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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Role of elastase and active oxygen species in gastric mucosal injury induced by aspirin administration in Helicobacter pylori-infected Mongolian gerbils (2002)
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd.
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 16 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: H. pylori infection potentiates aspirin-induced gastric mucosal injury by mechanisms that include accumulation of activated neutrophils.〈section xml:id="abs1-2"〉〈title type="main"〉Aim:To determine the role of elastase and active oxygen species (AOS) produced by activated neutrophils in the gastric mucosal injury induced by administration of acidified aspirin to H. pylori-infected Mongolian gerbils.〈section xml:id="abs1-3"〉〈title type="main"〉Methods: H. pylori ATCC43504 culture broth was administered by oral gavage to male Mongolian gerbils at 7 weeks of age. After 4 weeks, acidified aspirin (400 mg/kg) was administered orally, and 3 h later, the total area of gastric erosions, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity (an index of neutrophil accumulation), thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS, an index of lipid peroxidation), and KC/GRO (a chemo-attractive cytokine in rodents) were measured in gastric mucosa. To determine the role of elastase or AOS derived from neutrophils in these circumstances, ONO-5046 (an elastase inhibitor), a combination of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (scavengers of AOS), and polaprezinc (an anti-ulcer agent with anti-inflammatory effects) were administered before aspirin.〈section xml:id="abs1-4"〉〈title type="main"〉Results:ONO-5046 inhibited the increase in gastric erosions and mucosal TBARS induced by administration of aspirin to H. pylori-infected gerbils, but not the increases in MPO activity or KC/GRO contents. A combination of SOD and catalase or polaprezinc significantly reduced gastric erosions, TBARS concentrations, MPO activity and KC/GRO concentration.〈section xml:id="abs1-5"〉〈title type="main"〉Conclusions:These results suggest that neutrophil-derived-elastase and -oxidants play an important role in the gastric mucosal injury induced by administration of aspirin to H. pylori-infected gerbils.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2036.16.s2.32.x
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pruritus-associated response mediated by cutaneous histamine H3 receptors (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 34 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background  Histamine is one of the most common chemical mediators causing pruritus, and H1 receptor antagonists have been used as a first choice in its treatment. On the other hand, although the presence of H3 receptors has been identified in the skin, few studies have investigated the involvement of H3 receptors on pruritus.Objective  The purpose of this study was to examine whether H3 receptor agonist or antagonist influences the incidence of scratching behaviour in ICR or mast cell-deficient WBB6F1-W/WV mice.Methods  The mice were given an intradermal injection of H3 receptor agonist or antagonist into the rostral part of the back, and the occurrence of scratching behaviour at the injected site by the hind paws was counted over 60 min.Results  H3 receptor antagonists, thioperamide and AQ0145 significantly increased the incidence of scratching behaviour in ICR mice. H3 receptor agonist, (R)-alpha-methylhistamine, had no effect. On the other hand, (R)-alpha-methylhistamine significantly inhibited thioperamide or AQ0145-induced scratching behaviour. In addition, both thioperamide and AQ0145 elicited scratching behaviour in mast cell-deficient WBB6F1-W/WV mice.Conclusion  From these results, it may be concluded that H3 receptors are involved in the modulation of pruritus in the skin, and mast cells are not essential in this response. In addition, H3 receptor agonists can be useful as a novel therapeutic approach against pruritus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.2004.01876.x
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Asymmetry in jaw-jerk reflex latency in craniomandibular dysfunction patients with unilateral masseter pain (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of oral rehabilitation 27 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2842
