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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Electron-optical properties of multiple magnetic prism systems
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: 298 (1990), S. 189-198 
    Details
    ISSN: 0168-9002
    Quelle: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Thema: Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0168-9002(90)90616-E
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    An electron beam tester with field emission gun
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Microelectronic Engineering 9 (1989), S. 433-435 
    Details
    ISSN: 0167-9317
    Quelle: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0167-9317(89)90094-4
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A 1:1 MIM cathode electron-projection stepper
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Microelectronic Engineering 11 (1990), S. 359-362 
    Details
    ISSN: 0167-9317
    Quelle: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0167-9317(90)90130-L
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Selected area low energy electron diffraction and microscopy
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Ultramicroscopy 17 (1985), S. 67-72 
    Details
    ISSN: 0304-3991
    Quelle: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0304-3991(85)90178-0
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    X-ray microanalysis of animal tissues by means of the field emission-scanning electron microscope (1982)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 38 (1982), S. 856-857 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary With FESEM the X-ray microanalysis of unstained ultrathin sections (600 Å) free of osmium is possible. Deposits in smooth muscle cells of arteriosclerotic aortae show high calcium-peaks already after 80 sec of measurement. No contamination spots were seen after 11 min of measurement on the same point.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01972315
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Separator of primary and signal electrons for very low energy SEM (1994)
    Springer
    Czechoslovak journal of physics 44 (1994), S. 269-276 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9486
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract High resolution can be obtained in the scanning electron microscope (SEM) for a very low landing energy of electrons, even for that below 50 eV, when a cathode lens is used with the specimen as a cathode held at a high negative potential but the detection of signal electrons is totally different compared with classical SEM. Primary electrons with an energy of the order of tens of keV are decelerated in the field of the cathode lens to a very low landing energy and signal electrons originating in the specimen are accelerated and collimated by the same field to a narrow beam with an electron energy nearly the same as that of the primary beam. To detect these signal electrons we must deflect them from the optical axis without deteriorating the properties of the primary beam. The design of a novel type of separator of the primary and signal electrons consisting of two stages, each of them formed by the electric and magnetic crossed fields, is presented, together with calculated trajectories for both primary and signal electrons.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01694491
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Low-energy electron diffraction on the planes non parallel with the surface (1973)
    Springer
    Czechoslovak journal of physics 23 (1973), S. 918-922 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9486
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract Some problems of the interpretation of the geometry of low-energy electron diffraction patterns obtained on metal samples with a general crystallographic orientation near that of some densely occupied atomic plane are discussed. It appears that for the interpretation of these diffraction patterns the commonly used classical model of the diffraction on the surface plane cannot be used. The new geometrical model — model of the diffraction on densely occupied planes non parallel with the surface — in constructed. Using this model the calculation of the diffraciton patterns is made for a surface with an orientation close to the densely occupied (100) plane. The calculated diffraction patterns are compared with those obtained on monocrystalline niobium with known surface orientation near that of the (100) plane. Experimental results confirm the mentioned model to be rightful. This diffraction model can be used for determination of the polycrystalline grain orientation by means of the selected area low-energy electron diffraction. The experiments were made in the emission electron microscope adapted for low-energy electron diffraction.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01586872
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Scale formation on γ-TiAl during oxidation at 800 and 900°C in air and in He + 20% O2 (1997)
    Springer
    Oxidation of metals 48 (1997), S. 171-184 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4889
    Schlagwort(e): TiAl, corrosion ; high-temperature ; kinetics ; nitrogen dependence
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau
    Notizen: Abstract The oxide scale formation on γ-TiAl at 800 and 900°C was studied using high temperature X-ray diffraction as anin situ-method. The experiments were performed in air and in He with 20 vol.% O2. The formation of alumina in the form of α-Al2O3 and of TiO2 in the form of rutile was observed in both atmospheres and the formation of TiN was detected in air. Depending on the atmosphere the diffraction peaks of two different additional phases were detected, which do not exist in any data base nor in the Ti-Al-O phase diagram. One of them, the Z-phase, appears in He with 20 vol.% O2 and the other, the X-phase, in air. The Zphase was also found at room temperature after oxidation at 900°C in air. The growth of both phases, X and Z, starts immediately with the oxidation process and follows the parabolic rate law.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01675267
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Sulphidation and oxidation of the Ni22Cr10Al1Y alloy in H2/H2S and SO2 atmospheres at high temperatures (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 35 (2000), S. 685-692 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau
    Notizen: Abstract The Ni22Cr10Al1Y alloy was exposed in H2/H2S gas mixture under the sulphur pressure 10−3 and 1 Pa as well as in SO2 at 1173 and 1273 K. At ps = 1 Pa the sulphidation rate was relatively high and the reaction obeyed the linear rate law. Under these conditions a nickel/nickel sulphide eutectic was formed. At ps = 10−3 Pa nickel sulphides became unstable and the sulphidation rate was significantly lower. The reaction obeyed the parabolic rate law. The oxidation rate of the alloy in SO2 was lower than that in any of the H2/H2S atmospheres. The sulphide scales formed during sulphidation in H2/H2S had complex microstructures and compositions, with sulphospinel and sulphide phases being present, e.g. NiCr2S4, Ni3S2, CrxSy. As the temperature increased and the sulphur pressure decreased, these phases were replaced by the chromium-rich sulphide phase. Various oxides formed during oxidation of the alloy in SO2.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004701132745
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Non-isothermal kinetics of high temperature oxidation studied by a fast X-ray diffraction method (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 38 (1992), S. 649-655 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Schlagwort(e): corrosion ; high temperature oxidation ; non-isothermal kinetics ; X-ray diffraction method
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung Unter Anwendung eines Diffraktometers mit einer Hochtemperatureinheit wurde unterhalb 570°C mittels Röntgendiffraktion die Oxidation von Fe-ARMCO untersucht. Die Oxidationsprodukte wurden in situ bestimmt und das Differenzverfahren ergabY(T)-Kurven, die die globalen Änderungen zeigen. Diese Kurven wurden anhand der mikroskopisch bestimmten resultierenden Dicken der Oxidschicht kalibriert, wobei man die Funktionx(T) erhält. Dieser Kurve wurde eine berechnete, die Arrheniussche Beziehung enthaltende Funktion angepaßt, wodurch man die Aktivierungsenergie und die Oxidations Geschwindigkeitskonstante als Funktion der Temperatur erhält.
    Notizen: Abstract Temperature resolved X-ray diffraction using a diffractometer equipped with a high temperature device was applied to the study of the oxidation of Fe-ARMCO below 570°C. The oxidation products are identified in situ and the difference method yields curvesY(T) showing the global changes. These curves were calibrated to the microscopically measured end thickness of the oxide layer obtaining the growthx(T). A calculated curve including the Arrhenius relation was fitted to thex(T) curve yielding activation energy and values of the oxidation rate constant as a function of temperature.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01979393
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