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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gd-DTPA enhanced MR imaging in intracranial tuberculosis (1990)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 32 (1990), S. 19-25 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Magnetic resonance imaging ; Tuberculosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Twenty-six patients with intracranial tuberculosis (Tb) (10 with acute meningitis, 5 with chronic meningitis, 5 with meningitic sequelae and 6 with localized tuberculoma(s) were examined with MR before and after Gd-DTPA enhancement (0.1 mmol/kg), using 2.0T superconducting unit, and the images were retrospectively analyzed and compared with CT scans. Without Gd-DTPA enhancement, the MR images were generally insensitive to detection of active meningeal inflammation and granulomas. The signal intensity of granulomas was usually isointense to gray matter on both T1- and T2-weighted images, whether they were associated with diffuse meningitis or presented as localized tuberculoma(s). A few granulomas showed focal hypointensity on T2-weighted images. Calcifications seen on CT of the meningitic sequelae group usually appeared markedly hypointense on all spin-echo sequences. On Gd-DTPA enhanced T1-weighted images, abnormal meningeal enhancement indicating active inflammation was conspicuous, and the granulomas often appeared as conglomerated ring-enhancing nodules, which seems to be characteristic of granulomas. Thin rim enhancement around the suprasellar calcifications were observed in two out of 5 patients with meningitic sequelae. Compared with CT, MR detected a few more ischemic infarcts, hemorrhagic infarcts, meningeal enhancement and granulomas in the acute meningitis group, but missed small calcifications in the basal cisterns well shown on CT in the sequelae group. Otherwise, MR generally matched CT scans. MR imaging appears to be superior to CT in evaluation of active intracranial Tb only if Gd-DTPA is used, while CT is better than MR in evaluating meningitic sequelae with calcification.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00593936
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Re-evaluation of optimal dose of contrast medium for vascular enhancement in CT of the head and neck (1997)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 39 (1997), S. 30-34 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Computed tomography ; head and neck ; Contrast medium ; dose ; Comparative study
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Adequate contrast enhancement of major neck vessels is more important than that of a tumour itself in CT of most head and neck tumours because of differentiation from neck node metastases. Our purpose was to re-evaluate the dosage of contrast medium for adequate vascular enhancement in CT of the head and neck. In a blind prospective fashion, 60 patients with a variety of head and neck lesions were randomised into three equal groups receiving 0.75, 1.0, or 1.25 ml/kg of meglumine ioglycate, 300 mg/ml. Contrast medium was administered by injector at 2 ml/s. The scan time and interscan delay were each 1 s, and total scan time 50–180 s. The scan was started immediately after administration of two-thirds of the contrast medium. The degree of vascular enhancement was assessed visually and quantitatively. We visually scored the degree of vascular enhancement as excellent (4 points), good (3), fair (2) or poor (1). For quantitative study, after measuring the CT numbers of the common or internal carotid artery (CA), internal jugular vein (IJV) and adjacent muscle at three levels, were calculated mean vessel/muscle contrast ratios. The degree of enhancement of the CA and IJV tended to increase with dose of the contrast media, but no examination was rated as showing poor enhancement in any group. The mean visual assessment scores for 0.75, 1.0, and 1.25 ml/kg were 2.7, 2.9 and 3.1, respectively; the mean ICA/muscle contrast ratios were 1.58, 1.55 and 1.63, and those of IJV/muscle 1.65, 1.59 and 1.59. There was no significant difference between visual and quantitative assessment in any group. The results suggest that 0.75 ml/kg of contrast medium appears sufficient for vascular opacification for head and neck lesions when the CT scan can be completed in about 120 s.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002340050362
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cerebral sparganosis: analysis of 34 cases with emphasis on CT features (1992)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 34 (1992), S. 1-8 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Brain ; Infection ; Computed tomography ; Parasites ; Inflammation ; Sparganosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Cerebral sparganosis is a rare parasitic CNS disease, producing chronic active granulomatous inflammation. We retrospectively reviewed the clinical data, CT scans and histopathologic specimens in 34 patients with cerebral sparganosis. The majority of the patients (89%) were rural inhabitants; 75% had a history of ingestion of frogs and/or snakes. The major presenting symptoms were seizure (84%), hemiparesis (59%) and headache (56%) of chronic course. On CT scans, the disease most frequently involved the cerebral hemispheres, particularly frontoparietal lobes, with occasional extension to the external and internal capsules and basal ganglia. The cerebellum was rarely involved. Bilateral involvement was seen in 26%. The main CT findings consisted of white matter hypodensity with adjacent ventricular dilatation (88%), irregular or nodular enhancing lesion (88%), and small punctate calcifications (76%). In combination, the CT triad above appears to be specific for this disease, and was noted in 62% of cases. Of 16 follow-up CT scans, 5 (38%) showed a change in the location of the enhancing nodule. With a single CT scan, it does not appear to be possible to determine whether the worm is alive or dead, information important for deciding whether to intervene surgically. Change in the location of the enhancing nodule and/or worsening of the other CT findings on sequential CT scans would suggest that the worm is alive and that the patient is a candidate for surgery.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00588423
