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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Key words Amino acid ; Nitrogen balance ; Slow hemodialysis ; Critically ill ; Renal failure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective: The effects of slow diurnal hemodialysis (slow HD) on amino acid losses and nitrogen balance were studied. Design: Slow HD was conducted for 10 h during the day at the dialysate flow rate of 30 ml/min. The patients received total parenteral nutrition including 40 g of amino acids (6.08 g of nitrogen). The amino acid concentrations in plasma and dialysate were determined and the daily nitrogen balance was calculated from the urea nitrogen appearance. Patients: Six critically ill patients with renal failure were entered into the study. Results: Slow HD eliminated 48.5±4.4 mmol (6.2±0.6 g) of amino acids, representing 16% of the daily amino acid load. The estimated nitrogen balance was –2.3±1.3 g/day. Amino acid nitrogen lost in the dialysate was 1.0±0.1 g, contributing 43% of the daily negative nitrogen balance. Conclusion: The amount of amino acid losses during slow HD should be taken into consideration when designing nutritional schedules for maintaining positive nitrogen balance in critically ill patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Amikacin ; Pharmacokinetics ; Slow hemodialysis ; Renal failure ; Critically ill patients
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective The pharmacokinetics of amikacin were studied in patients undergoing slow hemodialysis (HD). Design Slow HD was performed at the dialysate flow rate of 30 ml/min. After a single intravenous dose of amikacin 5 mg/kg, pharmacokinetic variables were calculated by fitting indivdual concentration-time curves to a two-compartment open model. Patients 6 critically ill patients with renal failure were entered into the study. Results The volume of distribution was 0.35±0.03 l/kg. Total body clearance was 35.1±2.3 ml/min with an elimination half-life of 10.5 h. During a 10.5 h session of slow HD, the serum amikacin concentration decreased from the peak level of 21.3±1.2 mg/l to 7.2±0.9 mg/l. Conclusion Slow HD eliminate amikacin more efficiently than other types of slowly performed renal replacement therapy and had profound effects on the pharmacokinetics. Amikacin elimination by this approach should be taken into consideration for designing a dosage schedule during the treatment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Macrophage ; subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) ; subarachnoid fibrosis ; scanning electron microscope (SEM)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Sixty dogs with experimental subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH), repeated SAH, and subarachnoid fibrosis (examined three weeks and three months after SAH, and treated with urokinase or dexamethasone) were examined by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The authors observed the resting and activated macrophages, the erythrophagocytosis, and giant cells in the subarachnoid space after SAH. They consider that the macrophages play an important role in the formation of subarachnoid fibrosis, similar to the role of macrophages in fibrosis in other sites.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 46 (1979), S. 105-117 
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Subarachnoid haemorrhage ; subarachnoid fibrosis ; scanning electron microscope ; cerebrospinal fluid pathway
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Scanning electron microscopic observations of the subarachnoid space were made in dogs focussing upon the fibre components in both the normal subarachnoid space and in areas of post-haemorrhagic fibrosis. It was concluded that the fibrous tissue originates from the arachnoid membrane itself, while organized haematoma is considered to form a component of the fibrosis. Perfusion of the subarachnoid space of dogs with a solution of 0.1% Toluidine Blue was also done. This showed that cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is carried from the subarachnoid space directly to the dural sinuses through a fine string-like structure, which is conceivably one of the collateral CSF absorptive pathways.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 50 (1979), S. 265-272 
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Electron microscope ; subarachnoid haemorrhage ; hydrocephalus ; subarachnoid fibrosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Scanning electron microscopic changes in the subarachnoid space after subarachnoid haemorrhage are described. The obstructive changes were classified into five grades ranging from patency to total obstruction. We report a correlation between communicating hydrocephalus and obstruction above grade 3 in the parasagittal region (p 〈 0.01) and the lateral cerebral fissure (p 〈 0.05).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Subarachnoid hemorrhage ; hydrocephalus ; subarachnoid fibrosis ; scanning electron microscope
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The possible changes in the subarachnoid space after subarachnoid haemorrhage were studied in animals by using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). About 1 ml/kg of autogenous blood was injected intracisternally in 36 adult mongrel dogs to investigate changes in the subarachnoid space, over periods ranging from immediately after the injection to as long as 6 months. We have come to the conclusion that the injected blood disappears in about one to two weeks; the fibrosis or thickening of the arachnoid membrane appears in one to three weeks, and then returns to normal in a month in instances of rapid recovery, but there are some cases in which fibrosis persists for a long period and becomes chronic. The fact that an increase of fibrous tissue was found in the parietal region, where the injected blood had hardly reached, appears to indicate that the fibrosis is not always limited to the site of the haemorrhage but can occur in remote regions. We also discuss the usefulness of the SEM in the observation of the subarachnoid space, and the finding that vascular specimen preparations can be made by perfusing the brain with 2–10% phosphate-buffered formaldehyde solution.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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