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  • Food  (4)
  • Urinalysis  (4)
  • Bombyx mori  (2)
  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Induction of non-diapause eggs by injection of anti-diapause hormone rabbit serum into the diapause type of the silkworm, Bombyx mori
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Insect Physiology 40 (1994), S. 693-699 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-1910
    Schlagwort(e): Anti-diapause hormone serum ; Bombyx mori ; Diapause hormone ; Embryonic diapause ; Glycogen ; Ovaries ; Suboesophageal ganglion ; Trehalase
    Quelle: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Thema: Biologie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-1910(94)90096-5
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Induction of embryonic diapause and stimulation of ovary trehalase activity in the silkworm, Bombyx mori, by synthetic diapause hormone
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Insect Physiology 39 (1993), S. 889-895 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-1910
    Schlagwort(e): Bombyx mori ; Diapause hormone ; Embryonic diapause ; Subesophageal ganglion ; Trehalase
    Quelle: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Thema: Biologie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-1910(93)90122-8
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Possible effects of environmental cadmium exposure on kidney function in the Japanese general population (2000)
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 73 (2000), S. 15-25 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Biological exposure monitoring ; Blood ; Cadmium ; Environmental exposure ; Food ; Urine
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Objectives: To examine whether the current level of environmental exposure to cadmium (Cd) is associated with kidney dysfunction among general populations in Japan. Methods: A nationwide survey was conducted in Japan from 1991 to 1997 at 30 survey sites (with no known environmental heavy metal pollution), by the collection of 24-h food-duplicate samples, peripheral blood specimens and morning spot urine samples. In practice, 607 non-smoking adult women provided these samples. After being wet-ashed, the samples were analyzed for Cd in food duplicates (Cd-F), in blood (Cd-B) and urine (Cd-U) by inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Urine samples were also analyzed for α1-microglobulin (α1-MG), β2-microglobulin (β2-MG) and retinol-binding protein (RBP), creatinine (cr) and specific gravity. Possible tubular dysfunction in association with Cd exposure was examined by simple, multiple and logistic regression analyses, and comparison among three different Cd-dose groups. To minimize the confounding effects of aging, 367 women from 41 to 60 years old were selected and subjected to the same statistical analyses. Results: The analysis of a whole population of 607 women showed that α1-MG and possibly β2-MG increased as a function of Cd-F, Cd-B and Cd-U. When the analysis was repeated with the selected population of 367 women aged 41–60, the Cd dose-dependent changes in α1-MG and β2-MG became less evident. The distribution of the selected population with α1-MG above two low cut-off values of 〉4.9 and 〉8.4 mg/g cr or with β2-MG above the lowest cut-off value of 〉400 μg/g cr, was biased toward the group with higher Cd-Ucr, but such bias was not significant for both α1-MG and β2-MG when higher cut-off values were employed. No bias was detected with RBP. Logistic regression analysis with α1-MG, β2-MG and RBP (with cut-off values given above) in combination with age, Cd-F, Cd-B and Cd-Ucr gave essentially the same results. Conclusions: The evidence for kidney dysfunction was of borderline significance in the present study population for which geometric mean Cd-F, Cd-B and Cd-U were 24.7 μg/day, 1.76 μg/l, and 3.94 μg/g cr, respectively. The findings might suggest at the same time that the safety margin is small for the Japanese general population regarding environmental Cd exposure.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00007933
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Toluene itself as the best urinary marker of toluene exposure (1996)
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 68 (1996), S. 289-297 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Schlagwort(e): Key words o-Cresol ; Exposure marker ; Hippuric acid ; Toluene ; Urinalysis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract  Head-space gas chromatography (GC) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) (with fluorescence detectors) methods were developed for toluene (TOL-U) and o-cresol (CR-U) in urine, respectively. In order to identify the most sensitive urinary indicator of occupational exposure to toluene vapor (TOL-A) among TOL-U, CR-U, and hippuric acid in urine (HA-U), the two methods together with an HPLC (with untraviolet detectors) method for determination of HA-U were applied in the analysis of end-of-shift urine samples from 115 solvent-exposed workers (exposed to toluene at 4 ppm as geometric mean). Regression analysis showed that TOL-U correlated with TOL-A with a significantly higher correlation coefficient than did HA-U or CR-U. With regard to the TOL-A concentrations at which the exposed subjects could be separated from the nonexposed by the analyte, TOL-U achieved separation at 〈10 ppm TOL-A, whereas both HA-U and CR-U did so only when TOL-A was 30 ppm or even higher. The ratio of the analyte concentrations at 50 ppm TOL-A to those at 0 ppm TOL-A was also highest for TOL-U. Overall, the results suggest that TOL-U is a better marker of exposure to toluene vapor than HA-U or CR-U.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004200050063
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Background exposure of urban populations to lead and cadmium: comparison between China and Japan (1997)
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 69 (1997), S. 273-281 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Lead ; Cadmium ; Food ; Blood ; Chinese women ; Japanese women
