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  • 1990-1994  (37)
  • 1994  (37)
  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Weed research 34 (1994), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-3180
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Responses of 10 natural or agricultural populations of Xanthium strumarium to sublethal rates of bentazone applied post-emergence were examined under field conditions. Both vegetative growth and reproduction of sprayed plants were affected by the herbicide. Some populations were more tolerant of bentazone than the others, but the degree of herbicide tolerance did not depend on the previous herbicide experience of a population. Bentazone treatment significantly reduced the weight per fruit in some populations, which in turn could affect the survival and growth of the subsequent seedlings. La réponse depopulations de Xanthium strumarium à des doses sublétales de bentazoneNous avons étudié au champ la réponse de dix populations naturelles ou agricoles de Xanthium strumariumà des doses sublétales de bentazone appliquée en post-levée. L'herbicide affectait la croissance et la reproduction des plantes traitées. Quelques populations étaient plus tolérantes à la bentazone que d'autres, mais le degré de tolérance ne dépendait pas de l'exposition préalable des populations à l'herbicide. La bentazone réduisait significativement le poids des fruits dans quelques populations, ce qui pouvait affecter ensuite la survie et la croissance des jeunes plantes qui en étaient issues. Wirkung subletaler Dosen von Bentazon auf Xanthium strumariumZehn Herkünfte von Xanthium strumarium wurden im Nachauflauf mit subletalen Dosen von Bentazon unter Feldbedingungen behandelt. Sowohl das vegetative Wachstum als auch die Samenbildung der behandelten Pflanzen wurden durch das Herbizid beeinträchtigt. Einige Herkünfte waren weniger empfindlich, doch der Grad der Herbizidempfindlichkeit stand nicht im Einklang mit früheren Erfahrungen über die Wirkung des Herbizids. Durch die Bentazon-Be-handlungen nahm das Gewicht der Samen bei einigen Herkünften signifikant ab, so daß ihre Lebensfähigkeit und das Wachstum der Keimpflanzen beeinträchtigt sein könnten.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 44 (1994), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Intraspecific cleaning behaviour of diseased juvenile Cyprinus carpio L, in experimental tanks in Wuxi, China has been observed and is described.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Surgical and radiologic anatomy 16 (1994), S. 37-45 
    ISSN: 1279-8517
    Keywords: Pancreas ; Pancreatic veins ; Duodenum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Dans le but d'éclaircir certains aspects contradictoires de la description du drainage veineux du pancréas, une revue de la littérature et une recherche anatomique ont été effectuées. Cinquante blocs duodénopancréatiques ont été étudiés selon la technique d'injection-corrosion, desquels 45 ont été retenus pour l'étude du pancréas droit et 37 pour celle du pancréas gauche. Le drainage veineux du duodéno-pancréas est assuré suivant deux territoires: un postérosupérieur et un antéro-inférieur, le premier se drainant vers la v. porte et le deuxième dans la v.mésentérique supérieure. La charnière entre les deux est représentée par la v. pancréatico-duodénale inférieure et postérieure (PDIP). Quatre veines assurent le drainage duodéno-pancréatique: pancréatico-duodénale supérieure et antérieure (PDSA), pancréatico-duodénale inférieure et antérieure (PDIA), pancréatico-duodénale supérieure et postérieure (PDSP) et pancréatico-duodénale inférieure et postérieure (PDIP). La veine la plus importante de la face ventrale est la PDSA, celle de la face dorsale est la PDSP. Deux arcades, antérieure et postérieure, ont été retrouvées dans la plupart des cas. Le pancréas gauche se draine dans la v. splénique à travers plusieurs branches collatérales. D'autres veines participent au drainage veineux de l'isthme, du corps et de la queue du pancréas, dont la v. pancréatique inférieure ou transverse.
