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  • 1
    ISSN: 1438-8359
    Schlagwort(e): Cervical sympathectomy ; Stellate ganglion block ; Gonadotropin ; Testosterone ; Rat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract To examine the effects of bilateral cervical sympathectomy on the secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and testosterone (TS), 24 male rats were divided into four groups: control (C), light (L), sympathectomy (S), and light-sympathectomy (LS) groups. The C and S groups were kept under a 12-h light-dark cycle and the L and LS groups were kept under continuous light for 2 weeks. After 2 weeks, blood was collected and the rats were perfused with a fixative. GnRH neurons in the hypothalamus were stained immunohistochemically, and serum LH and TS levels were measured by radioimmunoassay. Although the difference in the number of GnRH neurons between the C and S groups was not significant, the L group was significantly lower than the C or LS groups. The serum LH and TS levels in the L group were higher than in the other groups. The present results suggest that continuous light increases GnRH secretion in the hypothalamus, followed by increased secretions of LH in the pituitary and TS in the testes, and bilateral cervical sympathectomy under continuous light inhibits these hormonal changes. However, a normal circadian rhythm does not affect gonadotropin secretion. Therefore, long-term and repeated stellate ganglion block may inhibit the increases of GnRH, LH, and TS secretions induced by continuous light.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Schlagwort(e): Wheat germ agglutinin-conjugated horseradish peroxidase (WGA-HRP) ; Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) ; Dorsal root ganglion Double-labeling method
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The rat shoulder joint capsule is innervated by thin sympathetic and sensory nerve fibers, most of which contain calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP). In order to establish the origin and distribution of CGRP-immunoreactive (IR) fibers, wheat germ agglutinin-conjugated horseradish peroxidase (WGA-HRP) was injected into the shoulder joints of rats via a dorsal surgical approach. After WGA-HRP injection, the cervico-thoracic dorsal root ganglia (DRG) were removed and processed using both HRP histochemistry and CGRP immunohistochemistry. In the C4 to C7 DRG, small to medium-sized neurons (20–40 μm) were labeled by this combined method. The number and size of the labeled neurons were measured in the cervical 4th–7th DRG. The number of double-labeled neurons was one quarter of the total number of HRP-labeled neurons and 1/20 of the CGRP-IR neurons. Most of the double-labeled cells were located in the C6 ganglion, and the mean number of double-labeled neurons was 13 at this level. The distribution and function of the CGRP-IR fibers in the rat shoulder joint capsule are discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 170 (1984), S. 21-28 
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Schlagwort(e): Substantia gelatinosa ; Spinal cord ; Axon terminals ; Suncus murinus (musk shrew)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The extent and laminar arrangement of the substantia gelatinosa (SG) were examined in the cervical spinal cord of the shrew. Between C1 and C6 or C7 the three dorsal layers on either side of the gray matter were confluent at the commissura posterior grisea in shrews of both sexes. Lamina I was thin with no large marginal cells. Lamina II comprised the major part of the SG, consisting of outer cellular and inner neuropil layers. Lamina III was composed of a meshwork of axon terminals, dendritic profiles and myelinated fibers. Unlike the situation in other mammals, in shrew the incidence of axon terminals with round vesicles was similar in the three uppermost layers, but the occurrence of terminal profiles with flat vesicles was significantly greater in deeper laminae. Lamina IV was restricted to the dorsal horn and did not extend through the midline.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Schlagwort(e): Wheat germ agglutinin-conjugated horseradish peroxidase (WGA-HRP) ; Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) ; Dorsal root ganglia Sympathetic ganglia