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Objectives: To assess and compare the background exposure of the general population to lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) in China and in Japan. Methods: Food duplicates and peripheral blood samples were collected from nonoccupationally exposed subjects, viz 202 Chinese women in four Chinese cities (Beijing, Shanghai, Nanning, and Tainan) and 72 Japanese women in three Japanese cities (Tokyo, Kyoto, and Sendai) in the years 1993–1995. Wet-ashing and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometric methods were used for the determination of Pb and Cd levels in food and blood samples. Results: Geometric mean (GM) dietary Pb intake (25.8 μg/day) and the GM Pb concentration in blood (56.7 μg/l) in Chinese were significantly higher than in Japanese women (11.6 μg/day in food and 32.1 μg/l in blood), whereas Cd in food (32.1 μg/day) and Cd in blood (1.92 μg/l) in Japanese were significantly higher than in Chinese women (9.9 μg/day in food and 1.07 μg/l in blood). The intake of Pb and Cd via boiled rice accounted for 3.6% and 31.1% of the total dietary burden in Chinese, and 12.1% and 32.7% in Japanese, respectively. The Cd burden was acquired almost exclusively through the dietary route, whereas the Pb burden came from both air and food, especially in the case of the Chinese population. Conclusions:  The background Pb exposure in the Chinese population was higher than that in the Japanese population, whereas Cd exposure was lower in Chinese women than in their Japanese counterparts.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004200050147
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Correlation between urine and blood concentrations, and dietary intake of cadmium and lead among women in the general population of Japan (2000)
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 73 (2000), S. 163-170 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Biological exposure monitoring ; Blood ; Cadmium ; Environmental exposure ; Food ; Lead ; Urine
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Objective: To examine whether lead (Pb) in urine and cadmium (Cd) in blood, especially the former, can be used as markers of environmental exposure of general populations to these metals. Methods: Between 1991 and 1998, spot urine and peripheral blood samples, together with 24 h duplicates of food intake were collected from 607 non-smoking adult women in 30 survey sites (SS) in seven administrative regions all over Japan. Urine, blood and food duplicate samples were analyzed by inductively-coupled plasma spectrometry, for Cd and Pb in urine (Cd-U and Pb-U), in blood (Cd-B and Pb-B) and in food duplicates (Cd-F and Pb-F). Correlation between the measurements was examined by regression analysis. Results: The Cd-B correlated closely with Cd-U, and both Cd-B and Cd-U with Cd-F, on an individual basis (n = 607), on an SS basis (n = 30) and on a regional basis (n = 7). The Pb-U however did not correlate with Pb-B on a regional basis although they correlated with each other when analyzed on an individual as well as SS basis. Moreover, the correlation coefficients between Pb-U and Pb-B were much smaller than those between Cd-U and Cd-B. Neither Pb-U nor Pb-B showed significant correlation with Pb-F on any levels of statistical analysis. Conclusions: Both Cd-B and Cd-U can be employed as biomarkers of environmental Cd exposure. The reliability of Pb-U for use in place of Pb-B appeared to be small.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004200050023
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Monitoring of occupational exposure to tetrachloroethene by analysis for unmetabolized tetrachloroethene in blood and urine in comparison with urinalysis for trichloroacetic acid (2000)
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 73 (2000), S. 221-227 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Biological monitoring ; Blood analysis ; Diffusive sampling ; Head-space GC ; Tetrachloroethene ; Urinalysis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Objective: The present study was initiated to examine a quantitative relationship between tetrachloroethene (TETRA) in blood and urine with TETRA in air, and to compare TETRA in blood or urine with trichloroacetic acid (TCA) in urine as exposure markers. Methods: In total, 44 workers (exposed to TETRA during automated, continuous cloth-degreasing operations), and ten non-exposed subjects volunteered to participate in the study. The exposure to vapor was monitored by diffusive sampling. The amounts of TETRA and TCA in end-of-shift blood and urine samples were measured by either head-space gas chromatography (HS-GC) or automated methylation followed by HS-GC. The correlation was examined by regression analysis. Results: The maximum time-weighted average (TWA) concentration for TETRA-exposure was 46 ppm. Regression analysis for correlation of TETRA in blood, TETRA in urine and TCA in urine, with TETRA in air, showed that the coefficient was largest for the correlation between TETRA in air and TETRA in blood. The TETRA in blood, in urine and in air correlated mutually, whereas TCA in urine correlated more closely with TETRA in blood than with TETRA in urine. The TCA values determined by colorimetry and by the GC method were very similar. The biological marker levels at a hypothetical exposure of 25 ppm TETRA were substantially higher in the present study than were the levels reported in the literature. Possible reasons are discussed. Conclusions: Blood TETRA is the best marker of occupational exposure to TETRA, being superior to the traditional marker, urinary TCA.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004200050421
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    GLC analysis of alkylphenols, alkylcatechols and phenylphenols in the urine of workers as a measure to prevent occupational leucoderma (1978)