    Notes: Summary With the aim of clarifying certain contradictory aspects of the description of the venous drainage of the pancreas, a review of the literature and an anatomic study were carried out. Fifty duodeno-pancreatic blocks were studied by the injection-corrosion technique, of which 45 were available for study of the right pancreas and 37 for that of the left pancreas. The venous drainage of the duodeno-pancreas is effected via two territories: a posterosuperior and an anteroinferior, the former draining toward the portal v. and the second into the superior mesenteric v. The borderline between the two is represented by the inferior posterior pancreatico-duodenal (IPPD) v. Four veins ensure duodeno-pancreatic drainage: the superior anterior, inferior anterior, superior posterior and inferior posterior pancreatico-duodenal vv. (SAPD, IAPD, SPPD and IPPD). The major vein of the ventral aspect is the SAPD; that of the dorsal aspect is the SPPD. Two arches, anterior and posterior, were found in the majority of cases. The left pancreas drains into the splenic v. via several collateral branches. Other veins participate in the venous drainage of the isthmus, body and tail of the pancreas, including the inferior or transverse pancreatic v.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Applied physics 58 (1994), S. 13-18 
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.60.By ; 32.30.Rj ; 32.70.-n ; 52.50.Jm
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We propose a scheme for producing high gain recombination X-ray lasers on hydrogen-like Balmer α transitions by irradiating fibre targets with a 2 ps Chirped Pulse Amplification CPA beam of a Nd-glass laser facility. Very high gain coefficients for H-like C, N, O, F, Na Balmer α transitions are predicted. The optimum electron density and temperature for maximum gain operation scale approximately asN e ∼ 4 × 1013 Z 7 cm−3 and Te ∼ 7 × 10−3 Z 4 eV, respectively, at the time when maximum lasing gain appears. Significant improvement in gain performance of recombination X-ray lasers is predicted by using CPA ps pulse drivers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 15
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.60.By ; 42.60.Kg ; 42.10.Mg
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Coupling of a soft X-ray laser beam with a relaying concave mirror in a sequentially pumped amplifier geometry using the Ne-like Ge system has been studied experimentally. Preliminary observations indicate an increase in the spatial coherence of the amplified relayed beam. In addition, near-field imaging of one of the amplifier plasmas shows a double-lobed intensity pattern of the emergent beam indicating refractive guiding of the amplified beam with components both normal and tangential to the target surface.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Surgical and radiologic anatomy 16 (1994), S. 221-228 
    ISSN: 1279-8517
    Keywords: Stomach ; Venous drainage ; Gastric esophagoplasty
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Ce travail a été effectué dans le but de préciser l'architecture générale du système veineux de l'estomac et son mode de drainage dans des conditions normales. Il est aussi motivé par la recherche du rôle du drainage veineux dans la genèse des désunions, des fistules anastomotiques, des sténoses après oesophagoplastie tubulée pédiculisée sur les vaisseaux gastro-épiploïques droits. 60 estomacs prélevés sur des cadavres frais ont été étudiés par la méthode d'injection-corrosion. Le produit utilisé est l'Altufix P10 coloré. 35 pièces ont été injectées globalement par la veine mésentérique supérieure, 15 pièces par la même voie mais après clampage de la veine splénique, de la veine gastrique gauche et de la veine gastrique droite, ce qui correspond a la technique de gastrolyse effectuée pour oesophagoplastie, et 10 ont été injectées simultanément par les produits colorés en quatre couleurs par les veines gastrique gauche, gastrique droite, mésentérique supérieure et splénique (ou liénale) pour préciser leur territories correspondants. L'origine, le trajet, la terminaison, le territoire et le calibre des principales veines de l'estomac ont été étudiés. L'analyse des résultats permet de confirmer la richesse des anastomoses veineuses de l'estomac qui s'effectuent d'une part, entre deux arcades extrapariétales au niveau de la grande et de la petite courbure, et d'autre part au niveau de communications intrapariétales disposées perpendiculairement à ces deux arcades. Il apparaît que la veine gastro-épiploïque droite ne peut pas toujours assurer le drainage de la totalité de l'estomac. Les facteurs influençants sont discutés. Le risque de stase veineuse dans l'oesophagoplastie gastrique doit toujours être pris en compte.
