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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Ophthalmologe 95 (1998), S. 507-510 
    ISSN: 1433-0423
    Keywords: Key words Internet - Ophthalmological information ; Schlüsselwörter Internet ; Ophthalmologische Informationen ; Bildatlas
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Durch das steigende Informationsangebot und einen relativ leichten Einstieg finden immer mehr Ophthalmologen Zugang zum Internet. Ein jederzeit und jederorts abrufbarer ophthalmologischer Befundbildatlas mit zugehörigem ICD-Schlüssel im World Wide Web bietet verschiedene Möglichkeiten, wie z.B. Aufruf eines typischen Befundbildes zum differentialdiagnostischen Vergleich, zur eigenen Weiterbildung oder Verwendung für den eigenen Bedarf (u.a. Präsentationen). Bis jetzt wurden bereits über 500 typische Befundbilder ausgewählt, digitalisiert und in eine Datenbank integriert, die über 4700 ICD-standardisierte und -codierte Diagnosen enthält. Bildbezogene Diagnosen und die Bilder werden mit dieser Datenbank verknüpft. Nach Eingabe eines diagnostischen Suchbegriffs bewirken spezielle Programmskripte die Datenbanksuche und die Ausgabe der Suchergebnisse in automatisch erstellten Web-Seiten. Die gefundenen Bilder werden zur Minimierung des Datentransfers zunächst in Kleinformat (Thumbnails) ausgegeben und sind auf Mausklick im Vollformat zu erhalten. Neben Diagnose und ICD-Schlüssel-Nummer werden zu jedem Bild der Autor, ein diagnostischer Hinweis (Hausdiagnose) und ein Kommentar bzw. Kommentarmöglichkeit angeboten. Der von uns entwickelte Gießener Ophthalmologische Bildatlas ist unter der Internetadresse www.med.uni-giessen.de [Überlokale Infosysteme] abrufbar. Er ermöglicht einen gezielten, raschen und kostenlosen Diagnose- und Befundbildabruf mit zugehörigem ICD-Schlüssel und stellt eine sinnvolle Ergänzung zum Studium von gedruckten ophthalmologischen Bildatlanten dar.
    Notes: The Internet has become a powerful, international source for information, and it has shown an exponential growth because of the ease of access and the immediate availability of information. We introduced a new ophthalmological atlas including ICD coding on the World Wide Web. So far, more than 500 lantern slides of typical and interesting ophthalmological findings have been selected and digitized. These pictures were integrated in a data base, which was arranged for ease and speed of search and retrieval. In its background, the data base contains a list of over 4700 ICD-encoded diagnoses to which the picture-documented findings are linked. Comments on pictures can be added by the author or by users. The data base contains several lists, such as a list of ICD codes and diagnoses, a list of all pictures with corresponding diagnoses, a list of all diagnoses and number of picture, a list of those diagnoses for which the corresponding picture is available, as well as a list of comments on each picture. Special program scripts handle the user's search key words for diagnoses and extract the required information out of the data base, using Windows NT. Search results are presented on an automatically built-up webpage. To provide fast speed of search all pictures initially are shown in a small format (thumbnails) with little amount of data. The related full-size picture is retrieved by a single mouse click. Moreover, the name and institution of the author, diagnostical hints and comments on pictures by the author or by users are offered for each diagnosis available. The Giessen Ophthalmological Picture Atlas can be reached under www.med.uni-giessen.de in the Internet. It allows a fast search free of charge from all over the world and, therefore, offers an additional option to obtain specific ophthalmological information for various purposes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 12
    ISSN: 1546-170X
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] Despite the prevalence of γδ T cells in mucosae that are typically colonized by Candida albicans, little is known of the possible role of these cells in resistance to candidiasis. A sharp increase in the number of γδ T cells and macrophages following intraperitoneal ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 274 (1978), S. 394-395 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Table 1 demonstrates that the cholesterol present in membranes of intact VS virus and intact human erythrocytes was essentially inaccessible to oxidation by cholesterol oxidase compared with 100% oxidation after disruption of each membrane with 0.3% sodium taurodeoxycholate. Trypsin digestion of ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 14
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    Unknown
    Berlin : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    Orientalistische Literaturzeitung. 71:2 (1976:März/Apr.) 196 
    ISSN: 0030-5383
