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  • 1
    ISSN: 1434-0879
    Keywords: Kidney perfusion ; Equilibration ; HTK-solution ; Euro-Collins-solution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Kidneys were perfused either with Euro-Collinssolution or with HTK-solution of Bretschneider. The perfusion pressure as well as the perfusion flow were measured during a six-minute perfusion. The perfusion resistance was higher in Euro-Collins-kidneys than during HTK-perfusion. The venous outflow of the kidney as well as the ureteral outflow was measured during each minute of the perfusion and has analysed for osmolality, and for sodium and potassium concentrations. In Euro-Collins-kidneys a complete “equilibration” of the extracellular space was not achieved, while during HTK-perfusion concentrations in the venous as in the tubular outflow, similar to those in the HTK-solution itself, could be reached. At the end of the different perfusions, tissue was analysed for biochemical parameters such as ATP, ADP, AMP and lactate as well as for morphological features. Lactate had increased and ATP had decreased during perfusion with Euro-Collins-solution, while ATP had not changed and lactate had decreased during perfusion with HTK-solution. Normal glomerular, tubular and dilated vascular structures can be seen after HTK-perfusion, while a glomerular and vascular contraction takes place during Euro-Collins-perfusion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1434-0879
    Keywords: Euro-Collins-solution ; Glucose ; HTK-solution ; Intrarenal pH ; Lactate ; Renal ischemia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Energy reserves (TAN) and anaerobic substrates (glucose, glycogen) are lower in renal than in myocardial tissue. Euro-Collins-solution contains nearly 200 mmol/l glucose, while the HTK-solution of Bretschneider contains none. Therefore the influence of glucose on kidney lactate production, on energy reserves (TAN), intrarenal pH and on morphology during the protection of ischemic kidneys was analysed using either Euro-Collins-solution, or modified “Euro-Collins-solution”, containing mannitol instead of glucose, or HTK-solution with and without the addition of 5, 10 and 20 mmol/l glucose. Glucose content changed during kidney perfusion with Euro-Collins-solution from about 60 to 800 μmol/gdw. While intrarenal pH decreased from 7.1 to 5.1 in Euro-Collins-kidneys during 420 min of ischemia at 25°C, pH decreased to 6.7 with the modified, mannitol containing “Euro-Collins-solution”. In HTK-protected kidneys intrarenal pH decreased with increasing glucose addition to the solution. Although Total Adenine Nucleotides are highest at the end of ischemia with Euro-Collins-solution, structural protection after the same ischemic stress was best in HTK-protected kidneys without glucose addition. We conclude that glucose stimulated lactate production, reduced interstitial pH in the kidney even in combination with a highly buffered solution and that it might cause greater membrane permeability leading to a structural detoriation. Mannitol seemed more appropriate than glucose in this respect, although other substances, which provide energy substrate and prevent structural damage, may exist.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1434-0879
    Keywords: Energy metabolism ; Euro-Collins-solution ; HTK-solution ; Kidney preservation ; Intrarenal pH ; Renal ischemia ; Structural preservation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In 110 canine kidneys, we examined the time course of energy rich phosphates, lactate, intrarenal ph and renal morphology with Euro-Collins-or with HTK-protection of Bretschneider and compared these findings with unprotected kidneys during complete ischemia at 1 °C and at 25 °C. Both kidney protective solutions prolonged energyrich phosphate-decline by a factor of 3–4 compared with that of unprotected kidneys. The lactate increase was greater in Euro-Collins-protected kidneys than in HTK-protected and in unprotected kidneys, leading to pH values of 6.5 in Euro-Collins and to 6.4 in unprotected kidneys after 24 hours, in contrast to a pH-value of 7.3 with HTK-protection. This may be the reason for structural deterioration seen in unprotected and in Euro-Collins-protected kidneys after 12, and 48 h of ischemia at 1 °C, whereas in HTK-protected kidneys a sufficient preservation of structure can be seen. In one human kidney, protected with Euro-Collins-solution, we were able to show that at 1 °C intrarenal pH and lactate accumulation is similiar to the levels in canine kidneys. In Euro-Collins preserved kidneys lactate accumulation at 25 °C is even greater than at 1 °C, leading to inhibition of energy metabolism and to structural deterioration, whereas HTK-solution, because of its high buffer concentration, is able to maintain ischemic metabolism leading to sufficient protection of intrarenal pH and of adenine nucleotides as well as structural protection at 1 °C and at 25 °C.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Immunocytochemistry ; Juxtaglomerular apparatus ; Renin ; Angiotensin ; Angiotensinogen ; Converting enzyme ; Immunzytochemie ; Juxtaglomerulärer Apparat ; Renin ; Angiotensin ; Angiotensinogen ; Converting enzyme
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die intrarenale Verteilung von Renin, Converting enzyme (CE) und Angiotensin II (ANG II) wurde mit immunzytochemischen Methoden an Ratten und Mäusen untersucht. Die hier aufgezeigten spezifischen Verteilungsmuster dieser Komponenten des Renin-Angiotensin-Systems (RAS) legen die Annahme nahe, daß es neben den bekannten systemischen, durch ANG II vermittelten Effekten des RAS auch lokale Interaktionen von RAS-Bestandteilen innerhalb der Niere gibt. — Eine erste Folge dieser Interaktionen dürfte die intrarenale Generation einer zusätzlichen Portion von ANG II im Nierenblutstrom sein, deren Zielgebiet durch die spezifische Lokalisation von CE in bestimmten Endothelbereichen der Nierenstrombahn bestimmt wird. Solche intrarenal-intravasalen Reaktionen können für sich wirksam werden, aber auch den Effekt von „systemisch“, d.h. prärenal generiertem ANG II verstärken. — Unsere Ergebnisse sprechen weiter dafür, daß es neben diesen intrarenal-intravasalen auch echte intrarenal-interstitielle Interaktionen der RAS-Komponenten gibt, deren Wirkung sich über das im Interstitium der Nierenrinde generierte ANG II allein auf die Niere beschränkt. Für das Vorhandensein eines solchen lokal-intrarenalen RAS spricht vor allem der Nachweis von ANG II in den epitheloiden Zellen des JGA und die Dissoziation des systemischen — an der Plasmakonzentration abzulesenden — Renin und ANG II von deren lokal-intrarenalen Konzentrationen bei renal hypertensiven Ratten.
    Notes: Summary The localization of renin, converting enzyme (CE) and angiotensin II (ANG II) in the kidneys of rats and mice was investigated with immunocytochemical methods. According to the presence and specific intrarenal localization of these components of the renin-angiotensin-system (RAS) our results suggest that in addition to the well known systemic effects of the RAS, there are interactions of its components inside the kidney. These interactions may lead to the generation of an extra portion of ANG II in the renal blood stream with its target cells determined by the localization of CE at the luminal side of well defined endothelial areas. These intrarenal-intravasal reactions may or may not reinforce the action of “systemic” ANG II, generated prerenally. In addition, the existence of true intrarenal-interstitial interactions, with the different components and actions of this intrarenal RAS restricted entirely to the kidney is suggested by our results, particularly the demonstration of ANG II within epitheloid cells and the dissociation of systemic renin and ANG II from their local concentrations in renal hypertensive rats.
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