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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gastric Myoelectrical Activity in Healthy Children and Children with Functional Dyspepsia (1998)
    Springer
    Digestive diseases and sciences 43 (1998), S. 2384-2391 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Keywords: ELECTROGASTROGRAPHY ; FUNCTIONAL DYSPEPSIA ; GASTROINTESTINAL MOTILITY ; GASTRIC EMPTYING
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The aim of this study was to investigateabnormalities in pediatric patients with functionaldyspepsia. Fifteen symptomatic pediatric patientsdiagnosed with functional dyspepsia and 17 aged-matchedhealthy controls were studied. Gastric myoelectricalactivity was recorded using surface electrogastrographyfor 1 hr in the fasting state and 1 hr after a testmeal. It was found that, in comparison with thecontrols, the children with functional dyspepsia had alower percentage of 2- to 4-cpm slow waves in bothfasting state (66.0 ± 4.7% vs 79.7 ± 3.1%,P 〈 0.07) and fed state (72.4 ± 5.4% vs 85.0± 2.9%, P 〈 0.04), and a significantly higherinstability of the dominant frequency in both fastingstate (0.50 ± 0.05 vs 0.31 ± 0.04, P 〈0.01) and fed state (0.39 ± 0.05 vs 0.25 ±0.03, P 〈 0.05). It was also found the postprandial increase inEGG dominant power in the patients was inverselycorrelated with the total symptom score (r = 0.63, P =0.03). It was concluded that abnormal gastricmyoelectrical activity may play a role in the pathogenesis ofpediatric functional dyspepsia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026661627304
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Impaired Postprandial Gastric Slow Waves in Patients with Functional Dyspepsia (1998)
    Springer
    Digestive diseases and sciences 43 (1998), S. 1678-1684 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Keywords: ELECTROGASTROGRAPHY ; GASTROINTESTINAL MOTILITY ; FUNCTIONAL DYSPEPSIA ; GASTRIC EMPTYING
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate gastricmyoelectrical activity in patients with functionaldyspepsia. Thirteen healthy subjects and 14 patientswith functional dyspepsia participated in the study. The electrogastrogram (EGG) recording was madein each subject for 30 min in the fasting state and 120min after a standard test meal of 475 calories. Spectralanalysis methods were applied to derive quantitative EGG parameters. There was no difference in theEGG between the patients and controls in the fastingstate. However, abnormalities in the postprandial EGGwere found in the patients. The percentage of 2-4 cpmwaves was significantly lower (74.4 ± 4.0% vs85.7 ± 1.6%, P 〈 0.03) and the postprandialincrease in EGG dominant power was significantly less(–0.52 ± 0.92 dB vs 2.24 ± 0.88 dB,P 〈 0.03) in patients than in controls. It was alsofound that the percentage of postprandial 2-4 cpm wavescould be used to differentiate the patients withfunctional dyspepsia from the healthy controls with a specificity of 100% and a sensitivity of 43%. It was concluded that a subset of patients withfunctional dyspepsia have impaired gastric myoelectricalactivity in the fed state.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018806913907
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Efficiency and Efficacy of the Electrogastrogram (1998)
    Springer
    Digestive diseases and sciences 43 (1998), S. 1023-1030 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Keywords: ELECTROGASTROGRAPHY ; GASTROINTESTINAL MOTILITY ; GASTRIC EMPTYING ; STOMACH
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The efficiency and efficacy of theelectrogastrogram (EGG) involve a few practical factors,including recording length, sample size, and thecharacteristics of subjects. The aim of this study wasto investigate the effect of these factors on the accuracy ofEGG analysis. Gastric myoelectrical activity wasrecorded using electrogastrography in 24 subjects (ages22-91 years) for 1 hr in the fasting state and 2 hr after a test meal. Computerized spectralanalysis was performed to compute EGG parameters,including dominant frequency, dominant power, and thepercentage of 2-4 cycles per minute (cpm) slow waves. A parameter called misinterpretation was definedto investigate the effect of recording length. Theresults were as follows: (1) Using the recording lengthof 1 hr in each state as a gold standard, themisinterpretation for the recording length of 30 min was 27% forthe dominant frequency and 17% for the dominant power.When the recording length was reduced to 15 min, themisinterpretation increased to 61% for the dominant frequency and 38% for the dominant power. (2)With a sample size of 10 subjects and a recording lengthof 60 min, a statistically significant postprandialincrease was observed in the dominant frequency and power, and a trend in the postprandialincrease of the regularity of the EGG was noted. Whenthe sample size increased to 24 subjects, a significantpostprandial increase was found in all these parameters. (3) None of the EGG parameters exhibited anysignificant difference between the younger and oldersubjects or between men and women. In conclusion, arecording length of 30-60 min seems to be appropriate and produces reliable and predictable results.Age and gender do not affect any of the EGGparameters.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018830801785