    Topics: Linguistics and Literary Studies , Ethnic Sciences , History
    Notes: Besprechungen
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of gynecology and obstetrics 224 (1977), S. 522-523 
    ISSN: 1432-0711
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Zeitschrift für Lebensmittel-Untersuchung und -Forschung 208 (1999), S. 308-316 
    ISSN: 1431-4630
    Keywords: Key words Pyrazine ; Odour threshold ; Structure ; Molecular modelling ; Theoretical receptor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract  The odour thresholds (i.e. the lowest concentration at which an odour can be detected) of 80 alkylpyrazines, most of them synthesized, were determined by gas chromatography-olfactometry. Trimethylpyrazine (1) had the lowest threshold (50 ng/l air) amongst mono-, di-, tri- and tetramethylpyrazine. Substitution of the methyl group in position 2 of 1 by an ethyl group yielded 2-ethyl-3,5-dimethylpyrazine (2) showing a 4500-fold lower odour threshold than 1. The thresholds of 2-ethenyl-3,5-dimethylpyrazine (3), 2,3-diethyl-5-methylpyrazine (4) and 2-ethenyl-3-ethyl-5-methylpyrazine (5) were as low as that of 2. The threshold of 3-ethenyl-2-ethyl-5-methylpyrazine was 8000 times higher than that of 5, indicating that an ethenyl group was only tolerated in position 2, but not in position 3. A further increase in the odour threshold was found when the ethenyl or the ethyl group was located in position 5. Substitution of the ethyl group of 2 by a (Z)-1-propenyl group increased the threshold only by a factor of 5, whereas the (E)-isomer and the 2-propenyl group enhanced the threshold by factors of 160 and 27000, respectively. Also a propyl, butyl, pentyl, isobutyl or hexyl group in position 2 of 2 was too bulky, and in these molecules the odour threshold was at least 2200 times higher than that of 2. The geometrical structure of a theoretical receptor was obtained by superimposing the minimized structures of pyrazines with low thresholds (Chem-X force-field minimization). Sterically forbidden regions in the resulting model were found by superimposing pyrazines with high thresholds.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 17
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: ICA 69 ; insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus ; rheumatoid arthritis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Islet cell antigen (ICA) 69 is a newly-recognized islet cell antigen to which autoantibodies have been observed in prediabetic relatives of patients with insulin-dependent-diabetes mellitus (IDDM). Here we extend the earlier analysis of ICA 69 antibodies to patients with recent-onset IDDM and to patients with other immune-mediated diseases. ICA 69 antibodies were determined by Western blot using an affinity purified recombinant fusion protein of ICA 69 and maltose binding protein. ICA 69 antibody quantities were determined as titres using a titration curve of a standard serum as reference. Mean logarithmic ICA 69 antibody titres were 3.4 (±1.4) in 99 patients with acute IDDM compared to 2.8 (±0.9) in 49 healthy blood donors (p〈0.001). A higher mean ICA 69 antibody titre of 4.1 (±0.8) was observed in 16 patients with rheumatoid arthritis in comparison to acute IDDM (p〈0.01) and healthy control subjects (p〈0.001). The percentage of sera with ICA 69 antibody titres above the 2 SD level of normal subjects was 21% in IDDM, 31% in rheumatoid arthritis and 6% in healthy blood donors. None of the patients with autoimmune thyroid disease (n=20), inflammatory bowel disease (n=9) or multiple sclerosis (n=7) had elevated ICA 69 antibodies. In IDDM, presence of ICA 69 antibodies persisted and the titre remained the same over 18 months of follow-up. The relationship of ICA 69 antibodies to islet cell antibodies (ICA) or insulin autoantibodies (IAA) was tested. The production of ICA 69 antibodies was not associated in diabetic patients with the presence of any of the two other autoantibodies. In conclusion, this study describes ICA 69 antibodies in acute IDDM and finds them to be independent of other islet autoantibodies. In addition ICA 69 is a target of humoural autoimmunity not only in IDDM but also in rheumatoid arthritis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 18
