with the hypothesis that salsolinol in the central nervous system of the rat may be responsible for the discriminability of ethanol. The possible involvement of dopaminergic systems is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 9 (1995), S. 809-814 
    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The aim of this article was to study the influence of different matrix molecules on the quality of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectra of oligosaccharides. An important criterion was the sample preparation, i.e. the crystallization process leading to the matrix from which the analytes were desorbed and investigated. Quality criteria were, among others, the resulting molecular peak intensity, the mass resolution, and the suppression of unwanted matrix peaks. It was found that a mixture of 2,5-dihydroxy benzoic acid (DHB) and 1-hydroxy isoquinoline (HIC) in a weight ratio of 3:1 was best suited for the analytical investigation of oligosaccharides. In addition, this matrix mixture was found to be quite tolerant against all kinds of buffers, salts, and even additives such as sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). Furthermore, we determined the different affinities of the alkaline metals to the carbohydrates and found that cesium and potassium ions ionize oligosaccharides about three times better than sodium ions and therefore have an important influence on the quantum yield.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A Nafion membrane was tested as a new tool for a fast and easy sample pretreatment for matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) measurements. This membrane material was used for ion exchange and carbohydrate purification with minimal quantities of sample solution. An ion exchange method for carbohydrates was developed and demonstrated on a Dextran sample. The cations of the original sample were replaced within minutes by potassium or cesium ions. Another feature of this membrane was the fact that proteins and peptides adsorb on the acid surface. This behavior was investigated as a purification step for carbohydrates with high peptide and protein impurity concentrations. It was found that oligosaccharide libraries from rat- and mouse IgG mass spectra can be obtained clearly in the presence of high peptide impurities.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The chemical shifts of aromatic nitriles of the general structure para-Y—C6H4—X—CN with X = O, S, Se and N(CH3) have been investigated by the 13C NMR technique. For cyanates (X = O) the 14N shifts and for Y = F the 19F shifts were likewise measured. The chemical shifts and the corresponding 13C shift increments Δn have been found to correlate with the appropriate substituent constants σR0, σp0 and σI, as well as with the π-electron densities calculated in the PPP approximation.
    Notes: An aromatischen Nitrilverbindungen der allgemeinen Struktur para-Y—C6H4—X—CN mit X = O, S, Se und N(CH3) wurden die 13C-NMR- sowie für X = O die 14N-NMR-und für Y = F die 19F-NMR-chemischen Verschiebungen bestimmt. Die Meßergebnisse wurden in Zusammenhang mit der elektronischen Struktur der Moleküle (Substituentenkonstanten, π-Elektronendichten in PPP-Näherung) diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Organic Magnetic Resonance 12 (1979), S. 95-97 
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Carbon-13 chemical shifts of several benzimidazole- and benzoxazole derivatives have been measured. The signals of the homonuclear carbon atoms in unsymmetrical benzoheteroazoles can be assigned with the aid of additivity parameters. The structures of compounds obtained from the reaction of benzimidazoline- and benzoxazoline-2-thione with aryl cyanates were elucidated.
    Notes: Für verschiedene Benzimidazol- und Benzoxazolderivate wurden die chemischen Verschiebungen im 13C-NMR-Spektrum bestimmt. Mit Hilfe von Additivitätsparametern lassen sich die 13C-Signale der Benzokohlenstoffatome in unsymmetrischen Benzheteroazolen bestimmen. Die Struktur der Reaktionsprodukte aus Benzimidazolin- und Benzoxazolin-thion-(2) und Arylcyanaten werden abgeleitet.
    Additional Material: 5 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Organic Magnetic Resonance 24 (1986), S. 21-30 
    ISSN: 0749-1581
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The 13C NMR chemical shifts of 74 N-acylated 2-aminobenzimidazoles were determined and assigned. The chemical shifts are discussed as a function of electronic and spatial substituent effects. Line broadening for certain C signals are traced to prototropy at N-1 and N-3, and N-3 and Nexo.
    Additional Material: 6 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 0749-1581
    Keywords: 4-Methyl catechol ; Autoxidation ; Electron spin resonance spectroscopy ; Nucleophiles ; Semiquinones ; Allergic contact dermatitis ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The oxidation of 4-methylcatechol by dioxygen and the subsequent reactions of the two nucleophiles OH- and MeO- with the oxidation products were studied by electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy. These reactions are models for those of skin proteins with substituted 1,2-dihydroxybenzenes (catechols) which produce the severe allergic contact dermatitis associated with plants such as poison ivy, poison oakd and the Japanese lac tree. The rates of formation of the primary and secondary semiquinone radical anions show a large kinetic deuterium isotope effect (ca 10) at 20°C, which is ascribed to a slow deprotonation of the hydrogen bridged 4-methylcatechol monoanion. There is a marked difference in regioselectivity for OH- and MeO- substitution of the 4-methylcatechol monoanione; OH- reacts exclusively at the 3-position whereas MeO- attacks at the 5-position. This dissimilarity between two normally similar nucleophiles is also ascribed to the occurrence of hydrogen bridging between the substituting OH- at the 3-position and the adjacent quinone oxygen at the 2-position. The expected attack at the more electropositive 5-position occurs with MeO- because no such hydrogen bonding can occur. Disubstitution occurs for OH- but not for MeO-, probably reflecting the greater nucleophilicity of the former.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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