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The innervation of the shoulder joint of the rat was investigated. Nerve origin was assessed by injection of a neuronal tracer (WGA-HRP) into the shoulder joint cavity and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), which is known to be present in some sensory neurons, was detected immunohistochemically with an anti-CGRP antibody. In the ipsilateral sympathetic and dorsal root ganglia, 133–312 and 12–55 nerve cell bodies were respectively labeled by injection of the tracer. In the sympathetic ganglia, 83% of all labeled cells were found in the stellate ganglion and 17% in the superior cervical ganglion. In the dorsal root ganglia, 75% of the labeled cells were found in C4 and the neighboring ganglia (C4–C5), while the rest were observed in C6–8 and T3. This suggested that the origin of sensory innervation for the shoulder joint was mainly in the mid-cervical cord. CGRP-immunoreactive fibers were found in the synovial capsule of the shoulder joint. These fibers were fine and resembled type 4 axons as classified by Brodai, i.e., nerve related to pain sensation. These findings indicate that sensory nerves from the mid-cervical cord and sympathetic nerves from the cervical ganglion are distributed to the shoulder joint. It is possible that these nerves are related to symptoms such as pain in patients with “frozen” shoulder or other diseases.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Key words HSV ; Immunohistochemistry ; Apoptosis ; p53 ; Transcription factors
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract To understand the mechanism of neuronal apoptosis induced by herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection in vivo, the distribution of viral antigen, the appearance of apoptotic bodies, and the expressions of the tumor suppressor gene p53 and several transcription factors such as c-fos, c-jun and NF-κB were examined immunohistochemically and histopathologically after corneal infection of mice with HSV type 2 strain 186. Five days after HSV infection, viral antigen was diffusely detected in the corneal epithelium, the trigeminal ganglion and the pars caudalis of the spinal trigeminal nucleus. Neuronal apoptosis was observed in the brain stem ipsilateral to the HSV-infected side with the immunoreactivities of c-fos, c-jun, NF-κB and p53. Dual-labeling immunohistochemical studies revealed that almost all of the viral antigen-positive neurons and glia in the brain stem also showed p53 immunoreactivity. On the other hand, no neuronal apoptosis but only with the expression of c-jun was found in the trigeminal ganglion. Our results suggest that the different expression of transcription factors between the brain stem and the trigeminal ganglion may influence the neuronal apoptosis induced by HSV infection.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 50 (1982), S. 219-229 
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Schlagwort(e): Petroleum benzine ; n-Hexane ; Polyneuropathy ; Nerve conduction velocity ; Raveled nerve
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Petroleum benzine is one of the mixtures of organic solvents containing n-hexane. The occurrence of polyneuropathy in the workers using petroleum benzines is attributed mainly to n-hexane, though other hydrocarbons present are also suspected of having some neurotoxicity or some potential which could modify the neurotoxicity of n-hexane. The present experiment was performed in order to clarify the toxicity of petroleum benzine to the peripheral nerve and compare it with that of n-hexane. Forty rats were randomly divided into five groups. The groups were exposed to 200 ppm n-hexane, 500 ppm n-hexane, and petroleum benzine vapor containing 200 ppm n-hexane or 500 ppm n-hexane, together with aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons for 12 h a day for 24 weeks. The body weight, motor nerve conduction velocity, motor distal latency, and mixed nerve conduction velocities were measured before exposure and every 4 weeks of exposure. A rat from each exposed group was histopathologically examined after 24 weeks' exposure. The function of the peripheral nerve was conspicuously impaired by 500 ppm n-hexane, slightly impaired by 200 ppm n-hexane and petroleum benzine containing 500 ppm n-hexane, and even less impaired by petroleum benzine containing 200 ppm n-hexane. Degenerations of the myelin sheaths and axons were demonstrated in all exposed groups upon examination of the raveled tail nerves. Thus, the experiment revealed that petroleum benzine could impair the peripheral nerves, while some components of petroleum benzine were considered to inhibit the neurotoxicity of n-hexane.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    International orthopaedics 2 (1978), S. 47-51 
    ISSN: 1432-5195
    Schlagwort(e): Spine ; Hip joint ; Spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia congenita
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Résumé Présentation de neuf cas de dysplasie spondylo-épiphysaire congénitale, observés chez des enfants japonais. La dysplasie spondylo-épiphysaire congénitale se différencie de la maladie de Morquio par son apparition plus précoce, ses images radiologiques caractéristiques, ainsi que par l'absence d'opacités cornéennes et de kératosulfaturie.