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Unusual MR manifestations of neurocysticercosis (1989)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 31 (1989), S. 396-402 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Cysticercosis ; MR
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary MR and CT features of neurocysticercosis are variable and depend fundametally on the stage in evolution of the infection, location, number and size of the worm. The authors retrospectively evaluated MR images obtained on a 2.0T superconducting unit in 22 neurocysticercosis patients and observed various MR features including some new findings. A variety of MR findings are presented with special reference to six case reports. The features include: (1) a large simple cyst containing both internal septations and a scolex; (2) suprasellar racemose cysts mimicking other cysts, (3) a fourth ventricular cyst readily depicted by aid of CSF flow-void in the sagittal plane; (4) degenerating cysts showing “white target” appearance; (5) granulomatous lesions having a “black target” appearance; and (6) a meningitic form showing Gd-DTPA enhancement of basal cisterns and of a subacute infarct.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00343863
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Helical CT anatomy of pancreatic arteries (1996)
    Springer
    Abdominal imaging 21 (1996), S. 517-521 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0509
    Keywords: Key words: Pancreas, anatomy—Pancreas, computed tomography—Computed tomography, helical technology.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Background: To assess the frequency of visualization of pancreatic arteries in the arterial phase of helical computed tomography (CT). Methods: The visibility of pancreatic and peripancreatic arteries in helical CT images was evaluated in 20 consecutive patients who had no evidence of pancreatic disease. CT examinations were performed by using a continuously rotating CT scanner and intravenous injection of contrast media. The scans were taken 35 s after the start of injection and with a table speed of 3 mm/s. Images were reconstructed in 3-mm section increments. Results: Frequently visualized arteries were the gastroduodenal, anterior and posterior superior pancreaticoduodenal, and right gastroepiploic arteries. Infrequently visualized arteries were the dorsal pancreatic, pancreatica magna, caudal pancreatic, transverse pancreatic, and common, anterior, and posterior inferior pancreaticoduodenal arteries. Conclusion: Helical CT enabled us to recognize small pancreatic arteries, and the evaluation of these arteries should be considered in the staging of pancreatic carcinoma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002619900117
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hepatic abnormalities related to blood flow: evaluation with dual-phase helical CT (1999)
    Springer
    Abdominal imaging 24 (1999), S. 340-356 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0509
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002619900512
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Detection of pancreatic adenocarcinoma: relative value of arterial and late phases of spiral CT (1997)
    Springer
    Abdominal imaging 22 (1997), S. 199 -203 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0509
    Keywords: Key words: Computed tomography, technology—Pancreas, CT—Pancreatic adenocarcinoma, CT.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Background: Spiral computed tomography (CT) allows the pancreas to be imaged during peak contrast levels owing to the capability of fast data acquisition. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relative value of the arterial and late phases of spiral CT for detecting pancreatic adenocarcinomas. Methods: Twenty-two patients with pathologically proved pancreatic adenocarcinomas underwent two-phase spiral CT. The CT scans were performed with 5 mm collimation and 5 mm/s table speed. Images during the arterial and late phases were obtained at 30- and 180-second delays, respectively. The images of the arterial phase were compared with those of the late phase in terms of tumor conspicuity from surrounding pancreatic parenchyma and tumor detectability by means of a 3-point grading system: 1 (poor), 2 (fair), and 3 (good). Results: In terms of tumor conspicuity from surrounding pancreatic parenchyma, 16 lesions (73%) were good, 5 lesions (23%) were fair, and 1 lesion (4%) was poor during the arterial phase, whereas 6 lesions (27%) were good, 9 lesions (41%) were fair, and 7 lesions (32%) were poor during the late phase (p= 0.0007). The arterial phase was superior to the late phase in 16 patients (73%) and equal in 6 patients (27%). For tumor detectability, 18 lesions (82%) were good, 3 lesions (14%) were fair, and 1 lesion (4%) was poor during the arterial phase, whereas 10 lesions (45%) were good, 7 lesions (32%) were fair, and 5 lesions (23%) were poor during the late phase (p= 0.0033). For detectability, the arterial phase was superior to the late phase in 14 patients (64%) and equal in 8 patients (36%). Conclusion: The arterial phase of spiral CT is superior to the late phase, which is equivalent to conventional CT for detecting pancreatic adenocarcinoma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002619900172
