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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 116 (1974), S. 95-114 
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Non-ketotic hyperglycinaemia ; Dietetic treatment ; Histologic changes of brain ; Liver
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wird über eine Patientin mit einer nichtketotischen Hyperglycinämie berichtet, die 2 Jahre lang mit einer vollsynthetischen Kost aus einem Aminosäurengemisch, Mineralien, Glucose, Fett und Vitaminzusätzen behandelt wurde. Die diätetische Behandlung sowie Zusatz von Natrium-Benzoat zur Nahrung führten nur kurzfristig zu einem Absinken der Plasma-Glycin-Konzentrationen. Nach Anreicherung der Nahrung mit L-Methionin in einer Dosierung von 300 mg/kg KG/die zeigten sich zwar deutlich niedrigere Glycinspiegel, gleichzeitig kam es aber zu einer exzessiven Hypermethioninämie. L-Methionin-Gabe in Dosierungen von 150–200 mg/kg KG hatten keinen Einfluß auf die Höhe des Plasma-Glycin-Spiegels. Die körperliche Entwicklung des Kindes unter Diätbehandlung war altersentsprechend. Ein Einfluß auf die geistige Entwicklung wurde nicht bemerkt, es bestand aber bereits zu Beginn der Behandlung das Bild einer Decrebrierung. Pathologisch-histologisch zeigten sich Veränderungen des ZNS in Form von Markscheidenreifungshemmung und einer spongiösen Degeneration der weißen Substanz in Großhirn, Kleinhirn und Rückenmark sowie Einlagerungen von doppeltbrechenden Kristallen. In der grauen Substanz waren keine groben Alterationen nachweisbar. Im Bereich des peripheren Nervensystems fanden sich keine Markscheidenausfälle und keine doppeltbrechenden Kristalle. Die Leber zeigte eine leichte Vacuolisierung der Leberzellen und eine starke Einlagerung von doppeltbrechenden Kristallen in Parenchymzellen und Makrophagen.
    Notes: Abstract A girl with non-ketotic hyperglycinaemia was treated for 2 years with a synthetic diet consisting of a glycine- and serine-free amino-acid mixture, glucose, fat, minerals, and vitamins. The addition of sodium benzoate to this diet resulted in only a temporary decrease of the plasma glycine concentration. Addition of 300 mg methionine/kg/day led to a marked reduction of glycine in the plasma but also to an excessive increase of the methionine plasma concentration. L-methionine at a lower dose did not influence the plasma glycine level. During the dietary treatment an almost normal gain of body weight was observed, though the psychomotor development was not influenced. Post mortem the following changes were noted: 1. reduced myelination of the white matter; 2. spongiform alterations of the white matter of the cerebrum, the cerebellum, and the spinal cord; 3. inclusions of birefringent crystals in liver and brain. The grey matter of the cerebrum did not show any marked alterations. In peripheral nerves no areas of demyelination or inclusions of crystals were found.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 139 (1982), S. 295-296 
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Selenium ; Hair ; Infants ; Children
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Hair selenium content was estimated by instrumental neutron activation analysis in Libyan infants and children. There was no significant difference between the values of young infants from North and South Libya. The hair selenium content rapidly decreased from 1071 ±75 ng/g in newborns to 301±99 ng/g in 7–10 months old infants in North Libya and to 557±204 ng/g in South Libya. In North Libya the values of preschool children were 409±117 ng/g and those of school children 464±124 ng/g.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Selenium ; Supplementation ; Plasma ; Glutathione peroxidase ; Glutathione S-transferase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The plasma glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx) activity was measured in normal adults and children and in patients with reduced selenium state because of dietary treatment of metabolic diseases (phenylketonuria or maple-syrup-urine disease) before and after selenium supplementation. Besides GSHPx (measured with t-butyl hydroperoxide, cumene hydroperoxide and hydrogen peroxide as acceptor substrates) the activity of glutathione S-transferase was estimated in plasma. Plasma GSHPx activity in healthy children was significantly lower than in healthy adults. In 11 dietetically treated patients with phenylketonuria or maple-syrup-urine disease the plasma GSHPx was reduced to about 17% of the values of healthy children of the same age. No glutathione S-transferase activity could be found in plasma of children in normal or reduced Se state. During administration of yeast rich in Se (200μg Se/d) for 90 days 2 healthy adults showed no significant change of plasma GSHPx activity. During Se supplementation (75–100μg Se/d) for 120–163 days 5 dietetically treated patients with PKU or MSUD exhibited a significant increase of plasma GSHPx activity within 2 days. The values reached a plateau after 1 to 3 weeks of supplementation and remained at this level within the following 4 to 5 months. Therefore, the activity of plasma glutathione peroxidase can be used as an indicator of short-term changes of selenium intake in selenium deficient individuals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 128 (1978), S. 213-223 
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Selenium ; Gluthathione peroxidase ; Dietotherapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The selenium content of serum, whole blood and hair was measured by neutron activation analysis in dietetically treated patients with phenylketonuria (PKU) and maple-syrup-urine disease (MSUD). Follow-up studies showed a decrease of the serum selenium content and the glutathione peroxidase activity of erythrocytes—a selenoenzyme—from normal values at the beginning of the diet to 20% (selenium) and 50% (gluthione peroxidase) of normal within 10–12 weeks of dietary treatment. In 36 patients the serum selenium content was lower at 6.7–28×10-9 g/ml, independent of the age of the patients (0.5 to 10 years). The selenium content of whole blood was reduced: median=98×10-9 g/g dry weight; range 75 to 165×10-9 g/g dry weight (healthy children: median=381×10-9 g/g dry weight; range 245 to 588×10-9 g/g dry weight). The selenium content of hair was markedly lower in the patients (median=62×10-9 g/g; range 13–140×10-9 g/g) than in healthy children (median=429; range 213 to 720×10-9 g/g). The mean glutathione peroxidase activity of erythrocytes was reduced to 4.6±0.64 U37/g Hb, in comparison to normal values (mean=8.8±0.88 U37/gHb).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 129 (1978), S. 139-145 
