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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Intrinsic noise temperatures of YBa2Cu3O7−δ Josephson devices on bicrystal substrates and the upper frequency limit for their operation (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 80 (1996), S. 6536-6538 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Following a method proposed by Divin and Modovets [Sov. Tech. Phys. Lett. 9, 108 (1983)], we have measured at millimeter waveband the intrinsic noise temperatures TN of YBa2Cu3O7−δ Josephson junctions or dc superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs) fabricated on SrTiO3, yttria-stabilized ZrO2, or Si bicrystal substrates. Over wide ranges of physical temperatures TP and the junction's normal resistance RN, it was found that TN follows TP pretty well. This indicates that the intrinsic noise in the devices is dominated by Johnson noise. TN was also measured in cases where there is external magnetic field applied, or where there is another microwave radiation like the local oscillator in a mixer. The magnetic field or microwave radiation does not seem to affect TN in any appreciable way. To estimate the high frequency performance of the junctions on Si bicrystal substrates, direct irradiation by a far infrared laser at 1.81 THz is carried out and the clear first Shapiro step is observed. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.363672
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Noise properties and microstructure of oriented CoCrTa/Cr media : 38th Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 75 (1994), S. 6144-6146 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Magnetic and noise properties of oriented CoCrTa/Cr media sputtered at temperatures from ambient to 250 °C were studied and correlated with microstructural data from HRSEM and HRTEM micrographs. Coercivity increases monotonically and loop squareness decreases with substrate temperature. Transition and uniform magnetization noise power are highest for media sputtered at 150 °C. Micrographs and noise powers show that the media sputtered at 150 °C is relatively highly exchange-coupled. Media sputtered below 150 °C shows topographic isolation, and those sputtered above 150 °C exhibit increasing intergranular isolation of about 10 A(ring) and thus lower exchange. Coercivity varies linearly but exchange drops abruptly at high temperature. Other mechanisms besides exchange contribute to the coercivity variation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.355436
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Low frequency (1/f) noise in YBa2Cu3O7−δ grain boundary junction dc superconducting quantum interference devices (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 76 (1994), S. 1895-1898 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: We have studied low frequency (1/f) noise of YBa2Cu3O7−δ dc superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs) on SrTiO3 bicrystal substrates. 1/f flux noise, either measured at different temperatures for optimized bias current or measured at 77 K for different bias currents, is almost constant. These facts imply that 1/f noise mainly comes from fluctuations of the critical current of the Josephson junction that form the SQUID. Also, we explain the critical current fluctuations in the junction by an equilibrium temperature fluctuation model.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.357714
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Dermatological study on dark eye circles and their treatment with newly developed cosmetics (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    International journal of cosmetic science 26 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2494
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Blood flow stagnation is said to be an important factor for the incidence of dark eye circles, but there are few reports, which have studied dark eye circles and the relationship to blood flow. We have examined dark eye circles dermatologically using a non-invasive method and made clear the factor related to it. We have also studied the effect of newly developed cosmetics on improvement of dark eye circles. Melanin and haemoglobin content, haemoglobin oxygen saturation and blood flow rate were measured to compare dark eye circles with a normal control. An increased amount of haemoglobin and decreased haemoglobin oxygen saturation were observed at the site of dark eye circles. We also observed that the blood flow rate was slow at dark eye circles in comparison with cheek. From these results, blood flow stagnation seems to be one of the factors that could induce dark eye circles. In addition, the increase of melanin at dark eye circles was also observed in older subjects. It was considered that not only congestion but also an increase of melanin content in the skin could induce dark eye circles. On the basis of these results, we developed anti-dark eye circle cosmetics that can improve blood circulation, reduce melanin content and maintain high moisture retention in the skin. After 3 weeks’ usage of this product, it was confirmed that dark eye circles were improved, judging from the result of non-invasive instrumental measurements.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-2494.2004.00242_2.x
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Joule heating generated by spin current through Josephson junctions (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 89 (2001), S. 7505-7507 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: We theoretically study the spin-polarized current flowing through a Josephson junction (JJ) in a spin injection device. When the spin-polarized current is injected from a ferromagnet in a superconductor (SC), the charge current is carried by the superconducting condensate (Cooper pairs), while the spin-up and spin-down currents flow in equal magnitude but in the opposite direction in a SC, because of no quasiparticle charge current in the SC. This indicates that not only the Josephson current but also the spin current flow across JJ at zero bias voltage, thereby generating Joule heating by the spin current. The result provides a new method for detecting the spin current by measuring Joule heating at JJ. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1357860