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Castleman disease with renal amyloidosis: imaging findings and clinical significance (1995)
    Springer
    Abdominal imaging 20 (1995), S. 376-378 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0509
    Keywords: Amyloidosis ; Hamartoma ; Kidney ; Computed tomography ; Ultrasound
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report two cases of renal amyloidosis associated with mesenteric and mediastinal Castleman disease of plasma cell type. Computed tomographic (CT) scan revealed a mesenteric mass with multiple nodal enlargement in one patient and a right paratracheal mass with irregular central calcifications in the second patient. Renal ultrasonography (US) showed increased echogenicity of the renal parenchyma with prominent medullas. Doppler waveform obtained in the kidney associated with mesenteric disease showed complete absence of diastolic flow signal, although it was normal in the patient with mediastinal disease. Recognition of Castleman disease as the cause of renal amyloidosis and the understanding of CT and US findings of this entity are important for the management, as well as its diagnosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00203376
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dysplastic nodules of the liver: imaging findings (1999)
    Springer
    Abdominal imaging 24 (1999), S. 250-257 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0509
    Keywords: Key words: Liver—Neoplasms—US—CT—MR.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background: To verify characteristic features of hepatic dysplastic nodules at different imaging modalities. Methods: Twenty-eight patients with 37 dysplastic nodules of the liver (0.8–3.0 cm) underwent sonography (28 patients), computed tomography (CT; 24 patients), magnetic resonance (MR; 11 patients), and angiography (12 patients). Each nodule was analyzed for echogenicity, attenuation, signal intensity, and vascularity. Results: Echogenicity of nodules was high in 16 (43%), homogeneous in two (6%), and low in 19 (51%) of 37 nodules. Attenuation of nodules was high in one (7%), homogeneous in four (26%), and low in 10 (67%) of 15 nodules on the arterial-phase CT images; homogeneous in five (33%) and low in 10 (67%) of 15 nodules on the portal-phase CT images; and high in four (17%), homogeneous in six (26%), and low in 13 (57%) of 23 nodules on the delayed-phase CT images. Signal intensity of nodules was high in 15 (94%) and homogeneous in one (6%) of 16 nodules on T1-weighted MR images and was homogeneous in seven (44%) and low in nine (56%) of 16 nodules on T2-weighted MR images. Vascularity of nodules was avascular in 14 (88%) and slightly vascular in two (12%) of 16 nodules. Conclusions: Hepatic dysplastic nodules show diverse imaging characteristics with different imaging techniques; however, common imaging findings of hepatic dysplastic nodules are low echo, low attenuation, and high, low, or homogeneous intensity on T1- and T2-weighted MR, and avascularity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002619900490
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preoperative evaluation of Klatskin tumor: accuracy of spiral CT in determining vascular invasion as a sign of unresectability (2000)
    Springer
    Abdominal imaging 25 (2000), S. 500-507 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0509
    Keywords: Key words: Bile ducts—Bile ducts, CT—Bile ducts, neoplasm.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background: To assess the accuracy of spiral computed tomography (CT) in predicting the resectability of Klatskin tumor as determined by vascular invasion. Methods: Twenty-one consecutive patients with Klatskin tumor who had undergone laparotomy were included in this study. The preoperative thin-section (5-mm-thick) spiral CT scans of these patients were assessed for the surgical resectability of tumor by evaluating the vascular invasion. The criterion for vascular invasion indicating unresectability was the tumoral invasion of the proper hepatic artery or main portal vein or simultaneous invasion of one side of the hepatic artery and the other side of the portal vein. Results: All nine patients with tumors thought to be unresectable on the basis of CT findings had tumors that were unresectable at surgery (positive predictive value, 100%). Of 12 patients with tumors thought to be resectable, six had resectable tumors (negative predictive value, 50%). Spiral CT failed to detect small hepatic metastasis (n= 1), lymph node metastasis (n= 1), extensive tumor (n= 2) and variation of bile duct (n= 2), which precluded surgical resection. Conclusion: Spiral CT is a reliable method for detecting vascular invasion and unresectable tumors. However, it has limitations in detecting variations of the bile duct or the intraductal extent of tumor.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s002610000081
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