    Notes: Summary This study was made with the aim of specifying the general architecture of the venous system of the stomach and its mode of drainage under normal conditions, and also of investigating the role of the venous drainage in the origin of disunion, anastomotic fistula and structure after tubular esophagoplasty pedicled on the right gastroepiploic vessels. Sixty stomachs removed from fresh cadavers were studied by injection-corrosion, using colored Altufix P10 as the injection mass. 35 specimens were injected globally via the superior mesenteric v., 15 by the same route but after clamping of the splenic, left gastric and right gastric vv., which corresponds to the technique of gastrolysis performed in esophagoplasty, and 10 were injected simultaneously with media of four different colors via the left gastric, right gastric, superior mesenteric and splenic vv. to define their respective territories. Also studied were the origin, course, termination, territory and caliber of the main gastric veins. Analysis of the results confirmed the richness of the venous anastomoses of the stomach, effected on the one hand between the two extraparietal arches at the greater and lesser curvatures, and on the other by intraperitoneal communications arranged perpendicular to these two arches. It emerges that the right gastroepiploic v. cannot always ensure drainage of the entire stomach. The factors involved are discussed. The risk of venous stasis in gastric esophagoplasty must always be borne in mind.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Surgical and radiologic anatomy 16 (1994), S. 413-418 
    ISSN: 1279-8517
    Keywords: Gastrocolic venous trunk ; Superior mesenteric vein
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Le mode de constitution, les mensurations et la fréquence du tronc veineux gastro-colique ont été étudiés par la technique d'injection-corrosion sur une série de 54 pièces anatomiques et par l'analyse de 50 examens TDM chez des patients indemnes de pathologie hépatique ou pancréatique. Le tronc gastrocolique a été retrouvé 51 fois sur 54 pièces anatomiques et 27 fois sur 50 examens TDM. Sa grande variabilité de constitution, de bipode, à tripode ou quadripode a été notée. Avec un diamètre moyen de 4,9 mm, il débouche sur les faces antérieure, droite ou antéro-gauche de la veine mésentérique supérieure à une distance moyenne de 15 mm au dessous du bord inférieur du confluent spléno-mésentérique. L'intérêt de la tomodensitométrie dans le bilan préopératoire d'une intervention pour hypertension portale ou tumeur du pancréas, ou dans le diagnostic d'une thrombose splénique, est mis en exergue.
    Notes: Summary The mode of formation, measurements and frequency of occurrence of the gastrocolic venous trunk were studied by the injection-corrosion technique in a series of 54 anatomic specimens and by the analysis of 50 CT studies in patients without hepatic or pancreatic disease. The gastrocolic trunk was found in 51 of the 54 anatomic specimens and in 27 of the 50 CT studies. The great variability in its formation, whether bipodal, tripodal or quadripodal, was noted. With a mean diameter of 4.9 mm, it opened into the anterior, right or antero-left aspects of the superior mesenteric v. at a mean distance of 15 mm below the inferior border of the spleno-mesenteric confluence. The value of preliminary CT assessment before an operation for portal hypertension or a pancreatic tumor or in the diagnosis of a splenic thrombosis is emphasised.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 349 (1994), S. 437-442 
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Ang II ; AT1-receptor ; Calcium ions ; Calcium antagonists ; Rat portal vein
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The calcium dependency of AT1-receptor mediated contractions was studied in isolated rat portal vein preparations. The spontaneous phasic contractile force of the rat portal vein was increased (ED50 = 1.76 mmol/l) and the frequency of contractions decreased by raising the extracellular calcium concentration. The Ang 11-induced rise in phasic contractile force (mediated by AT1-receptors, Zhang et al. 1993) proved most pronounced at 0.9 mmol/l of calcium chloride, but it was weaker at either lower or higher calcium concentrations. The maximal increases in the phasic contractile force induced by Ang II were 2.4±0.4, 14.8±0.9 and 5±0.5 mN at calcium concentrations of 0.5, 0.9 and 2.5 mmol/l, respectively. Calcium antagonists reduced at the lower and abolished at the higher concentrations (nifedipine 2×10−8 or 10−7 mol/l; verapamil 10−7 or 5 × 10−7 mol/l; diltiazem 3 × 10−7 or 10–6 mol/l) the spontaneous contractile force. All of