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Selenium ; Human milk ; Cow's milk ; Cow's milk infant formula
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The selenium content of human milk, cow's milk and cow's milk infant formula were estimated by instrumental neutron activation analysis. The highest values were found in 3 samples of human colostrum (524–865×10-9 g/g dry weight). There was a significant decrease with increasing time post partum. Mature human milk exhibited a selenium content of 230±79×10-9 g/g dry weight. The selenium content of 45 samples of cow's milk from the north-western area of Germany was 200±39×10-9 g/g dry weight. While there was no significant difference between the values of mature human milk and of cow's milk, cow's milk infant formula exhibited significantly (P〈0.01) lower values than human milk. The average selenium content of 107 samples of 10 different commercially available fluid and powdered cow's milk infant formulas (range: 18–171×10-9 g/g dry weight) amounted to about only one third of that in mature human milk.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Selenium ; Glutathione peroxidase ; Selenium deficiency ; Selenium supplementation ; Nutrition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The diets of 5 patients with phenylketonuria or maple-syrup-urine disease were supplemented with yeast which was rich in selenium. For 120 days the patients received 45 μg Se/day to increase the Se content of their diets to 10–12ng Se/Kjoule. Before supplementation the selenium content of serum (5–15 ng/ml) and whole blood (10–27 ng/ml), and the activity of the erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase (0.19–2.69 U37/g Hb), amounted to only 10–20% of normal. The serum selenium content reached normal values within 4 weeks of supplementation, followed by normalisation of the selenium content of whole blood within 4–8 weeks. Restoration of the activity of erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase took 9 to 15 weeks —the red cell life span. There was a significant positive correlation between the selenium content of the erythrocytes and the activity of erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Selenium ; Intake ; Children ; Phenylketonuria
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In 20 healthy infants and children, 5–20 months old, the Se intake was estimated by analysing food samples by instrumental neutron activation analysis. The intake was calculated by weighing the portions offered and actually consumed. The median Se content of the food amounted to 27 ng/g wet weight (gww) and median daily Se intake to 33.5 μg. The Se intake was not equally distributed over the day. About 50% of the daily Se intake was derived from the supper. The main Se sources (41%) for young children were cereal paps. Commercially, available meals (30 ng/g) contained less Se than home-made ones (50 ng/g). In nine dietetically treated patients with phenylketonuria the median Se intake amounted only to 6.9 μg/day corresponding to a mean Se content of the diet of 7.9 ng/g. The main Se source in the diet was vegetables (36.3%) and 20% derived from their protein supplements. The Se intake of young children, healthy or dietetically treated, cannot be calculated accurately from tables but must be estimated by measuring the Se content of the local food because cereals and vegetables-the main Se sources-exhibit great regional variations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 125 (1977), S. 81-88 
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Selenium ; Glutathione peroxidase ; Normal values ; Blood ; Infants ; Children ; Milk ; Nutrition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The selenium concentration of serum is age-dependent. The median value at birth ( $$\tilde x$$ =50×10−9g/ml) amounts to half of the median value of adults ( $$\tilde x$$ =102×10−9g/ml). After a decrease in early infancy to $$\tilde x$$ =34×10−9g/ml it steadily increases to $$\tilde x$$ =58×10−9g/ml in the second half of the first year, to $$\tilde x$$ =82×10−9g/ml in 1–5 year old children, and to $$\tilde x$$ =92×10−9g/ml in school children. The activities of the selenium containing enzyme glutathione peroxidase of erythrocytes are also reduced in early infancy (x=7.2±0.36 U37/g Hb), whereas the enzyme activities of cord blood erythrocytes (x=8.72±0.76 U37/g Hb) are in the same range as those of older children or adults. The selenium content of some commercially available milk formulas for infants are lower than those of human and cow's milk.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Key words Protein quality ; Dietetic treatment ; Phenylketonuria
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The protein quality of the diets of phenylketonuria (PKU) children of different ages (3 months, 10 months, 3 years, 8 years, 12 years, 16 years) with low or high phenylalanine (Phe) tolerance was assessed according to the recommendations of the FAO/WHO consultation group [13]. The amount of each essential amino acid (AA) per gram dietary protein was calculated and compared to the reference. The resultant amino acid score (AAS) indicated a limited to inadequate biological protein quality of the diets in 3-month-old infants (2.2 g protein/kg body weight/day) and 10-month-old infants (2.0 g protein/kg body weight/day) with a “high” Phe tolerance. In all other age groups the AAS was 〉 100%. However remarkable imbalances in the AA pattern were apparent. Beginning with the age of 3 years (1.7 g protein/kg body weight/day) the intake of the AA lysine and isoleucine was three or two times higher than recommended. At the age of 8 years (1.4 g protein/kg body weight/day) the intake of three AA (valine, isoleucine, lysine) was – related to the WHO recommendations – 217%, 229% and 291%. Similar results could be found in the age groups of 12 years (1.1 g protein/kg body weight/day) and 16 years (0.9 g protein/kg body weight/day), respectively. These calculations might help to reconsider the composition of the AA mixtures used in the dietetic treatment of PKU patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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