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  • pharmacokinetics  (814)
  • Magnetic resonance imaging  (749)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Carotid atherosclerosis and cerebral white matter lesions in a population based magnetic resonance imaging study (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 247 (2000), S. 291-296 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Key words Leukoaraiosis ; Aged ; Atherosclerosis ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Carotid artery
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Cerebral white matter lesions are frequently observed on magnetic resonance imaging of elderly, nondemented persons. There is evidence that white matter lesions are involved in the pathophysiology of cognitive decline and dementia. White matter lesions can be divided into those in the periventricular and those in the subcortical region. Pathological and epidemiological studies suggest that atherosclerosis is involved in the pathogenesis of these lesions. Our study reports on the association between atherosclerosis in the carotid arteries and white matter lesions in a population-based study among 1077 elderly subjects. We randomly sampled 1077 subjects aged between 60–90 years from two prospective population-based studies. All subjects underwent ultrasonography of the carotid artery. In addition, 1.5 T magnetic resonance imaging was performed; white matter lesions in the subcortical and periventricular regions were rated separately. With increasing number of plaques in the carotid artery the severity of periventricular white matter lesions increased (P trend = 0.03), but not the severity of subcortical white matter lesions (P trend = 0.19). In addition, an increase in intima media thickness was borderline significantly associated with an increased severity of periventricular white matter lesions (P trend = 0.09), but not of subcortical white matter lesions (P trend = 0.68). These findings suggest that partly dissimilar pathogenetic mechanisms are involved in the etiology of periventricular and subcortical white matter lesions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004150050586
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    MRI after successful lumbar discectomy (1996)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 38 (1996), S. S90 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Spine ; Intervertebral discs ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Spinal surgery
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Our aim was to establish the normal range of MRI findings after successful lumbar discectomy. We prospectively examined 34 consecutive patients with an excellent clinical outcome by MRI 6 weeks and 6 months after surgery. All examinations included sagittal and axial spin-echo (SE) T1-weighted images before and after intravenous gadolinium-DTPA and fast SE T2-weighted images. Contrast enhancement along the surgical tract was seen in all patients 6 weeks and 6 months after surgery. After 6 months minimal or no mass effect on the dural sac by epidural scar was seen. In 20 % of patients there was recurrent disc herniation, with mass effect. Enhancing nerve roots were seen in 20 % of patients 6 weeks postoperatively, and half of these were associated with recurrent disc herniation at the same side. None of these patients still showed nerve root enhancement 6 months after surgery. Postoperative MRI studies must be interpreted with great care since the features described in the failed back surgery syndrome are also found, to some extent, in asymptomatic postoperative patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002340050929
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    MRI after successful lumbar discectomy (1996)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 38 (1996), S. S90 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Spine ; Intervertebral discs ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Spinal surgery
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Our aim was to establish the normal range of MRI findings after successful lumbar discectomy. We prospectively examined 34 consecutive patients with an excellent clinical outcome by MRI 6 weeks and 6 months after surgery. All examinations included sagittal and axial spin-echo (SE) T1-weighted images before and after intravenous gadolinium-DTPA and fast SE T2-weighted images. Contrast enhancement along the surgical tract was seen in all patients 6 weeks and 6 months after surgery. After 6 months minimal or no mass effect on the dural sac by epidural scar was seen. In 20% of patients there was recurrent disc herniation, with mass effect. Enhancing nerve roots were seen in 20% of patients 6 weeks postoperatively, and half of these were associated with recurrent disc herniation at the same side. None of these patients still showed nerve root enhancement 6 months after surgery. Postoperative MRI studies must be interpreted with great care since the features described in the failed back surgery syndrome are also found, to some extent, in asymptomatic postoperative patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02278130
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetic resonance imaging of cor triatriatum (1988)
    Springer
    Pediatric cardiology 9 (1988), S. 149-151 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1971
    Keywords: Cor triatriatum ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Phase display
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Magnetic resonance imaging utilizing spin echo sequences was used to demonstrate cor triatriatum in an 18-year-old boy. Phase map images aided the diagnosis by demonstrating the presence of slowly flowing blood in the accessory atrial chamber. Magnetic resonance is an excellent modality for the noninvasive diagnosis of cor triatriatum.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02080555
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacokinetics and tolerance of a new penem antibiotic, FCE 22101, in healthy volunteers after a single intravenous dose (1989)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 36 (1989), S. 633-635 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: FCE 22101 ; penem antibiotic ; pharmacokinetics ; single dose ; healthy volunteers ; adverse effects
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The clinical tolerance and pharmacokinetics of FCE 22101 (sodium (5R, 6S)-6-[(1R)-hydroxyethyl]-2-carbamoyloxymethyl-2-penem-3-carboxylate), a new penem antibiotic, have been studied after giving a single i.v. dose of 4 mg·kg−1 to ten healthy male volunteers. The pharmacokinetics was estimated according to a two-compartment open model. The peak plasma concentration (Cmax) was 15.5 (1.08) µg·ml−1, mean (SEM). FCE 22101 was rapidly cleared from the systemic circulation [ $$t_{1/2\lambda _z } $$ =44.2 (4.2) min; CL=7.21 (0.47) ml·kg−1·min−1]. The mean apparent volume of distribution at steady-state was 246 (16.9) ml·kg−1. The mean residence time relative to the 10 min infusion was 39.4 (1.5)min. Urinary recovery of FCE 22101 showed wide inter-subject variation, ranging from 10.2 to 53.6% of the dose. No subject complained of adverse effects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00637750