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of Electroacupuncture on Gastric Migrating Myoelectrical Complex in Dogs (1999)
    Springer
    Digestive diseases and sciences 44 (1999), S. 56-62 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Keywords: GASTRIC SLOW WAVES ; GASTRIC MOTILITY ; GASTRIC EMPTYING ; ELECTROACUPUNCTURE ; ELECTROGASTROGRAPHY
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate thecharacteristics of the gastric slow wave duringdifferent phases of the migrating myoelectrical complex(MMC) and the effect of electroacupuncture on the MMC. The experiment was performed in eight hounddogs implanted with one pair of bipolar serosalelectrodes 2 cm proximal to the pylorus. Gastricmyoelectrical activity was recorded for three completecycles of the MMC in two sessions, one withelectroacupuncture at points ST36 and PC6 and the otherat sham points. The acupuncture was performed for 30 minin phase I of the second cycle of the MMC. Spectral analysis was performed to compute the frequencyand power (amplitude) of the gastric slow wave, whereasblind visual analysis was applied to compute theappearance of spike potentials and the length of each phase of the MMC. It was found that therewas a significant difference in the frequency and powerof the gastric slow wave during different phases of theMMC (P 〈 0.05). Phase I was characterized with the highest frequency and lowest power ofthe gastric slow wave, whereas phase III exhibited thehighest power in the slow wave. It was also found thatin comparison with the sham points, electroacupuncture at the acupoints increased the number of spikebursts. This increase was not significant during the MMCcycle with electroacupuncture (34.4 ± 4.1 vs 27.5± 2.5%, P 〉 0.05) but became significant during the cycle after electroacupuncture (39.8± 3.3% vs 27.5 ± 2.5%, P 〈 0.0005).Similarly, during the MMC cycle after electroacupunctureat the acupoints, there was a significant decrease in the length of phase I (14.8 ± 2.2 vs46.9 ± 6.1 min, P 〈 0.003) and a significantincrease in the length of phase II (75.6 ± 9.9 vs30.6 ± 4.1 min, P 〈 0.003) and phase III (25.8± 0.6 vs 22.1 ± 0.7 min, P 〈 0.003). A similarincrease was observed during the MMC cycle withelectroacupuncture but was not statisticallysignificant. In conclusion, the gastric slow wave hasthe highest power during phase III of the MMC, indicatingthat the antral contraction is characterized not only bythe appearance of spikes, but also by the increasedpower of the slow wave. Electroacupuncture at acupoints of ST36 and PC6 enhances the gastric MMC byreducing the length of phase I and increasing the lengthof phases II and III.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026645931867
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The determination of polymer interfacial tension by drop image processing: Comparison of theory and experiment for the pair, poly(dimethyl siloxane)/polybutndieneThis paper is dedicated to Prof. Bryce Maxwell on the occasion of his retirement from Princeton University (1986)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 26 (1986), S. 1410-1418 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The interfacial tensions of immiscible binary blends of poly(dimethyl siloxane) (PDMS) and polybutadiene (PBD) have been determined as a function of molecular weight and temperature. The technique employed for these measurements takes advantage of recent advances in the determination and analysis of pendant fluid drop profiles. The experimental data are compared to the predictions of square gradient theories and theories based on the diffusion equation approach as developed by Helfand and co-workers. Qualitative agreement is obtained with both types of theory when the Flory-Huggins interaction parameter is taken to be comprised of two terms: a temperature independent term of entropic origin; and an enthalpic term that is inversely dependent upon the temperature.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760262010
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Instrumented impact evaluation of a toughened carbon fiber epoxy composite (1995)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 35 (1995), S. 129-136 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Instrumented impact testing and analysis were performed on an interlaminartoughened carbon fiber epoxy composite (Toray 3900-2/T800H) and a conventional (untoughened) epoxy composite (Fiberite 934/T300). Severity of impact was varied by using a wide range of impact energy. The effect of difference in the tup of the impact instrument was discussed. The residual compressive strengths after compact (CAI's) were measured by using a universal mechanical tester. The impact damage and delamination resistance of the toughened and conventional composites were quantitatively compared. At the same impact energy, the extent of damage was much less severe and the CAI was higher for the toughened composite. Relationships between the CAI's, the state of impact damage, and impact energy were investigated. Impact damage mechanisms for these two composites were not exactly the same. The impact damage of the conventional composite exhibited much greater extents of delamination. By contrast, interlaminar delamination in the toughened composite was found to be significantly suppressed, and the impact damage was more dominated by controlled matrix cracking/fiber damage, instead of catastrophic delamination. As a result, the CAI's of the toughened composite exhibited a monotonous decrease with increase in the impact energy and in the linear dimension of extents of damage.