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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Growth hormone treatment in children with preterminal chronic renal failure: No adverse effect on glomerular filtration rate (1992)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 151 (1992), S. 601-607 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Chronic renal failure ; Recombinant human growth hormone treatment ; Insulin-like growth factors ; Insulin-like growth factor binding proteins ; Progression of renal disease
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Impaired growth and stunting remains a major therapeutic problem in children with chronic renal failure (CRF). Recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) treatment may be beneficial, but concern has been raised about possible side-effects, i.e. deterioration of renal function and glucose intolerance. We have treated 10 prepubertal children with CRF (median age 7.5 [1.7–10.0] years) with 4 IU rhGH/m2 per day s.c. over a period of 1 year. Height velocity increased significantly (P〈0.03) from basal 4.6 (2.0–14.0) cm/year to 9.7 (6.8–17.6) cm/year. Height velocity SDS for chronological age and for bone age increased in all children from basal median −2.3 to +3.8 (P〈0.005). Median glomerular filtration rate (GFR) measured by single injection inulin clearance at onset was 18 (11–66) ml/min per 1.73 m2 and did not change significantly during the treatment year. The loss of GFR as estimated by creatinine clearance was similar during the treatment year (median loss 1.3 ml/min per 1.73 m2) compared to the year before treatment (median loss 3.7 ml/min per 1.73 m2). Serum glucose levels during an oral glucose tolerance test did not change, but fasting as well as stimulated insulin levels increased significantly with time during the study period. It is concluded that the rhGH regimen employed was remarkably effective in improving growth velocity in children with CRF without adversely affecting GFR. Glucose homeostasis remained stable, but at the expense of increased serum insulin levels.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01957731
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Serum insulin-like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP)-4 and IGFBP-5 in children with chronic renal failure: relationship to growth and glomerular filtration rate (2000)
    Springer
    Pediatric nephrology 14 (2000), S. 589-597 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-198X
    Keywords: Key words Chronic renal failure ; Insulin-like growth factors ; Insulin-like growth factor binding proteins ; Growth
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Growth retardation in children with chronic renal failure (CRF) is partly due to an inhibition of insulin-like growth factor (IGF) activity by an excess of high-affinity IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs). The aim of this study was to analyze the serum levels and forms of IGFBP-4 and IGFBP-5 in CRF patients using specific, recently developed radioimmunoassays (RIAs) and immunoblot analysis. We examined 89 children [age 11.5 (2.8–19.0) years] with CRF [glomerular filtration rate 26.6 (7.0–67.4) ml/min per 1.73 m2], nine of them with end-stage renal disease undergoing peritoneal dialysis. Serum-immunoreactive IGFBP-4 levels were fourfold increased in CRF (prepubertal 1080±268 ng/ml; pubertal 989±299 ng/ml) compared to healthy prepubertal controls (265±73 ng/ml). In contrast, serum IGFBP-5 levels were not significantly increased neither in prepubertal (361±120 ng/ml vs 282±75 ng/ml in controls) nor pubertal CRF children (478±165 ng/ml vs 491±80 ng/ml in controls). Immunoblot analysis showed the presence of intact as well as fragmented IGFBP-4 and IGFBP-5. Serum IGFBP-4, but not IGFBP-5, levels were inversely correlated with GFR (r=–0.39, P〈0.001). In prepuber- tal children, IGFBP-4 levels were inversely correlated with standardized height (r=–0.40; P〈0.005). In contrast, IGFBP-5 levels were positively correlated both with standardized height (r=0.32, P〈0.02) and baseline height velocity (r=0.45, P〈0.005). A 3-month therapy with rhGH stimulated serum IGFBP-5 levels by 43% (P〈0.01); there was no consistent effect on IGFBP-4 levels. There was a positive correlation between IGFBP-4 and IGFBP-2 (r=0.46, P〈0.001); IGFBP-5 was positively correlated with IGF-I (r=0.59, P〈0.001), IGF-II (r=0.42, P〈0.001) and IGFBP-3 (r=0.47, P〈0.001) and inversely correlated with IGFBP-1 (r=–0.41, P〈0.001). In summary, serum IGFBP-4 is fourfold elevated in children with CRF in relation to the degree of renal dysfunction and contributes to the marked increase in IGF-binding capacity in CRF serum. The inverse correlation of serum IGFBP-4 with standardized height is consistent with its role as another inhibitor of the biological action of the IGFs on growth plate cartilage. In contrast, serum IGFBP-5 is not elevated in CRF serum and circulates mainly as proteolysed fragments. The positive correlation of serum IGFBP-5 with growth and its increase during GH therapy indicate that IGFBP-5 is a stimulatory IGFBP in patients with CRF, either by enhancing IGF activity through better presentation of IGF to its receptor or by an IGF-independent effect through activation of a specific, recently described putative IGFBP-5-receptor.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004670000361
