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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biocompatibility of silicon carbide in colony formation test in vitro (1998)
    Springer
    Archives of orthopaedic and trauma surgery 118 (1998), S. 89-91 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-3916
    Keywords: Key words Biocompatibility ; Total hip replacement ; Prosthesis coating ; Ceramics ; Silicon carbide
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We studied the possible use of silicon carbide (SiC) as a ceramic coating material of titanium-based total hip replacement (THR) implants. The idea is to prevent wear debris formation from the soft titanium surface. SiC is a hard and tightly bonding ceramic surface material, and because of these physical properties it is not easily degradable, as is the case with hydroxyapatite. Our previous in vivo and in vitro studies have indicated that SiC and hydroxyapatite are equally biocompatible regarding particle size for phagocytosis. The present cytotoxicity test using JCRB0603 cells showed that 5 μm SiC particles inhibited colony outgrowth by one-third (67% + 10% vs control), while SiC-coated pins did not cause any inhibition and acted similarly to uncoated titanium pins. The results support the hypothesis that SiC is a promising ceramic THR implant coating material.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004020050319
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    First Energetic Particle Events Observed by the ERNE Instrument (1997)
    Springer
    Solar physics 170 (1997), S. 179-191 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-093X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The energetic particle instrument ERNE on-board SOHO started its observations on December 15, 1995. The low-energy sensor of ERNE, LED, is capable of measuring particles in the energy range from 1 to 10 MeV nucl-1. From the beginning of the year 1996 until May 22, 1996, LED-observations included four energetic particle events above threshold intensities. An energetic particle event caused by a corotating interaction region that accelerated protons upto ∽ 10 MeV, was observed during January 20–25. Another similar particle event occured on May 6–12. The events were separated by four solar rotation periods. They had similar time profiles, but the one in May had a harder spectrum and a lower intensity level. The 4He-to-proton ratios were in accordance with the solar wind value. Energetic particles observed during April 22–23 and May 14–17 were accelerated at the Sun. The first one was apparently an outcome from an active region observed on the west limb by telescopes on-board SOHO. Protons were detected at energies from 1 to ∽10 MeV. For this event, the4He-to-proton ratio in the range 1.5–5 MeV nucl-1 was ∽ 3%. No 3He ions were detected. The period of May 14–15 was, in contrast, extremely 3He-rich: it had a3He-to-proton ratio of 1.5 ± 0.6 and a 3He-to- 4He ratio as high as ∽ 8. The period of May 14–17 comprised at least three individual, one-day-long events. The first two events were 3He-rich, while the last one seemed to have a normal composition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004963118224
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anomalous Cosmic-Ray Helium, Nitrogen and Oxygen in 1996 – Measurements of the ERNE Instrument on-board SOHO (1997)
    Springer
    Solar physics 170 (1997), S. 193-204 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-093X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The energy spectra of the anomalous components of helium, nitrogen and oxygen have been measured by the ERNE experiment on board the SOHO spacecraft. During February 28–April 30, 1996, the maximum intensity of anomalous helium was found to be 3.8 × 10-5 cm-2 sr-1 s-1 (MeV nucl-1)-1 in the energy range 10–15 MeV nucl-1. During the period January 26–April 30, 1996, the maximum oxygen intensity was 1.2 × 10-5 cm-2 sr-1 s-1 (MeV nucl-1)-1 at 4–7 MeV nucl-1, and the maximum nitrogen intensity 1.7 × 10-6 cm-2 sr-1 s-1 (MeV nucl-1)-1 at 4–9 MeV nucl-1. These peak intensities are at the same level as two solar cycles ago in 1977, but significantly higher than in 1986. This gives observational evidence for a 22-year solar modulation cycle. A noteworthy point is that the spectra of anomalous nitrogen and oxygen appear to be somewhat broader than in 1977.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004911017315
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diffusion of Al in ion-implanted Pd and Pt (1984)
    Springer
    Applied physics 35 (1984), S. 131-134 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 66.30.Jt ; 61.70.Tm
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The diffusion coefficients of aluminium have been measured in polycrystalline fcc Pd and Pt. The Al-implanted palladium and platinum samples were annealed at 400°–800 °C and 450°–900 °C, respectively. The aluminium profiles were probed using the nuclear resonance broadening (NRB) technique. Values of (1.41±0.09) and (1.38±0.09) eV for the activation energy and (1.5 −1.0 +5 )×10−6 and (4 −3 +10 )×10−7cm2/s for the frequency factor were obtained for Al in Pd and Pt, respectively. These anomalous results, compared to the “normal impurity diffusion”, were checked using also Al-evaporated samples.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00616964
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Energies of carbon plasma beams in the deposition of diamond-like coatings with the pulsed-arc-discharge method (1995)
    Springer
    Applied physics 61 (1995), S. 353-355 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: PACS: 81.15; 81.40
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract.  The carbon plasma ion energies produced by the pulsed filtered arc-discharge method have been measured as a function of the anode–cathode voltage. The energies were determined by using the electro-optical time-of-flight method. The highest anode–cathode voltage was 4 kV and yielded the energy of 140 eV for the plasma ions. In addition, it was demonstrated that a rather slight change of the parameters in the arc-discharge method has a strong effect on the plasma ion energies and the properties of the diamond-like coatings prepared.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01540107