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760350202
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Falling film evaporation of binary mixtures (1994)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 40 (1994), S. 207-214 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The interactive effects of heat and mass transfer in evaporation of binary mixtures flowing as falling films on vertical surfaces was investigated. Evaporative heat-transfer coefficients were measured for aqueous mixtures of ethylene and propylene glycol, with boiling ranges up to 55°C. Tests were carried out at atmospheric pressure with heat fluxes ranging from 3,000 to 25,000 W/m2, and film Reynolds numbers ranging from 300 to 3,000. Results indicated that the heat-transfer coefficient for mixtures depends weakly on wall superheat and film Reynolds number, but strongly depends on mixture composition. Analysis of the results indicates that mass-transfer resistance in the liquid film causes significant elevation of the interface temperature, causing a reduction of the effective temperature driving force. A semiempirical model for correlation of the interactive heat-and mass-transfer phenomena is proposed.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690400203
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Wavelet-based density estimation and application to process monitoring (1997)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 43 (1997), S. 1227-1241 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: An application of wavelets and multiresolution analysis to density estimation and process monitoring is presented. Wavelet-based density-estimation techniques are developed as an alternative and superior method to other common density-estimation techniques. Also shown is the effectiveness of wavelet estimators when the observations are dependent. The resulting density estimators are then used in defining a normal operating region for the process under study so that any abnormal behavior by the process can be monitored. Results of applying these techniques to a typical multivariate chemical process are also presented.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690430512
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Case studies of incidents in runaway reactions and emergency relief (1998)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Process Safety Progress 17 (1998), S. 259-262 
    Details
    ISSN: 1066-8527
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Case histories of 65 incidents in runaway reactions and emergency relief in Taiwan were analyzed and classified into several categories according to their causes, materials involved, equipment types, reaction types, and ignition sources. The cases in reactors and storage tanks were examined in more detail owing to the higher probability or larger potential hazard in these two types of equipments. The most common consequence of the incidents are explosions, fires, and atmospheric release of toxic chemicals. The most severe case was a thermal explosion from an organic peroxide storage area which caused the death of 33 persons. Popping and direct releasing of process chemicals to the atmosphere from relieving devices cause the greatest environmental concerns to the community close to the plants. Runaway reactions in batch type reactors occur frequently due to various operational mistakes. Heat of reaction is the most frequent ignition source of runaway reactions and emergency relief.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prs.680170406
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bed-surface contact dynamics for horizontal tubes in fluidized beds (1982)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 28 (1982), S. 907-914 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The local contact characteristics between the bed emulsion and the tube surface for horizontal tubes immersed in fluidized beds were investigated experimentally. The measurements indicated that the contact dynamics change significantly with circumferential position, gas flow rate, particle size and system pressure. From the experimental data, quantitative information on the local fluidization behavior were generated for use in heat transfer models.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690280604
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