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  • General Chemistry  (6)
  • Lolium perenne  (6)
  • Salt tolerance  (6)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Salt tolerance in the halophyte Suaeda maritima L. Dum. (1985)
    Springer
    Planta 165 (1985), S. 392-396 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Salt tolerance ; Osmotic adjustment ; Turgor ; Suaeda (salt tolerance)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Osmotic potentials and individual epidermal cell turgor pressures were measured in the leaves of seedlings of Suaeda maritima growing over a range of salinities. Leaf osmotic potentials were lower (more negative) the higher the salt concentration of the solution and were lowest in the youngest leaves and stem apices, producing a gradient of osmotic potential towards the apex of the plant. Epidermal cell turgor pressures were of the order of 0.25 to 0.3 MPa in the youngest leaves measured, decreasing to under 0.05 MPa for the oldest leaves. This pattern of turgor pressure was largely unaffected by external salinity. Calculation of leaf water potential indicated that the gradient between young leaves and the external medium was not altered by salinity, but with older leaves, however, this gradient diminished from being the same as that for young leaves in the absence of NaCl, to under 30% of this value at 400 mM NaCl. These results are discussed in relation to the growth response of S. maritima.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00392237
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Solute distribution in Suaeda maritima (1983)
    Springer
    Planta 157 (1983), S. 344-349 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Glycinebetaine ; Ion, inorganic (distribution) ; Salt tolerance ; Shoot (solutes) ; Solute distribution ; Suaeda
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The distribution of sodium, potassium and glycinebetaine in shoot tissues of salt-treated Suaeda maritima was examined by semi-micro techniques after extraction into toluene-water. Much higher K/Na ratios were observed in the apical regions and in axillary buds than in more mature, fully vacuolated tissues. The younger tissues also contained very high levels of glycinebetaine. Electron-probe X-ray microanalysis of bulkfrozen and fractured preparations showed higher K/Na ratios and higher levels of sulphur and phosphorus in the cytoplasm of leaf primordial cells than in vacuoles of either young or old leaves, although the total counts were higher in the vacuolar samples. The results are discussed in relation to current models of subcellular solute compartmentation and salt tolerance in the Chenopodiaceae.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00397406
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cytogenetics of Lolium perenne (1983)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 65 (1983), S. 149-156 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Lolium perenne ; Meiosis ; Chiasma distribution ; U-type exchange
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary In two contrasting types of S5 inbred Lolium perenne a correlation has been found between the distribution pattern of chiasmata within bivalents and that of meiotic U-type exchange. The relationship between the two processes is discussed, in terms of inbreeding effects upon chiasma redistribution, and mention is also made of some other types of chromosome breakages which arise following enforced self-pollination.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00264883
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The presence of the enhanced K/Na discrimination trait in diploid Triticum species (1991)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 82 (1991), S. 729 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Triticum ; K/Na discrimination ; Salt tolerance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary A number of accessions of the three species of diploid wheat, Triticum boeoticum, T. monococcum, and T. urartu, were grown in 50 mol m-3 NaCl+2.5 mol m-3 CaCl2. Sodium accumulation in the leaves was low and potassium concentrations remained high. This was not the case in T. durum grown under the same conditions, and indicates the presence in diploid wheats of the enhanced K/Na discrimination character which has previously been found in Aegilops squarrosa and hexaploid wheat. None of the accessions of diploid wheat showed poor K/Na discrimination, which suggests that if the A genome of modern tetraploid wheats was derived from a diploid Triticum species, then the enhanced K/Na discrimination character became altered after the formation of the original allopolyploid. Another possibility is that a diploid wheat that did not have the enhanced K/Na discrimination character was involved in the hybridization event which produced tetraploid wheat, and that this diploid is now extinct or has not yet been discovered.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00227318
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cytogenetics of Lolium perenne (1983)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 64 (1983), S. 137-145 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Lolium perenne ; Inbred lines ; Meiosis ; Chiasma distribution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary An analysis of the patterns of chiasma distribution within bivalents, in a number of inbred lines of Lolium perenne, reveals a striking potential for variation in this character, as well as a polygenic genetic basis for its control. In parent plants the chiasmata have a regular pattern of localisation which restricts their formation to the ends of the chromosome arms: this strict localisation is progressively lost with inbreeding and novel patterns of distribution are found where chiasmata occur in more interstitial and proximal regions. The variation is continuous and originates from genotypic differences between the different parent plants, rather than from segregation among families deriving from individual parents.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00272721
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic analysis of salt tolerance during germination in Lycopersicon (1991)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 81 (1991), S. 321-326 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Lycopersicon esculentum ; Salt tolerance ; Seed germination ; Maternal effects ; Tomato improvement ; Gene action