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The purpose of the present study was to elucidate the effects of unilateral masseter muscle pain on the jaw-jerk reflex. The latency and peak-to-peak amplitude of bilateral electromyographic activity recorded at the masseter muscles during the jaw-jerk reflex were measured in 18 patients with craniomandibular dysfunction (CMD) with strictly unilateral masseter pain or tenderness and 10 control subjects using a computerized recording and analysis system. The reflex was elicited, at the mandibular rest position, by tapping the centre of the chin downwards with a reflex hammer incorporating a microswitch that triggered the sweep of the recording apparatus upon contact with the chin. In the CMD group, the jaw-jerk latency on the affected side (6·89±0·98 ms) was significantly shorter (P〈0·01) than that on the unaffected side (7·59±0·92 ms). In the control group, there was no difference between the jaw-jerk latencies on the right (7·06±0·64 ms) and the left (7·08±0·65 ms) sides. The range of side asymmetry for jaw-jerk latencies in the CMD group was greater than that in the control group. In six patients, the latency difference exceeded 1 ms. The asymmetry of latency of the jaw-jerk reflex was thought to be due to facilitation on the side with masseter pain or tenderness. This facilitation on the ipsilateral side might be produced by enhanced gamma drive induced by sustained nociceptive stimulation. Such effects may be related with clinically derived concepts regarding such muscle dysfunction as myospastic activity or trigger points.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2842.2000.00595.x
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Multilocular giant epidermal cyst (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 151 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2004.06227.x
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of staphylococci on cytokine production from human keratinocytes (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 148 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background  Staphylococcus skin infection is characterized by the infiltration of numerous neutrophils within the epidermis; however, the precise mechanism of epidermal infiltration of neutrophils during skin infection with staphylococci is not well understood and the factors regulating the neutrophil recruitment are yet to be determined.Objectives  We investigated the effects of staphylococci on cytokine production from keratinocytes, specifically to elucidate the mechanisms of neutrophil infiltration within the epidermis in cutaneous microbial infection.Methods  Cytokine production from human keratinocytes was examined after stimulation with heat-killed Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis and S. intermedius.Results  Interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 were detected in the culture supernatants by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay but IL-1β, monocyte chemotactic protein-1 and tumour necrosis factor-α were not. IL-6 and IL-8 mRNAs were also confirmed by reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction in the keratinocytes stimulated with killed staphylococci for 1, 3, 6, 10 and 24 h.Conclusions  These results could explain the epidermal infiltration of neutrophils in cutaneous infection with staphylococci, suggesting that the analysis of cytokines might add valuable information for the pathogenesis of cutaneous infection with Staphylococcus species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2003.05017.x
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prolonged recovery of ultraviolet B-irradiated skin in neuropsin (KLK8)-deficient mice (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 149 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background  Neuropsin (KLK8), a serine protease of the kallikrein family, is thought to be involved in the function of keratinocytes, i.e. migration, differentiation and desquamation. However, how neuropsin participates is still unknown.Objective  To observe the epidermal function of serine protease in neuropsin-deficient mice.Methods  We irradiated the skin of neuropsin-deficient mice with ultraviolet light to induce acute inflammation and compared the morphology with that of wild-type mice.Results  We observed a phenotypic change in the epidermis. An acute inflammatory dose of ultraviolet light induced a marked increase in neuropsin mRNA expression in the skin. The signal intensity of the mRNA expression was highest on day 2–3 after irradiation, when keratinocytes were aligned irregularly in the recovery period. Morphological comparison between neuropsin –/– and +/+ mice revealed that an irregular alignment of cells in the thickened epidermis was obvious on day 2 after irradiation in the wild-type mice, whereas it was prolonged for at least 2 days in the neuropsin-deficient mice. The stratum corneum of neuropsin-deficient mice was remarkably thicker than that of the wild-type mice at 5, 14 and 21 days after irradiation. The increase, as a response to this stimulus, in involucrin immunoreactivity, a marker for cell envelope assembly, was delayed in the mutant mice.Conclusions  Thus, neuropsin might be involved early in the process of differentiation, such as in the assembly of the cell envelope, but not in migration and desquamation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2003.05484.x