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 41 (1978), S. 125-138 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Schlagwort(e): Amylphenol ; Biological monitoring ; Butylcatechol ; Butylphenol ; Isopropylcatechol ; Methylcatechol ; Nonylphenol ; Octylphenol ; Phenylphenol ; Urinalysis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary GLC systems are developed for quantitative urinalysis of leucodermogenic phenols and catechols, i. e., p-tert.-butylphenol, p-tert. Amyphenol, p-octylphenol, p- and o-phenylphenol, 3- and 4-methylcatechol, 3-isopropylcatechol, and 4-tert.-butylcatechol. The systems were successfully applied for the exposure assessment of the workers in factories producing p-tert.-butylphenol, p-octylphenol and/or 4-tert.-butylcatechol. In accordance with estimated exposure intensities, the concentrations in the urine of product packers were higher than those of plant operators and engineers. The levels were reduced by the improvement of hygienic conditions in the workshops. Importance of biological monitoring is discussed in relation with the possible skin penetration. From the data obtained, BP concentration in urine, 2 μg/ml, is tentatively proposed as a urinary biological threshold limit value to prevent leucodermogenic effect.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00381797
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Cadmium exposure of women in general populations in Japan during 1991–1997 compared with 1977–1981 (2000)
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 73 (2000), S. 26-34 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Biological exposure monitoring ; Blood ; Cadmium environmental exposure ; Food ; Japanese women ; Urine
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Objectives: The Japanese people are known to have high environmental exposure to cadmium (Cd). The present survey was initiated to elucidate possible changes in the intensity of Cd exposure to the population by comparison of the present exposure level with the situation some 15 years ago. Methods: During 1991–1997, 24-h food-duplicate samples, peripheral blood specimens and morning spot urine samples were collected from 588 non smoking women from 27 survey sites in six regions, where food-duplicate and blood samples had also been obtained during 1977–1981 from 399 women. The samples were wet-ashed (after homogenization in the case of food-duplicates), and Cd in the wet-ashed samples was analyzed by inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry for Cd intake via foods (Cd-F), Cd concentration in blood (Cd-B) and Cd concentration in urine (Cd-U). The Cd-F and Cd-B were compared with the Cd-F and Cd-B obtained at the same sites in the 1977–1981 survey. Results: The exposure levels during 1991–1997 were such that Cd-F, Cd-B and Cd-Ucr (Cd–U after correction for creatinine concentration) were 25.5 μg/day, 1.90 μg/l and 4.39 μg/g creatinine. Comparison with the 1977–1981 survey results (i.e., 37.5 μg/day for Cd-F and 3.47 μg/l for Cd-B) showed that there were significant reductions (by 32 and 45%) in both parameters respectively during the last 15 years. The dietary route was an almost exclusive (i.e., 99% of the sum of dietary and respiratory uptake) route of Cd uptake, of which Cd in rice (11.7 μg/day) contributed about 40% of the total dietary intake. When compared among survey sites, inter-site variation in dietary Cd intake was primarily due to differences in the intake through boiled rice. Despite the recent reduction in Cd exposure, the current exposure level for Japanese people is still higher than the levels among other rice-dependent populations in Asia as well as in other parts of the world. Comparison was made between the present findings in general populations and observations among known Cd-pollution cases in Japan. Conclusions: Dietary uptake is an almost exclusive route of Cd exposure in the general Japanese population. Boiled rice is a strong determinant of variation in dietary Cd intake. Whereas there was a substantial reduction in Cd exposure among Japanese populations in the last 15 years, the current level is still high when compared internationally.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00007934
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Possible metabolic interaction between hexane and other solvents co-exposed at sub-occupational exposure limit levels (2000)
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 73 (2000), S. 449-456 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Acetone ; Biological monitoring ; Hexane ; 2 ; 5-Hexanedione ; Toluene ; Ethyl acetate ; Urinalysis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Objective: To investigate whether metabolic interactions exist between hexane (HEX) and other solvents when co-exposed at the levels below occupational exposure limits. Methods: Workers, 219 men in ten workshops in total, volunteered to participate in the study. They were occupationally exposed to mixtures of HEX and one or more of toluene (TOL), ethyl acetate (EA) and acetone (ACE). Time-weighted average intensity of vapor exposures was monitored by diffusive personal sampling. `Free'- and `total'-2,5-hexanedione (HD) levels in the end-of-shift urine samples were determined by gas chromatography (GC) before and after acid hydrolysis of urine, respectively, and expressed as observed (HDob) or after correction for creatinine concentration (HDcr) or urine specific gravity (HDsg). Possible interaction was examined by multiple regression analysis (MRA), taking either free- or total-HD as a dependent variable, and the four solvent concentrations as independent variables. Results: In most cases, exposure intensity did not exceed the current occupational exposure limits even when additiveness was assumed. In addition that HEX was the most influential independent variable in all cases as expected, the MRA showed that, in cases of free-HD, ACE was also influential to HDob although weakly, but not to HDcr or HDsg. With regard to total-HD, ACE was weakly influential to HDob and HDsg, and EA also weakly to HDcr. The effect of ACE on free- or total-HD was not detected, however, when 22 men exposed only to HEX and ACE were subjected to the same analysis. Similarly, the effect of EA on total-HD was not observed among the remaining 197 men exposed to HEX, TOL and EA only. Conclusions: When the exposures were below occupational exposure limits, the free-HD levels in urine after HEX exposure will not be modified by co-exposures to TOL, EA or ACE.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004200000165
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