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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Persistent hypoglycaemia ; nesidioblastosis ; islet cells ; islet adenoma ; immunocytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Pancreatic tissue obtained at subtotal pancreatectomy from 15 infants with persistent hypoglycaemia with hyperinsulinism, and autopsy specimens from 23 age-matched normoglycaemic controls, were studied with morphometric methods after immunocytochemical staining of the four main islet cell types (A, B, D and pancreatic polypeptide cells). In three cases, a focal lesion was detected by gross examination. Macroscopic or microscopic examination did not distinguish the 12 other cases from controls. As found previously, nesidioblastosis was not a specific feature of the pancreas in infantile hypoglycaemia, being observed in age-matched controls as well. In cases with hypoglycaemia the volume density of B cells was not significantly increased; that of the A cells was within normal range. The volume density of pancreatic polypeptide cells was markedly augmented and that of somatostatin cells was significantly decreased. The mean nuclear volume of the B cells was increased by 40% in cases with diffuse changes, but in cases with a focal lesion this increase was restricted to the abnormal area. This finding is of decisive importance for diagnosis and has therapeutic implications. The increase in B-cell nuclear size is thought to reflect an enhanced functional activity of these cells. On the other hand, the figures obtained for the volume density of B and D cells must be viewed with some reservation because degranulation may interfere with accurate detection of these cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Physical training ; glucose tolerance ; skeletal muscle glucose metabolism ; insulin sensitivity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effect of physical training on glucose tolerance in vivo and skeletal muscle glucose metabolism in vitro was investigated in normal rats. Treadmill running for 10 days up to 240 min/day led to a decrease of basal and glucose-stimulated plasma insulin levels without major alterations of the IV glucose tolerance (1 g/kg body weight). Swim training of two weeks' duration, i. e. exercise up to 2×75 min/ day, which did not induce significant changes in body composition, skeletal muscle glycogen levels or citrate synthase activity, resulted in a significant improvement of IV glucose tolerance and substantial reductions of basal and glucose-stimulated plasma insulin levels. Associated with this apparent improvement of insulin sensitivity in vivo, significant increases of the insulin-stimulated glucose uptake (+ 55%) and lactate oxidation (+ 78%) in vitro were found on perfusion of the isolated hindquarter of swim-trained animals. It is suggested that mild physical training can improve glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in normal rats, at least in part, due to an increase of insulin sensitivity of skeletal muscle glucose metabolism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 116 (1978), S. 567-574 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Fluorocarbons ; Local sources
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract In the densely populated Wuppertal-Düsseldorf area the atmospheric concentrations of CCl2F2 and CCl3F near ground level were measured by ECGC and GC-MS method. Special systems for sampling and calibrating were developed. As mean concentration averages over the time period from December 1976 to May 1977 a value of 650±356 pptv was determined for CCl2F2 (F12) and of 490±279 pptv for CCl3F (F 11).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 82 (1991), S. 516-519 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Multidrug resistance ; P-glycoprotein ; Glial tumor ; Immunohistochemistry ; RNA analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The most consistantly reported alteration of multidrug-resistant carcinoma cells is the overexpression of a membrane glycoprotein, termed P-glycoprotein. In this study we examined whether the strong intrinsic chemotherapy resistance of glial tumors might be related to the expression of the MDR1 gene which codes for P-glycoprotein. Fourteen glial tumors were examined immunohistochemically using the monoclonal antibody C219. In addition, RNA samples of 11 of these tumors were analysed using a sensitive Northern blot assay. P-glycoprotein is expressed in all 14 glial tumors; the number of stained tumor cells, however, varied considerably ranging from 0.3% to 15%. There was no correlation between the number of MDR1-positive cells and the histological malignancy. Varying amounts of MDR1 mRNA were detectable in 7 from 11 examined tumors. The results of our study show that the MDR1 gene is