these calcium antagonists caused a strong inhibition or suppression of the phasic contractions induced by Ang II.The rank order of potency was nifedipine 〉verapamil 〉 diltiazem. Ang II (10−6 mol/l) elicited a tonic contraction which was abolished by the AT1-receptor antagonist losartan 10-6 mol/l but not by the AT2-receptor antagonist PD 123177 (10–5 mol/l). Very high concentrations of nifedipine (10–6 mol/l), verapamil (5 × 10-6 mol/l) and diltiazem (5 × 10−6 mol/l) almost suppressed the tonic effect evoked by the activation of AT1-receptors. In a nominally Ca2+ “free”, EGTA-containing solution, a single supra-maximal concentration of Ang II (10−6 mol/l) caused a transient contraction, also mediated by AT1-receptors. This finding suggests the existence of Ang II-sensitive intracellular calcium stores in this preparation. The depletion of such stores proved complete after 4–6 min of perfusion in a Ca2+ “free”, EGTA-containing solution. In conclusion, various types of contractions (a transient contraction in a Ca2+-“free” medium, phasic and tonic contractions) induced by Ang II in the rat portal vein proved to be mediated by AT1-receptors. These contractions were clearly modified by changes in the availability of extra- and possibly intracellular calcium ions. The calcium movements elicited by stimulation of AT1-receptors in a calcium containing solution were inhibited by the three calcium antagonists investigated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 19
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: AT1-receptors ; Angiotensin II ; Dithiothreitol ; Losartan ; Rat portal vein ; Rabbit aorta
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The disulfide-reducing agent dithiothreitol (DTT) has been shown to reduce angiotensin II (Ang II) subtype 1 receptor (AT,) binding sites in various tissues. Its effect on Ang II-induced contractions was studied in the rat portal vein and rabbit aorta. In the isolated rat portal vein, DTT shifted the concentration-response curve for Ang II to the right (DTT 0.5–3 mmol/l) and depressed the maximal response (DTT 1–3 mmol/l). DTT 5 mmol/l almost abolished the effect of Ang II. In the isolated rabbit aorta, the inhibitory effect of DTT was more pronounced and its pattern of effect was different,since DTT 0.3 and 0.5 mmol/l caused a progressive flattening of the concentration-response curve of Ang II. DTT (1 mmol/l) fully suppressed the effect of Ang II. A biphasic curve consisting of a high sensitivity component and a component of low sensitivity for Ang II was observed after pretreatment with DTT 1 mmol/l in the rat portal vein but not in the rabbit aorta. In the presence of DTT 1 mmol/l, the AT1-receptor antagonist losartan antagonized the high sensitivity response to Ang II in a competitive manner with a pA2 value very similar to that obtained in the absence of DTT, suggesting that this response to Ang II is mediated by those AT1-receptors which were not inactivated by DTT The biphasic curve may be explained by the occurrence of a single AT1-receptor subtype existing in two different states. Another possibility might be the involvement of two AT1-receptor subpopulations. It is concluded that disulfide bonds are critical for the functional role of AT1-receptors in Ang II-induced contractions in the rat portal vein and rabbit aorta.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Marine biology 119 (1994), S. 597-603 
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In order to acquire more in-depth information on the site(s) of hemopoiesis in marine animals, we successfully cultured pharyngeal explants of the tunicate Styela clava over a period of 82 d. Transmission electron microscopy of resident hemocytes within explants revealed changes in hemocyte composition. Hemoblast-like cells increased shortly after commencement of the cultures (8.1% at Day 0 increasing to a maximum of 28.7% at Day 7). Autoradiography using 3H-thymidine incorporation confirmed that hemocyte proliferation in pharyngeal explants still continued after 37 d culture. During culture, the migration of many free cells into the medium resulted in sparse, residential hemocytes in the pharyngeal explants. Hemocyte migration increased by up to 4.3x105 cells/explant (max.) at 17 to 24 d, but finally decreased to 4.9x104 cells/explant at 75 to 82 d. Vital neutral-red staining revealed that many emerging cells were not hemocytes such as those found in the normal hemolymph. The continued development of in vitro approaches will strengthen analyses of immune-defense responses in tunicates which, as protochordates, are the immediate invertebrate ancestors of vertebrates.
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