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The salt-tolerant cultivated tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) accession, ‘PI174263’, and a sensitive cv, ‘UCT5’, were crossed to develop reciprocal F1, F2 and BC1 populations for genetic analysis of salt tolerance in tomatoes during seed germination. Variation was partitioned into embryo, endosperm and maternal (testa and cytoplasmic) components. Generation means analysis indicated that there were no significant embryo (additive, dominance or epistatic) effects on germination performance under salt stress. Highly significant endosperm additive and testa dominance effects were detected. The proportion of the total variance explained by the model containing these two components was R2=98.2%. Variance component analysis indicated a large genetic variance with additive gene action as the predominant component. Furhter inspection indicated that this variance was attributable to endosperm additive effects on germinability under salt stress. Narrow-sense heritability was estimated as moderately high. Implications for breeding procedures are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00228671
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mapping salt-tolerance genes in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) using trait-based marker analysis (1993)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 87 (1993), S. 184-192 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Tomato ; Salt tolerance ; Seed germination ; Isozyme markers ; QTL mapping
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The germination responsiveness of an F2 population derived from the cross Lycopersicon esculentum (UCT5) x L. pennellii (LA716) was evaluated for salt tolerance at two stress levels, 150 mM NaCl + 15 mM CaCl2 and 200 mM NaCl + 20 mM CaCl2. Individuals were selected at both tails of the response distribution. The salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive individuals were genotyped at 16 isozyme loci located on 9 of the 12 tomato chromosomes. In addition, an unselected (control) F2 population was genotyped at the same marker loci, and gene frequencies were estimated in both selected and unselected populations. Trait-based marker analysis was effective in identifying genomic locations (quantitative trait loci, QTLs) affecting salt tolerance in the tomato. Three genomic locations marked by Est-3 on chromosome 1, Prx-7 on chromosome 3, and 6Pgdh-2 and Pgi-1 on chromosome 12 showed significant positive effects, while 2 locations associated with Got-2 on chromosome 7 and Aps-2 on chromosome 8 showed significant negative effects. The identification of genomic locations with both positive and negative effects on this trait suggests the likelihood of recovering transgressive segregants in progeny derived from these parental lines. Similar genomic locations were identified when selection was made either for salt tolerance or salt sensitivity and at both salt-stress treatments. Comparable results were obtained in uni- and bidirectional selection experiments. However, when marker allele gene frequencies in a control population are unknown, bidirectional selection may be more efficient than unidirectional selection in identifying marker-QTL associations. Results from this study are discussed in relationship to the use of molecular markers in developing salt-tolerant tomatoes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00223763
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cytogenetics of Lolium perenne (1982)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 62 (1982), S. 177-183 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Lolium perenne ; Inbred lines ; Meiosis ; Chiasmata
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary A number of inbred lines of Lolium perenne have been developed as far as the fifth inbred generation and are being used for basic studies on the cytogenetics of the species. An analysis on variation in the pattern of chiasma frequency and distribution, including the parent plants and all generations down to the S5, reveals that the effect of inbreeding is to reduce chiasma frequency and to increase both the cell and bivalent variances. Evidence is presented for a genetic basis of polygenic control of chiasma formation and distribution, and a model is suggested for control over the three related components of variation which involves a two-stage level of regulation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00293355
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cytogenetics of Lolium perenne (1987)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 74 (1987), S. 233-241 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Lolium perenne ; Chromosome doubling ; Colchicine-induced variation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary A number of diploid inbred lines of Lolium perenne were treated with colchicine at the early seedling stage to induce chromosome doubling. In each inbred line the colchicine-treated undoubled diploids were kept as controls, as well as the normal untreated diploids. Comparisons of vegetative growth and development, involving the three treatments within each line, revealed that colchicine treatment of seedlings has long-lasting effects upon plant growth and development independent of chromosome doubling, and that for certain characteristics the effects of chromosome doubling are confounded with other effects of the treatment used to produce tetraploids. This colchicine induced variation in the diploids is transmitted through the seed generations in at least one of the inbred lines. The variation appears to be non-random and also shows a strong genotypic component. In so far as the effects of chromosome doubling could be determined, they showed the usual gigas response but were again strongly influenced by genotype.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00289974
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Colchicine-induced heritable variation in cell size and chloroplast number in the leaf cells of inbred ryegrasses (Lolium perenne, L. multiflorum) (1991)
    Springer
    Euphytica 52 (1991), S. 39-45 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Lolium multiflorum ; Italian ryegrass ; Lolium perenne ; perennial ryegrass ; cell size ; chloroplast number ; colchicine-induced changes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary A 3 hr period of treatment with a 0.2% aqueous solution of colchicine was given to one week old seedlings of 3 inbred lines of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) and 4 lines of Italian ryegrass (L. multiflorum). The surviving plants developed as mixoploids and were self-pollinated. In the following generation (CT1) the seeds were grown without further treatment, and were screened cytologically at the seedling stage to separate out diploids from tetraploids. Only the diploids were kept, and in this CT1 generation comparisons were then made between controls (2x) and colchicine-treated diploids (C2x) for leaf mesophyll cell size and chloroplast number variation. Heritable differences were found such that the cell plan areas and/or the numbers of chloroplasts per cell were significantly greater in the C2x compared with the 2x treatment in 3 and 5 out of the 7 lines. In each case there was enhancement of chloroplast numbers independently of the variation in cell size.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00037855
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