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Energies of carbon plasma beams in the deposition of diamond-like coatings with the pulsed-arc-discharge method (1995)
    Springer
    Applied physics 61 (1995), S. 353-355 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 81.15 ; 81.40
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The carbon plasma ion energies produced by the pulsed filtered arc-discharge method have been measured as a function of the anode-cathode voltage. The energies were determined by using the electro-optical time-of-flight method. The highest anode-cathode voltage was 5 kV and yielded the energy of 140 eV for the plasma ions. In addition, it was demonstrated that a rather slight change of the parameters in the arc-discharge method has a strong effect on the plasma ion energies and the properties of the diamond-like coatings prepared.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01540107
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diffusion of nitrogen in vanadium and niobium (1984)
    Springer
    Applied physics 34 (1984), S. 49-56 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 66.30. Jt ; 61.70. Tm
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The diffusion of N in the group VB metals V and Nb has been studied in the previously uninvestigated temperature range 300–500 °C using ion-beam techniques. Diffusion couples were created by ion implantation. The time-dependent diffusion profiles were monitored by the use of the Nuclear Resonance Broadening (NRB) technique. New values for the solubility of N in Nb were obtained. The diffusion rates presented support recent observations of the diffusivity of interstitial impurities in body-centered cubic metals in which positive deviations from Arrhenius behaviour have been seen at high temperatures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00617574
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diffusion of nitrogen in ion-implanted chromium and tungsten (1984)
    Springer
    Applied physics 35 (1984), S. 227-232 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 66.30. Jt ; 61.70. Tm
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The diffusion of N in the group VI B metals Cr and W has been studied in the previously uninvestigated temperature ranges 300°–550 °C (Cr) and 600°–800 °C (W) using ion-beam techniques. Diffusion couples were created by ion-implantation. The timedependent diffusion profiles were monitored by the use of the Nuclear Resonance Broadening (NRB) technique. The linear Arrhenius plots extracted from the measured diffusivities indicate that the diffusivity of implanted N in Cr and W can be described by the activation energyQ=1.39±0.06 eV and 2.32±0.16 eV and the pre-exponential factorD 0=(7.0±7.2)×10−4cm2/s and 4.3±8.3cm2/s, respectively. The solubilities of N in Cr and W from the implanted distributions were found to deviate from those obtained using conventional metallographical methods.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00617172
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Energetic particle investigation using the ERNE instrument (1996)
    Springer
    Annales geophysicae 14 (1996), S. 497-502 
    Details
    ISSN: 0992-7689
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract During solar flares and coronal mass ejections, nuclei and electrons accelerated to high energies are injected into interplanetary space. These accelerated particles can be detected at the SOHO satellite by the ERNE instrument. From the data produced by the instrument, it is possible to identify the particles and to calculate their energy and direction of propagation. Depending on variable coronal/interplanetary conditions, different kinds of effects on the energetic particle transport can be predicted. The problems of interest include, for example, the effects of particle properties (mass, charge, energy, and propagation direction) on the particle transport, the particle energy changes in the transport process, and the effects the energetic particles have on the solar-wind plasma. The evolution of the distribution function of the energetic particles can be measured with ERNE to a better accuracy than ever before. This gives us the opportunity to contribute significantly to the modeling of interplanetary transport and acceleration. Once the acceleration/transport bias has been removed, the acceleration-site abundance of elements and their isotopes can be studied in detail and compared with spectroscopic observations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00585-996-0497-5
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Performance of ERNE in particle flux anisotropy measurement (1996)
    Springer
    Annales geophysicae 14 (1996), S. 503-509 
    Details
    ISSN: 0992-7689
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The HED particle detector of the ERNE experiment to be flown on the SOHO spacecraft is unique compared to the earlier space-born detectors in its high directional resolution (better than 2°, depending on the track inclination). Despite the fixed view cone due to the three-axis stabilization of the spacecraft, the good angular and temporal resolution of the detector provides a new kind of opportunity for monitoring in detail the development of the anisotropies pertaining, for example, to the onset of SEP events, or passage of shock fronts related to gradual events. In order to optimize the measurement parameters, we have made a preflight simulation study of the HED anisotropy measurement capabilities. The purpose was to prove the feasibility of the selected measurement method and find the physical limits for the HED anisotropy detection. The results show HED to be capable of detecting both strong anisotropies related to impulsive events, and smoother anisotropies associated with gradual events.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00585-996-0503-y
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