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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thalamo-cortical projections for recruiting responses and spindling-like responses in the parietal cortex (1975)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 22 (1975), S. 87-96 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Thalamus ; Cortex ; Recruiting response ; Spindling
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. The thalamic neurones sending their axons to the parietal association cortex (middle suprasylvian gyrus) and receiving monosynaptic excitation from the cerebellar (interpositus or lateral) nucleus were recorded with microelectrodes extracellularly and intracellularly around the anterior ventral (VA) nucleus of the thalamus in cats. Such thalamic neurones are known to carry exclusively the impulses responsible for superficial thalamo-cortical (T-C) responses in the parietal cortex, being called superficial T-C neurones (see Sasaki et al., 1972a, b). 2. Repetitive (6–9/sec) stimulation of the centrum medianum-parafascicular complex (CM) or the intralaminar nuclei (IL) of the thalamus elicited grouped spike discharges of the neurone in synchronization with the recruiting responses in the parietal cortex. The grouped discharges usually preceded the respective cortical responses by several milliseconds. Numbers of the spikes in the grouped discharges increased and decreased as the recruiting responses waxed and waned on the repetitive stimulation. 3. The superficial T-C neurones also showed similar grouped discharges in synchronization with spindling-like, surface-negative cortical responses which occurred spontaneously or were evoked by single thalamic stimulation. 4. It was concluded that the superficial T-C neurones can convey impulses for recruiting responses and spindling-like responses from the thalamus directly to the cerebral cortex. They are supposed to constitute the final T-C pathway of the neuronal circuits of the recruiting system, i.e., non-specific T-C projection system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00235413
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electrophysiologic studies on the pallido- and cerebellothalamic projections in squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus) (1983)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 51 (1983), S. 77-87 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Pallidum ; Cerebellar nuclei ; Thalamus ; Monkey
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Thalamic projections of the pallidum and the deep cerebellar nuclei were studied by unitary recordings as well as field potential analysis in the thalamus of squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus) under sodium pentobarbital anesthesia. Stimulation of the pallidum produced a positive field potential preceded by incoming afferent fiber volleys in the thalamus. Spontaneous discharges of thalamic neurons were suppressed during this positive potential, and intracellular recordings from the thalamic neurons revealed that the time course of this field potential corresponded to that of the hyperpolarizing potential. The hyperpolarization was presumed to be a monosynaptic inhibitory postsynaptic potential by the short synaptic delay (about 0.5–0.7 ms) and responsiveness to high frequency stimulation (over 150 Hz). The positive field potential on stimulation of the external pallidal segment was distributed in L.po (VA) and the reticular thalamic nucleus around L.po, whereas that on stimulation of the internal segment was in V.o.a (the anterior basal part of VL) and in Z.o (upper part of VL). The projection of the external segment appeared to be less dense than that of the internal segment. The projection of deep cerebellar nuclei was situated in V.o.a, V.o.p (posterior part of basal part of VL), V.o.i (VLm), the intralaminar nucleus (CL), and some part of V. im (the rostral part of VPLo). Projections of the interpositus and dentate nuclei were distributed in a more anterior part than those of the fastigial nucleus. A certain topographical arrangement of the projections of these three nuclei was found in V.o.p, V.o.i and V.im. No significant overlap was detected between projections of the pallidum and the deep cerebellar nuclei within the thalamus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00236805
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electrophysiological studies on cerebello-cerebral projections in the cat (1972)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 16 (1972), S. 75-88 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Cerebellum ; Thalamus ; Cerebral Cortex
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. Cerebello-cerebral projections were electrophysiologically investigated in cats under light Nembutal anaesthesia. Marked responses were produced by stimulation of the interpositus and the lateral nucleus of the cerebellum not only in the pericruciate but also in the suprasylvian cortical areas, both areas being contralateral to the cerebellar nuclei stimulated. Medial nucleus stimulation set up little or no response in the cerebral cortex. 2. The previous electrophysiological study on thalamo-cortical (T-C) projections showed two different kinds of responses in the cortex due presumably to two different T-C projection systems, i. e., deep and superficial T-C responses (see Sasaki et al., 1970). According to laminar field potential analysis, the response in the pericruciate area is characterized by a deep T-C response which is often followed by a superficial T-C response, whereas the response in the parietal cortex consists of a pure superficial T-C response. Intracellular potential changes in cortical neurones elicited by cerebellar nucleus stimulation were consistent with the results of laminar field potential analysis. 3. Comparison between laminar field potentials in the same cortex produced by thalamic and cerebellar nucleus stimulation suggests that the response in the pericruciate cortex is mediated by the ventral lateral nucleus and that the response in the parietal cortex is relayed by the ventral anterior nucleus of the thalamus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00233375