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Elevated levels of insulin-like growth factor (IGF) binding protein-3 in rheumatoid arthritis synovial fluid inhibit stimulation by IGF-I of articular chondrocyte proteoglycan synthesis (1997)
    Springer
    Rheumatology international 17 (1997), S. 29-37 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-160X
    Keywords: Key words Insulin-like growth factors ; Insulin-like growth factor binding proteins ; Rheumatoid arthritis ; Articular cartilage ; Proteoglycans
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The objective of this study was to quantify insulin-like growth factor (IGF) binding proteins (IGFBPs) in the synovial fluid (SF) and plasma of patients with rheumatic diseases and to study the role of these proteins in the regulation of cartilage proteoglycan (PG) synthesis. Immunological determination of IGFBP-2, IGFBP-3, IGF-I, IGF-II, interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumour necrosis fac-tor α (TNFα) was undertaken in the SF and plasma of 115 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA; n = 53), osteoarthritis (OA; n = 44) and other rheumatic disorders. We also determined the effects of SF on bovine cartilage PG synthesis in culture. IGFBP-2 and IGFBP-3 were elevated in the plasma (by 38% and 28%, respectively) and SF (by 56% and 59%, respectively) of patients with RA compared to age- and sex-matched OA controls (determined by RIA and confirmed by Western ligand blot). IGF-I and IGF-II did not differ significantly between the two groups. OA SF, and, to a lesser extent, RA SF stimulated cartilage PG synthesis in culture, and more than 60% of this activity was neutralised by a specific monoclonal anti-IGF-I antibody. Human IGFBP-3 dose-dependently inhibited the stimulation of cartilage PG synthesis effected by SF or human IGF-I. In RA patients, the SF concentration of IGFBP-3 was positively correlated with SF levels of IL-1β and TNFα, with the serum level of C-reactive protein and with the erythrocyte sedimentation rate. We concluded that IGF-I is, under the conditions studied, the most important anabolic factor in human SF with respect to articular cartilage PG synthesis. The bioactivity of IGF-I in joints is modulated by IGFBP-3, which is elevated in RA SF compared to OA SF. Elevated IGFBP-3 in RA SF may reduce the availability of IGF-I to articular chondrocytes, thus interfering with cartilage PG synthesis in RA.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00006847
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Application of low energy CID in the determination of structures of [M - halogen]+ ions obtained from diethyl halosuccinates under electron impact (1987)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 22 (1987), S. 61-63 
    Details
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Low energy collision induced dissociation (CID) spectra indicate that m/z 173 ions formed by the loss of a halogen atom from diethyl chloro- and bromo-succinate under electron impact are mixtures of O-protonated diethyl maleate (〉90%) and fumarate (〈10 %). Hydrogen migration precedes the C-halogen bond cleavage in these cases. The low energy CID spectrum of the m/z 173 [M—I]+ ion obtained from diethyl iodosuccinate shows that only a small fraction of the [M—I]+ ions are the O-protonated species formed by hydrogen migration. The results of this study demonstrate the potential of low energy CID in the determination of structure (including configuration) of gas phase ions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/oms.1210220202
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Configurational assignment of fragment ions by CID. Stereochemistry and mechanism of retro-Diels-Alder fragmentation accompanied by hydrogen transfer in gas-phase cations (1987)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 22 (1987), S. 3-5 
    Details
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Low energy CID mass spectra of m/z 173, C8H13O4+, obtained from the diethyl ester of cis,syn,cis-l,2,3,3a,4,5,5a,6,7,8-decahydroindacene-4,5-dicarboxylic acid and cis,syn,cis-l,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,8a,9,10,10a-dodecahydrophenanthrene-9,10-dicarboxylic acid indicate they have the structure of protonated diethyl maleate. This finding together with previous deuterium labelling results suggest that the formation of this ion from both precursors takes place by migration of a hydrogen atom from an allylic δ-position followed by the concerted cleavage of two allylic C—C bonds in analogy to the ground state retro-Diels-Alder fragmentation.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/oms.1210220103
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Direct stereochemical assignment of sugar subunits in naturally occurring glycosides by low energy collision induced dissociation. Application to papulacandin antibiotics (1988)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 15 (1988), S. 441-446 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6134
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A tandem mass spectrometric method is described which allows the assignment of stereochemistry to fragment ions comprising intact sugar subunits of larger glycosides without chemical degradation and product isolation by chromatography. The approach relies on the mass selection of the ‘sugar ion’ of interest followed by analysis of stereoselective fragmentation induced by low-energy collisional activation. The daughter ion spectra provide configurational fingerprints of the selected sugar ions which can be matched for identity with reference spectra obtained from suitable precursors of known stereochemistry. Glucose, mannose and galactose furnished the required set of the most important reference ions. By using peracetyl (and perdeuterioacetyl) derivatives, galactose was readily identified as the glycosidic sugar constituent of the (known) antibiotic papulacandin B and a further (unknown) congener.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bms.1200150805