expressed in human glial tumors and suggest that the multidrug transporter may contribute to the clinical non-responsiveness of these tumors to chemotherapy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: L-Carnitine ; Renal failure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The influence of age, sex, and renal function on serum levels and urinary excretion of free carnitine was studied in 187 subjects. Sixty-one subjects with normal renal function (creatinine clearance 〉100 ml/min) showed a serum carnitine level of 72.2±23.2 µmol/l. The carnitine values of males (76.8±23.3 µmol/l,n=39) were higher (p〈0.05) than those of females (64.0±21.0 µmol/l, n=22). Carnitine levels did not correlate with age. Values in patients with normal renal function did not differ from serum carnitine levels in healthy controls (74.7±17.5 µmol/l,n=49). The mean urinary carnitine excretion per day was 163.5 µmol (range 63.7–419.6 µmol) in patients with intact renal function. Extreme impairment of glomerular filtration rate (creatinine clearance 〈20 ml/min) resulted in higher carnitine concentrations in serum (108.9±39.4 µmol/l,n=18,p〈0.05), lower carnitine elimination per day (78.5 µmol, range 14.5–424.3 µmol,n=18,p〈0.05) and a decreased carnitine clearance (0.8 ml/min, range 0.2–3.8 ml/min). These data together with earlier results obtained in dialysis patients suggest that carnitine metabolism in renal failure is altered by reduction of both endogenous carnitine biosynthesis and renal carnitine clearance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Myelolipoma ; Pyruvate kinase deficiency
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The case of a patient with erythrocyte pyruvate kinase (PK) deficiency hemolytic anemia leading to extramedullary hematopoiesis in a paravertebral myelolipoma is presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 44 (1966), S. 488-493 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The whole body retention and excretion of131I was studied in human beings after the intravenous injection of 10–20 mg131I-polyvinylpyrrolidone (≡PVP: molecular weight ∼30000) using a 4π whole body radioactivity detector with liquid organic scintillators. The injected131I-PVP disappears with a biological half life (≡BHL) of ∼13 hours very rapidly from the blood plasma space. Between 56 and 60% of the injected131I-PVP are excreted with the urine during the first days. About 39% of the injected131I are eliminated from the whole body with a BHL of 60 days, which is practically identical with the BHL of the organic iodine phase in man (℞ 64 days). Iodide blocked persons excrete about 32% of the131I (which was injected as131I-PVP) with a whole body BHL of only 39 days. From these and other data it was concluded that 32% of the injected131I-PVP are incorporated into the reticuloendothelial system (RES) and loose their131I-label there with a BHL of about 39 days (≡1.8%/day), whereas the PVP itself is stored in the RES with a very long BHL of probably years. Since even smallest amounts (10–20 mg) of a PVP-preparation with a molecular weight of ∼30000 are rapidly eliminated from the blood plasma space (BHL ∼13 hours) via urinary excretion and permanent RES storage it is concluded that it will be principally impossible to approach the metabolic behaviour of an “ideal plasma expander” with blood plasma substitutes which are based on PVP. For the diagnosis of serumprotein loss into the gastro-intestinal tract in exsudative gastroenteropathy131I-PVP is not at all superior to131I labelled human serum albumin, since131I-PVP is unstable and looses “in vitro” as well as “in vivo” per day 1.8% of its131I label. In addition the metabolism of131I-PVP is completely different from the metabolism of serum proteins in man.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Nach i. v. Injektion von 10 bis 20 mg131J-Polyvinylpyrrolidon (131J-PVP) wurde am Menschen neben der Abwanderung aus dem Blutplasmaraum die Gesamtkörper-Retention und Exkretion des131J mit dem Hamburger 4π-Großraum-Radioaktivitäts-Detektor mit flüßigem organischem Szintillator gemessen. Das i. v. injizierte131J-PVP (Molekulargewicht ∼30000) verschwindet mit einer biologischen Halbwertzeit (= BHZ) von 13 Std sehr schnell aus dem Blutplasmaraum und wird zu 56–60% mit dem Harn während der ersten Tage ausgeschieden. Etwa 39% der als131J-PVP injizierten131J-Menge werden mit einer biologischen Gesamtkörper-Halbwertzeit von 60 Tagen ausgeschieden. Da diese BHZ mit der BHZ der organischen Jodphase beim Menschen (≡ 64 Tage;Heinrich u.Gabbe, 1964) praktisch identisch ist und von jodidblockierten Personen 32% der als131J-PVP injizierten131J-Menge mit einer Gesamtkörper-BHZ von nur 39 Tagen ausgeschieden werden, wird gefolgert, daß die in das reticuloendotheliale System (≡RES) eingelagerten 32% der131J-PVP-Testdosis