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the cerebello-thalamo-cerebral pathway for the parietal cortex (1972)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 16 (1972), S. 89-103 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Cerebellum ; Thalamus ; Parietal Cortex
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. The cerebello-thalamo-cerebral projection system mediating the cerebellar-induced “superficial thalamo-cortical (T-C) response” (the basic type of the so-called recruiting response) to the anterior part of the middle suprasylvian gyrus was investigated electrophysiologically. Responses of thalamic neurones to stimulation of the cerebral cortex and the cerebellar nucleus (medial, interpositus and lateral) were recorded by microelectrodes. 2. In the anterior portions of the ventral thalamic nuclear complex, presumably in and/or around the ventral anterior (VA) nucleus, there were found neurones responding antidromically to stimulation of the suprasylvian cortex and orthodromically to that of the interpositus and the lateral nucleus of the cerebellum. They were called P neurones. The neurones responding antidromically to stimulation of the anterior sigmoid cortex and orthodromically to that of the cerebellar nuclei located mostly caudo ventrolateral to the place of P neurones, presumably in and/or around the ventral lateral (VL) nucleus. These were called F neurones. 3. The cerebellar excitation of P neurones was estimated on its latency to be monosynaptic and was usually followed by an inhibition lasting for more than 100 msec. Large unitary EPSPs were sometimes noted in P neurones on cerebellar stimulation as well as spontaneously. It was concluded that P neurones constitute the direct T-C projection system mediating the superficial T-C response (e. g., recruiting response) to the parietal cortex.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00233376
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kinetics of littorine content in various developing stages of regenerates of Atropa belladonna (2000)
    Springer
    Plant cell reports 19 (2000), S. 1021-1026 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Keywords: Key words Atropa belladonna ; Hairy root ; Littorine ; Root growth ; Tropane alkaloid
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Aseptically propagated regenerates were cultivated in a hydroponic apparatus, a phytotron or in the field, and their growth and littorine contents were investigated. No littorine was detected in aseptic regenerates cultured on solidified Murashige and Skoog medium, nor was it found in leaves under the three conditions tested. In roots, it was common features to all three conditions tested that littorine increased dramatically after transplantation from culture tubes and was a major alkaloid up to week 4; subsequently the littorine contents varied depending on the cultivation conditions. Roots cultivated in the field showed a marked thickening and rapid disappearance of littorine; those cultivated in the hydroponic apparatus were thin and maintained a high level of littorine for a long time. In a plant cultivated for 16 weeks in a pot, littorine content in the roots decreased with increasing root diameter.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002990000231
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isolation and identification of littorine from hairy roots of Atropa belladonna (1998)
    Springer
    Plant cell reports 18 (1998), S. 249-251 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Keywords: Key wordsAtropa belladonna ; Hairy root ; Littorine ; Root culture ; Tropane alkaloid
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A hairy root clone (M8) of Atropa belladonna, producing high levels of tropane alkaloids, was established by transformation with Agrobacterium rhizogenes (MAFF 03-01724). Littorine, an intermediate of tropane alkaloids, was detected by high-performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in the alkaloid fraction of the hairy roots and identified by nuclear magnetic resonance analysis. Littorine was also detected in the non-transformed root culture of A. belladonna.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002990050565
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High forskolin production in hairy roots of Coleus forskohlii (1998)
    Springer
    Plant cell reports 17 (1998), S. 457-459 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Keywords: Key words Forskolin ; Coleus forskohlii ; Hairy root
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Hairy roots of Coleus forskohlii were induced by infection with the Agrobacterium rhizogenes MAFF 03-01724 strain. Growth and forskolin production of two hairy root clones cultured in various liquid media were examined. Hairy root clone B9 grew well in woody plant liquid medium and showed a high forskolin yield (ca. 1.3 mg/ 100 ml flask) after 5 weeks of culture. The time course of growth and forskolin production of the clone B9 cultured in woody plant liquid medium was also examined. Rapid growth started at week 2 and continued until week 5. The highest forskolin yield (ca. 1.6 mg/100 ml flask) was obtained at week 5. Productivity was much higher than that previously reported.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002990050425
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