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The expression of nectin-1α in normal human skin and various skin tumours (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 148 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Background A novel cell–cell adhesion system that consists of nectin and afadin has been identified at cadherin-based cell–cell adherens junctions. Nectin is a Ca2+-independent homophilic and heterophilic cell adhesion molecule that belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily. Nectin has recently been shown to serve as an α-herpesvirus entry and cell–cell spread mediator. In spite of the ubiquitous expression of nectin-1α, its detailed localization in human skin has not been examined so far. Objectives To investigate the localization of nectin-1α in normal human skin and the alteration of its expression in malignant skin tumours. Methods Immunohistochemistry was employed to determine the expression of nectin-1α and other adhesion molecules. Results We detected nectin-1α in normal human epidermis, follicles and eccrine ducts. Nectin-1α was colocalized with E-cadherin at cell–cell adherens junctions of the epidermis. The concentration of the nectin–afadin system at cell–cell adherens junctions was reduced in the early stage of malignant transformation of keratinocytes, such as in basal cell carcinomas and squamous cell carcinomas, where the cadherin–catenin system was preserved. Nectin-1α at cell–cell adherens junctions was reduced in human epithelial cancer cells located at the advancing border of the tumour. Conclusions Our results showed that nectin-1α is located at cell–cell adherens junctions in human skin and that reduction of nectin-1α at cell–cell adherens junctions may be involved in the invasion of squamous cell tumours.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2003.05225.x
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Attitudes to oral care among caregivers in Japanese nursing homes (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Gerodontology 18 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1741-2358
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate oral care practice and awareness of it among caregivers in Japanese nursing homes.Methods: Caregivers were surveyed by means of a self-administered questionnaire designed to elicit the following information: awareness of oral care, its importance, the burden involved in oral care, and systemization of oral care.Results: The results showed that most caregivers are adequately informed of the importance of oral care, but are inadequately educated in oral care and have little training in systematic oral care.Conclusion: The importance of providing appropriate and systematic oral care training must be stressed among caregivers along with the need to develop equipment to simplify and support oral care.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-2358.2001.00002.x
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Survival of memory T cells specific for Japanese cypress pollen allergen is maintained by cross-stimulation of putative pectate lyases from other plants (2001)
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Allergy 56 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In view of recent studies on the mechanisms of the survival of peripheral memory T cells, we tested the biologic role of pectate lyase, a pectin-degrading enzyme, as the cross-reactive antigen required for the recurring survival signals for human T cells specific for Cha o 1, a pollen allergen molecule of the Japanese cypress. We determined a 16-mer epitope peptide for the T-cell clone, and prepared synthetic oligopeptides of homologous regions in putative pectate lyase of other plants. Of these homologous peptides, ZePel (Zinnia elegans), ban 17 (banana), and Amb a 1.1 (short ragweed) induced strong proliferative responses of the Cha o 1-specific T-cell clone in vitro. In addition, suboptimal doses of peptide homologs derived from banana and short ragweed enhanced the survival potency of this T-cell clone without detectable proliferative responses to the peptides. When there was no antigen stimulation, the T-cell clone decreased in viable cell number and lost antigen-specific proliferation activity on day 6 during in vitro incubation. On the other hand, T-cell clones incubated with these survival-inducing peptides maintained proliferative activity to Cha o 1 even on day 9. Serum derived from the donor patient did not contain detectable levels of IgE specific to banana or short ragweed by CAP-RAST. These results show that human T cells specific for pollen allergen seem to use cross-reactive pectate lyase peptides to deliver survival signals even in the absence of pollen allergen, and memory T cells maintained in such a manner might be functioning at the onset of allergic pollinosis, although pollen allergens are seasonal.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1398-9995.2001.056005385.x
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantum oscillations in two coupled charge qubits (2003)
    [s.l.] : Macmillian Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 421 (2003), S. 823-826 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] A practical quantum computer, if built, would consist of a set of coupled two-level quantum systems (qubits). Among the variety of qubits implemented, solid-state qubits are of particular interest because of their potential suitability for integrated devices. A variety of qubits based on ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature01365
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