    Notizen: Summary Nine cases of SED congenita seen in Japanese children are presented. SED congenita was differentiated from Morquio's disease by its earlier manifestation, its characteristic radiographic features, the lack of corneal clouding and the absence of keratosulphaturia.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 176 (1983), S. 155-169 
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Cytological changes following transection of the proximal root of the trigeminal ganglion in adult rats were assessed by light and electron microscopy. Radices were transected about 3-5 mm from the ganglia and animals were killed from 1 to 60 days after the operation. Light microscopically, it was found that all Nissl granules became uniformly stained and evenly distributed throughout the cytoplasm within 3 days. Three types of cell alteration involving Nissl granules occurred within 3 to 12 days after the operation: (1) chromatolysis, (2) dark staining of the cytoplasm accompanied by an increase of Nissl granules, and (3) faint staining of the cytoplasm accompanied by dispersion of Nissl granules. Electron microscopically, the chromatolysis pattern was characterized by peripheral concentration of the granular endoplasmic reticulum (gER) and ribosomes in the cytoplasm. Neurons of the darkstaining type showed an increased number of polysomal complexes throughout the cytoplasm, whereas those of the faint-staining type had diffusely dispersed cisternae of the gER which were shortened and bore reduced numbers of attached ribosomes. Perinuclear localization of profiles of Golgi complexes disappeared temporarily 1-3 days after the operation, but the normal perinuclear pattern appeared to return after 1 week. Enzyme histochemistry of acid phosphatase activity revealed an increase in the number of very fine reaction products in the cytoplasm up to 14 days following the operation. Cells recovered the normal pattern of Nissl staining by 48 days. Myelin figures, which are rarely observed in normal ganglia, were still observed in dense lysosomal bodies after 30 days. Nuclear size in affected neurons steadily increased up to about 2 weeks postoperation but returned to normal by 48 days.
    Zusätzliches Material: 14 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 175 (1983), S. 101-113 
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: The neurons of the trigeminal ganglia of the rat and chicken were characterized by means of light microscopic, electron microscopic, and histochemical methods. Light microscopy disclosed four types of neurons, based on the characteristics of Nissl granules: (1) large neurons with diffusely distributed and very fine granules, (2) neurons containing coarse and sparsely distributed Nissl granules, (3) neurons containing dense Nissl granules of varying size, and (4) small neurons with granules concentrated peripherally. Electron microscopy allowed further definition of these four types of neurons by the length and arrangement of flattened cisterns of granular endoplasmic reticulum (gER) and the number of neurofilaments. Type 1 cells were largest, with a mean nuclear area of 139.8 ± 28.3 μm2. Type 4 cells were smallest, with a mean nuclear area of 74.6 ± 20.9 μm2. The mean nuclear areas of type 2 and 3 cells were intermediate to those of the type 1 and 4 cells. Type 3 and 4 neurons lacked neurofilaments. Four forms of Golgi apparatus were found: (1) large bent grains forming a network throughout the soma, (2) dispersed fine granular deposits, (3) fine or small granules, and (4) coarse bent deposits arranged confluently in the perinuclear zone. In some rat neurons, the concentration of acid phosphatase reaction products suggested a high enzymatic activity, whereas the chicken ganglion cells showed no such concentration. These findings are discussed and compared with the classifications of previous studies.
    Zusätzliches Material: 12 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of human genetics 24 (1979), S. 27-36 
    ISSN: 1435-232X
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary A case of tricho-rhino-phalangeal syndrome associated with short stature of postnatal onset, multiple exostosis and mental retardation (TRP syndrome Type II, or the Langer-Giedion syndrome) is reported. This case was the ninth such instances of this combination to be reported in the world literature. Like the other eight, it was sporadic. In addition, Perthes-disease-like bone changes, speech disturbance and pulmonary stenosis were observed. The mean age of the father, but not the mother, at the birth of the reported cases, including the present one, is higher than that of the general population. The absence of affected siblings in TRP syndrome Type II may exclude recessive inheritance. Rather, the observed increase in paternal age and the low fitness of the patients may point to the possibility that the abnormality is due to a newly-mutated dominant gene, which is eliminated within each generation as soon as it has been produced.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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