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preparation of inert and high-temperature stable apolar and medium polar glass-capillary columns using OH-terminated polysiloxane stationary phases (1985)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 8 (1985), S. 718-726 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary columns, glass ; Inert, stable stationary phases ; Leaching ; Immobilization by condensation ; OH terminal groups ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Coating intensively leached silica surfaces with OH-terminated phases provides a new way of producing, by simple means, columns with substantially increased inertness and thermostability. In addition, their separation efficiency is found to be typically higher than that of columns with traditional coatings. The underlying basic effect is a condensation process between terminal silanol groups of the phase and residual silanols, of the glass surface, thus producing the mentioned inertness. Moreover, the surface-bonded molecules are immobilized without addition of a radical generator. If required, crosslinking can also be effected using a volatile azo compound. No vinyl groups are required for this additional immobilization process. The paper discusses all processes involved, and gives detailed working directions for the following medium polar phases. OV-1701-OH, OV-31-OH (new, 17% cyanopropyl), OV-61-OH, and OV-17-OH, and the apolar phases PS-347.5 and PS-086. There is no doubt so far that the principle of terminal silanol groups is applicable to all silicone phases, and may replace the traditional endcapped stationary phases in the future.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240081106
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preparation of inert glass capillary columns coated with UCON 50 HB-5100. An attempt to rediscover industrially produced α, ω-polyethylene/polypropyleneglycol ethers as stationary phases in capillary gas chromatography (1987)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 10 (1987), S. 32-38 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary columns, glass ; Polyalkyleneglycol ether phases ; Inert columns ; Immobilization by condensation ; Methyltrimethoxysilane, coupling agent ; Trifluoroacetic acid, catalyst ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Using UCON 50 HB-5100, one of the most successful stationary phases in capillary gas chromatography during the past decade, as an example, we wish to redirect attention to the excellent properties of the polyethylene/polypropyleneglycol ether copolymer coatings. Based on experience gained in work with OH-terminated polysiloxanes, a method is described for preparing inert and relatively temperature stable chemically bonded and crosslinked coatings in a single working step. Methyltrimethoxysilane was used as coupling agent, and trifluoroacetic acid was introduced as an acidic catalyst. The reaction mechanisms involved as well as the influence of additional crosslinking on the column behavior are discussed, particularly with respect of the inertness of the coatings.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240100107
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preparation of inert glass capillary columns coated with industrially produced N,N,N′, N′-tetrakis (polyethylene/propylene glycol ether) ethylenediamines (tetronics) as stationary phases (1987)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 10 (1987), S. 97-99 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary columns glass ; Tetronic, stationary phase ; Inert column ; Irganox 1010 ; Antioxidant ; Catalyst ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240100211
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preparation of glass capillary columns coated with immobilized OV-240-OH (33% cyanopropyl substituted, OH-terminated). An approach to improve the inertness and thermal stability of cyanoalkyl polysiloxane coatings (1986)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 350-355 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary columns, glass ; OV-240-H, 33% cyanopropyl ; Immobilization by condensation ; Crosslinker, dimethyltetramethoxysiloxane ; in situ methylation, diazomethane ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Coating intensely leached glass capillaries with OV-240-OH, the most polar commercially available OH-terminated polysiloxane phase at the present time, is described. Beside chemical bonding of the phase via condensation with silanol groups of the support, additional immobilization using dimethyltetramethoxysiloxane as a crosslinker is carried out. After in situ methylation of the immobilized coating, and transformation of acidic impurities of the cyanopropyl substituted phase into the respective methyl esters, increased inertness of the column was observed. Working instructions are given, and processes involved are discussed.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240090607
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