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Renal excretion and pharmacokinetics of methotrexate and 7-hydroxy-methotrexate following a 24-h high dose infusion of methotrexate in children (1986)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 30 (1986), S. 231-238 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: methotrexate ; hydroxymethotrexate ; lymphoid malignancy ; renal excretion ; metabolism ; pharmacokinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In children with lymphoid malignancies 18 courses of methotrexate (18–200 mg/kg) administered as a 24-h infusion were monitored. Plasma concentrations and renal excretion rates of methotrexate (MTX) and 7-hydroxymethotrexate (7-OHMTX) were determined. A low correlation was found between the administered dose of MTX and the body exposure to MTX or 7-OHMTX. Although 84% of the MTX eventually recovered from the urine was excreted during the 24 h of the infusion, the renal clearance of MTX was markedly lower during the time of the infusion than after it. There were courses with a low and others with a high renal clearance of MTX during the infusion, despite the same urine flow. A low MTX renal clearance was correlated with a high body exposure to MTX. As the same variations were also seen in the same patient during successive courses, pharmacokinetical characterization of patients appears questionable. The renal clearance of 7-OHMTX was significantly lower than the renal clearance of MTX, and the body exposure to 7-OHMTX ranged from 2–40% of the MTX body exposure. Treatment courses with a low or a high body exposure to 7-OHMTX were not associated with different urinary recoveries of the metabolite. Differences in MTX hydroxylation could not be substantiated. Because the concentration of 7-OHMTX is high soon after the end of an infusion, a specific method of MTX determination should be chosen for controlling treatment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00614310
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The relationships between dose and concentration of tolbutamide and insulin and glucose responses in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes (1991)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 40 (1991), S. 163-168 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Tolbutamide ; diabetes mellitus ; non-insulin dependent ; pharmacokinetics ; pharmacodynamics ; glucose ; insulin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary It is uncertain how the hypoglycaemic effect of sulphonylureas varies with drug concentration in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. The interrelationship of tolbutamide dosage and concentration, and glucose and insulin concentrations were therefore examined in 54 out-patients (the observational group) and in 20 patients studied under controlled conditions (the experimental group). In the observational group, tolbutamide concentration depended significantly on the daily dose, time from dose to sampling, body weight, and age. Blood glucose and insulin concentration were related, but were independent of tolbutamide concentration. In the experimental group, peak, but not pre-dose, tolbutamide concentration, depended on dose and on body mass index. Fasting and maximum post-prandial blood glucose concentration were positively correlated with maximum tolbutamide concentration, probably because tolbutamide dosage was highest in those with the poorest response. In the subset with a fasting blood glucose concentration of less than 8 mmol·l−1, neither glucose nor insulin concentrations depended significantly on tolbutamide concentrations. Tolbutamide concentration does not directly determine hypoglycaemic response in outpatients, and therapeutic monitoring of drug concentrations would not improve the management of such patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00280071
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distribution of oral ketoconazole to vaginal tissue (1982)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 23 (1982), S. 331-333 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: ketoconazole ; vaginal candidosis ; oral antimycotic ; distribution ; pharmacokinetics ; vaginal tissue concentrations
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Plasma samples and biopsies of vaginal tissue were obtained from 23 healthy women undergoing operative sterilization, 1 to 6 h after a single oral dose of ketoconazole 200 mg. Drug concentrations in plasma and tissue, were measured by a specific gas chromatographic method. The vaginal tissue concentration averaged 2.4 times less than the corresponding plasma levels. Equilibrium between tissue, and plasma was established within 1 h after dosing, when vaginal tissue levels exceeded 1 µg/g. Ketoconazole concentrations decayed monoexponentially over the time interval studied (1–6 h), with the similar half-lives of 1.2 and 1.4 h in plasma and tissue, respectively. Following an oral 200 mg dose, a tissue concentration not less than 0.01 µg/ml was maintained over a 12 h period. This concentration has been shown to prevent outgrowth of the invasive (pseudo) mycelial form ofCandida albicans. Hence, a b.i.d. or t.i.d. dosage schedule of ketoconazole in vaginal candidosis would give continuously effective levels at the site of infection. Ketoconazole concentrations in vaginal fluid are thought to be much higher than in the tissue because of ion-trapping. The present data may explain the efficacy of oral ketoconazole in the treatment of vaginal candidosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00613615
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An unusual presentation of congenital infantile myofibromatosis arising from the interspinous ligament (1998)
    Springer
    Pediatric surgery international 14 (1998), S. 138-139 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-9813
    Keywords: Key words Myofibromatosis ; Fibromatosis ; Soft-tissue tumor ; Interspinous ligament ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The authors describe an extremely rare presentation of congenital infantile myofibromatosis. A full-term newborn boy presented with a thumb-sized subcutaneous mass on the mid-spinal line between the 2nd and 3rd lumbar spinous processes. A solid tumor arising from the interspinous ligament was resected. Microscopic and immunohistochemical studies revealed myofibromatosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003830050463
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Contrast-enhanced MRI of intrasellar arachnoid cysts: relationship between the pituitary gland and cyst (1996)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 38 (1996), S. 566-568 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Arachnoid cyst, intrasellar ; Pituitary gland ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We recently encountered two large intrasellar arachnoid cysts extending to the suprasellar region. The intensity of the cyst contents was identical to that of the cerebrospinal fluid on both T1- and T2-weighted MRI. On contrast-enhanced MRI, the pituitary gland was compressed posteroinferiorly and flattened in the sella turcica. In this report of rare intrasellar arachnoid cysts the discussion is focused on dislocation of the pituitary gland.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00626100
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