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Intrinsic Josephson junctions in oxygen-deficient YBa2Cu3O7−δ film deposited on a substrate step (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 85 (1999), S. 3740-3744 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Using c-axis-oriented oxygen-deficient YBa2Cu3O7−δ film deposited across a low-angle step on a SrTiO3 substrate, we successfully demonstrated intrinsic Josephson effects. In addition to several voltage jumps of large amplitudes (a few millivolts) and remarkable hysteresis on the dc current–voltage curves, we observed upturns on the current–voltage curves under microwave irradiation which appeared at increasingly high voltages with increasing microwave power. We proposed to explain this observation in terms of high-order microwave-induced Shapiro steps. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.369741
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Development of a long-life ion source for ion-implantation application : Papers from the Ninth International Conference on Ion Sources (2002)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 73 (2002), S. 819-821 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik , Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
    Notizen: The long-life version of a Bernas ion source is developed. It is called a Bernas-type electron active reflection (BEAR) ion source. The ion source has independently potential controlled reflectors, which are isolated from both an arc chamber and a filament. The potential of the reflectors is over 30 V negative with respect to the cathode potential. Because this potential can reflect enough emission electrons from the filament, the plasma production efficiency can be increased. In this method, we can minimize the arc voltage or a filament current compared with a conventional-type Bernas ion source, resulting in the reduction of a tungsten filament. Overall, the decrease in the filament diameter in the BEAR source was experimentally found to be below 50% of the conventional-type Bernas ion source. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1430874
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Anisotropy in transport critical current density of a Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-oxide single crystal (1990)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 67 (1990), S. 547-549 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Critical current densities and upper critical fields were measured for a single crystal of the high Tc oxide superconductor, Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+d, by transport within the ab basal plane and along the c axis. The anisotropy in critical current densities was observed to be Jc⊥/Jc(parallel)=10, in agreement with the anisotropy in resistivity for the normal state. The scaling of the critical current density with the magnetic field was found. The critical current density scaled to zero at fields Bc2 in the ab plane and along the c axis which were in good agreement with the upper critical fields measured by transport.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.345243
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Fabrication and characteristics of submicron tunneling junctions on high Tc superconducting c-axis thin films and single crystals (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 89 (2001), S. 7675-7677 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: We report successful fabrication and characteristics of submicron-size tunneling junctions using c-axis YBa2Cu3O7−y (YBCO) thin films of 800 nm thickness and Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ(Bi-2212) single-crystal whiskers. The junctions were made using a three-dimensional focused-ion-beam etching method. First, a microbridge was patterned in a required junction width by normal direction etching. By tilting the sample stage up to 90°, two grooves on the bridge were etched from the lateral direction in order to create the required junction size. The 60 K YBCO junctions did not show any degradation of critical current density (Jc) down to an in-plane area of 0.5 μm2 and showed current–voltage (I–V) characteristics of the collective switching transition from the zero voltage state to the resistive state. For Bi-2212 stacks smaller than 1 μm2, we identified some of the features of charging effects on the I–V characteristics. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1361267
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Crystallographic orientation of textured CoCrTa/Cr sputtered thin film media for longitudinal recording (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 73 (1993), S. 5117-5124 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: We have studied the influence of deposition conditions on the structure and properties of Co84Cr14Ta2 alloy magnetic thin films and Cr underlayers sputtered onto circumferentially textured and smooth polished NiP/Al substrates. Suitable processing conditions provide in-plane magnetic anisotropy in the textured media, with enhanced coercivity (Hc) and coercivity squareness (S*) in the circumferential direction and reduced Hc and S* in the radial direction. The crystallography in these films was studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to address the origin of the observed magnetic anisotropy. The CoCrTa alloy grains are found to grow semicoherently on the chromium underlayer, resulting in vertical 〈200(approximately-greater-than) Cr and 〈112¯0(approximately-greater-than) CoCrTa axes. This requires an in-plane orientation of the CoCrTa c axis, which is observed to be nearly random by high-resolution TEM. Microdiffraction shows apparent preferred c-axis alignment locally at texture lines, but this observation is primarily attributable to asymmetric tilting of the vertical growth direction caused by the substrate topography. The 〈112¯0(approximately-greater-than) growth axis appears to be perpendicular to the local grooved surface, not the bulk surface, requiring a local c-axis out-of-plane tilt near the grooves. The anisotropic surface topography induces a corresponding anisotropy in the out-of-plane component of the magnetically easy c axis in the CoCrTa alloy, which we suggest has implications on the bulk magnetic anisotropy in such films.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.353785
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