ihre Jodmarkierung mit einer BHZ von 39 Tagen abspalten (1,8%/Tag) und das PVP selbst mit einer sehr viel längeren BHZ (Jahre ?) im RES gespeichert bleibt. Da selbst kleinste Mengen (10–20 mg) eines PVP-Präparates mit dem MG℞30000 sehr schnell durch Harnexkretion und RES-Dauerspeicherung aus dem Blutplasma mit einer BHZ von 13 Std eliminiert werden, dürfte es grundsätzlich unmöglich sein, mit einem Blutplasma-Ersatzmittel auf PVP-Basis die Stoffwechsel-Eigenschaften eines idealen Plasmaexpanders zu erreichen. Für die Diagnostik des Serumprotein-Verlustes bei der exsudativen Gastroenteropathie bietet die Verwendung von131J-PVP gegenüber der Benutzung von131J-Human-Serumalbumin keine wesentlichen Vorteile, da das131J-PVP „in vitro“ und „in vivo“ ständig131J- abspaltet (1,8%/Tag) und sich in seinem Stoffwechselverhalten beträchtlich von den Serumproteinen unterscheidet.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The whole body retention of absorbed59Fe was measured over a period of 170 days with a 4π large volume radioactivity detector with liquid organic scintillator in patients with liver cirrhosis (with and without a portacaval shunt) as well as in patients with portal hypertension and normal liver function. From the estimated59Fe whole body retention a biological half life of 1004±422 ( $$\bar m$$ ±s) days and a relative59Fe turnover rate of 0.069±0.029 ( $$\bar m$$ ±s) %/day was calculated for the patients with liver cirrhosis and a portacaval shunt. An identical biological half life of 1018±404 ( $$\bar m$$ ±s) days and relative59Fe turnover rate of 0.068±0.027 ( $$\bar m$$ ±s) %/day was measured in patients with liver cirrhosis without a portacaval shunt. The intestinal iron absorption is increased tenfold and the relative whole body59Fe-turnover rate (=excretion) is reduced to 50% of the normal value in patients with liver cirrhosis independent of the existence of a portacaval anastomosis. These results may explain the development of haemochromatosis in patients with liver cirrhosis.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Bei Patienten mit Lebercirrhose mit bzw. ohne portocavaler Anastomose und Patienten mit portaler Hypertension und normaler Leberfunktion wurde die Gesamtkörperretention des resorbierten59Fe in einem 4π-Großraum-Radioaktivitäts-Detektor mit flüssigem organischem Szintillator bestimmt. Aus der über den Zeitraum von 170 Tagen gemessenen59Fe-Gesamtkörperretention wurde für die Patienten mit Lebercirrhose und angelegter portocavaler Anastomose eine biologische Halbwertszeit von 1004±422 ( $$\bar m$$ ±s) Tagen entsprechend einer relativen59Fe-Umsatzrate von 0,069±0,029 ( $$\bar m$$ ±s) %/Tag berechnet. Bei den Patienten mit Lebercirrhose ohne portocavale Anastomose wurde eine damit praktisch übereinstimmende biologische Halbwertszeit von 1018±404 ( $$\bar m$$ ±s) Tagen entsprechend einer relativen59Fe-Umsatzrate von 0,068±0,027 ( $$\bar m$$ ±s) %/Tag ermittelt. Die bei Patienten mit Lebercirrhose (ohne oder mit portocavaler Anastomose) auf das Zehnfache der Norm heraufgesetzte intestinale Eisenresorption sowie die auf die Hälfte der Norm herabgesetzte Gesamtkörper-Umsatzrate (=Exkretion) des resorbierten Eisens erklären die bei Patienten mit Lebercirrhose häufig sich ausbildende Hämochromatose.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 26 (1948), S. 346-349 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Attachment strength and colonization patterns of one barnacle (Balanus c.f. variegatus) and one polychaete species (Pomatoleios kraussii) on seven artificial substrata with surface tensions between 19 and 64.5 mNm-1 were studied between June 1991 and January 1992 at Laem Than (Chonburi province, Gulf of Thailand). The purpose of the present study was to demonstrate the role that surface tension plays under natural conditions in colonization success by these species. Does stronger adhesion to one substratum result in higher densities of specimens on that particular surface? Although both species adhere much better on substrata with higher surface tension than on surfaces with low surface tension (B. c.f. variegatus: between 0.04×105 and 16.35×105 Nm-2 on surfaces of 22 and 33.5 mNm-1, respectively; P. kraussii: between 0.22×105 and 1.73×105 Nm-2 on 19 and 33.5 mNm-1, respectively), colonization pattern is not influenced by surface tension. The major factors influencing settlement patterns seem to be space competition for B. c.f. variegatus and attraction to already settled adults by P. kraussii. The results show that the importance of surface tension in marine fouling control is limited because organisms colonize substrata successfully despite lower adhesion. Attachment strength is not a limiting factor under natural conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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