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Key words ICA 69 ; insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus; rheumatoid arthritis.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Islet cell antigen (ICA) 69 is a newly-recognized islet cell antigen to which autoantibodies have been observed in prediabetic relatives of patients with insulin-dependent-diabetes mellitus (IDDM). Here we extend the earlier analysis of ICA 69 antibodies to patients with recent-onset IDDM and to patients with other immune-mediated diseases. ICA 69 antibodies were determined by Western blot using an affinity purified recombinant fusion protein of ICA 69 and maltose binding protein. ICA 69 antibody quantities were determined as titres using a titration curve of a standard serum as reference. Mean logarithmic ICA 69 antibody titres were 3.4 (± 1.4) in 99 patients with acute IDDM compared to 2.8 (± 0.9) in 49 healthy blood donors (p 〈 0.001). A higher mean ICA 69 antibody titre of 4.1 (± 0.8) was observed in 16 patients with rheumatoid arthritis in comparison to acute IDDM (p 〈 0.01) and healthy control subjects (p 〈 0.001). The percentage of sera with ICA 69 antibody titres above the 2 SD level of normal subjects was 21 % in IDDM, 31 % in rheumatoid arthritis and 6 % in healthy blood donors. None of the patients with autoimmune thyroid disease (n = 20), inflammatory bowel disease (n = 9) or multiple sclerosis (n = 7) had elevated ICA 69 antibodies. In IDDM, presence of ICA 69 antibodies persisted and the titre remained the same over 18 months of follow-up. The relationship of ICA 69 antibodies to islet cell antibodies (ICA) or insulin autoantibodies (IAA) was tested. The production of ICA 69 antibodies was not associated in diabetic patients with the presence of any of the two other autoantibodies. In conclusion, this study describes ICA 69 antibodies in acute IDDM and finds them to be independent of other islet autoantibodies. In addition ICA 69 is a target of humoural autoimmunity not only in IDDM but also in rheumatoid arthritis. [Diabetologia (1995) 38: 351–355]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 51 (1999), S. 447-455 
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract A large-scale cultivation system for the mass cell production and extraction of the protozoon Tetrahymena thermophila has been developed on the basis of a low-cost complex nutrient medium. Cell growth and the production of extracellular proteases were investigated using a 15-l stirred-tank reactor and 13-l and 1500-l airlift reactors. Processes using defined and complex medium formulations were compared. After cell mass production by 1200 l cell suspension in the large airlift bioreactor, two different extraction methods, based on the use of an extraction decanter and a sedimentation procedure, were compared and followed by cell lyophilization. Cell sedimentation was shown to be the more efficient extraction method as it enabled cell retention/separation while preserving the cell structure. Maximum cell growth was achieved in the stirred-tank bioreactor, supporting the hypothesis that higher shear forces reduce the particle size of the medium, which is responsible for an optimized nutrient supply. The highest glucose uptake rates were found in defined medium lacking the nutrient particles that are present in complex medium formulations. The cell-specific proteolytic activity in culture supernatants of airlift bioreactors using complex medium conditions was higher than that of a culture broth with cells grown under defined medium formulations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 121 (1979), S. 255-260 
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Purine fermentation ; Xanthine dehydrogenase ; Selenium ; Tungsten ; Molybdenum ; Clostridium acidiurici ; Clostridium cylindrosporum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The xanthine dehydrogenase of Clostridium acidiurici and C. cylindrosporum was assayed with methyl viologen as acceptor. In C. acidiurici the basal activity level was about 0.3 μmol/min x mg of protein. Cells grown on uric acid in the presence of 10-7 M selenite showed a 14-fold increase in xanthine dehydrogenase activity, which decreased with higher selenite concentrations (10-5 M). The supplementation with 10-7 M molybdate or tungstate was without effect. High concentrations of tungstate decreased the xanthine dehydrogenase if selenite was also present. In comparison, high concentrations of molybdate affected only a small decrease in activity level at the optimal concentration for selenite and relieved to some degree the inhibitory effect of 10-5 M selenite. With hypoxanthine and xanthine as substrates for growth again only the addition of selenite was necessary to show a similar increase in xanthine dehydrogenase activity. C. acidiurici could be grown in a mineral medium. Both xanthine dehydrogenase and formate dehydrogenase exhibited the highest level of activity if selenite and tungstate were present in that medium. In C. cylindrosporum the basal activity level of xanthine dehydrogenase was about 0.95 μmol/min x mg of protein. The addition of 10-7 M selenite to the growth medium increased the activity level about 3-fold, but the highest level (3.7 U/mg) was reached if 10-7 M molybdate was also added. The presence of tungstate resulted in a decreased enzyme activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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