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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Manufacture of diffraction grating on tiny parts by means of ultraprecision milling (1999)
    Springer
    Microsystem technologies 5 (1999), S. 157-160 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1858
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Technology
    Notes: Abstract The study deals with the manufacture of diffraction grating by applying the ultraprecision microgrooving technology. Microgrooving is performed by the use of a lathe-type ultraprecision milling machine having 1 nm positioning accuracy, together with a rotating diamond cutter. As an example of microgroove, a diffraction grating with 32 768 V-shaped grooves is fabricated in a pitch of 1 μm and a depth of 0.5 μm around the circumference of copper disk of 12 mm in diameter. The high-speed rotating cutter allows the microgrooves to be sharply machined without burrs and accumulative pitch errors, taking account of cutting order. The surface roughness of machined grooves is 1 nm (Ra), which experimentally shows good optical properties.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s005420050156
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    BAL Surfactant Protein A and Clara Cell 10-kDa Protein Levels in Healthy Subjects (1998)
    Springer
    Lung 176 (1998), S. 257-265 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1750
    Keywords: Key words: Surfactant protein A—Clara cell 10-kDa protein—Bronchoalveolar lavage—Smoking.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Lung surfactant protein A (SP-A) and Clara cell 10-kDa protein (CC10) are the most abundant proteins produced locally in the lower respiratory tract, as assessed in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) analysis. However, it is not known what factors influence SP-A and CC10 levels in BAL fluids, and the relationship between SP-A and CC10 levels in BAL fluids has been unclear. We measured SP-A and CC10 concentrations in BAL fluids from 11 healthy nonsmokers and 12 healthy smokers by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays using specific antibodies. Mean SP-A and CC10 levels in BAL fluids of healthy smokers were significantly lower than those of healthy nonsmokers. SP-A values correlated significantly with CC10 and phospholipid values in BAL fluids. CC10 values tended to correlate with phospholipid values in BAL fluids. On BAL examinations using three 50-ml aliquots, the mean SP-A level in the second lavage was 2.0-fold and 2.4-fold, respectively, of that in the first and third lavages, and the mean CC10 level in the first lavage was 5.0-fold and 5.6-fold, respectively, of that in the second and third lavages. We conclude that BAL fluid SP-A and CC10 levels are influenced by the BAL methods and by cigarette smoking. There is a significant positive correlation between SP-A and CC10 values in BAL fluids of healthy subjects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00007608
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Serum Levels of Clara Cell 10-kDa Protein Are Decreased in Patients with Asthma (1999)
    Springer
    Lung 177 (1999), S. 45-52 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1750
    Keywords: Key words: Clara cell 10-kDa protein—Asthma—Urinary protein 1.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Clara cell 10-kDa protein (CC10), the predominant product from nonciliated cells in the epithelial lining of bronchioles (Clara cells), has been shown to have immunomodulatory and antiinflammatory activity and may play a role in controlling airway inflammation. This study was designed to measure serum CC10 concentrations in healthy and asthmatic nonsmokers. Serum CC10 concentrations in asthmatic nonsmokers were significantly lower than in healthy nonsmokers. Asthmatic patients with a long duration of the disease (≥10 years) had significantly lower serum CC10 levels than those with a short duration of the disease (〈10 years). There was no significant difference in serum CC10 levels in asthmatic patients between the time of the asthmatic attack and the stable condition. Serum CC10 levels may reflect decreased production of CC10 caused by remodeling of the small airways in asthma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00007626
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Extant fauna of ancient carbon (1995)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 374 (1995), S. 123-124 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] SIR - We have found that organisms of the rich, freshwater biological community involving sponges, flatworms and other benthic species near a thermal vent at the bottom of Lake Baikal are built of ancient carbon lacking 14C. The vent occurs at a depth of 420 m in Frolikha ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/374123b0
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of methanol on styrene metabolism among workers occupationally exposed at low concentrations (1995)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 28 (1995), S. 543-546 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A survey was conducted in the second half of a work week on 39 male workers who were occupationally exposed to styrene in combination with methanol and methyl acetate during the production of plastic buttons. Time-weighted average exposure during an 8-h shift to styrene (Sty-A) and methyl acetate was monitored by carbon cloth-equipped personal samplers and to methanol by water-equipped ones. Urine samples were collected near the end of the shift and analyzed for mandelic (MA-U) and phenylglyoxylic acids (PhGA-U) by HPLC. Geometric mean styrene concentration was 12.4 ppm (μg/g) with the maximum of 46 ppm, whereas the values for methanol and methyl acetate in combination were 23.5 ppm and 229 ppm, respectively. The relationship of MA-U and PhGA-U with Sty-A was examined by linear regression analysis. The equations for the regression lines were compared with the results from a previous survey (Ikeda et al. 1983) in which workers were exposed only to styrene, and the methods employed were identical with that in the present study. The comparison showed no evidence to suggest that styrene metabolism is suppressed by coexposure to methanol and methyl acetate at low concentrations below the current occupational exposure limit of 200 ppm.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00211640
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Image processing in the digital tomosynthesis for pulmonary imaging (1995)
    Springer
    European radiology 5 (1995), S. 96-101 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Digital radiography ; Image processing ; Subtraction ; Thorax ; Tomography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Digital tomosynthesis makes it possible to reconstruct multiple tomographs from digital data obtained during a single tomographic motion and permits digital processing, which adds a number of special advantages to the well-known advantages of conventional tomography. We performed digital tomosynthesis with a fluororadiographic TV unit with tomographic function which was capable of producing pulsed low-and high-energy X-rays alternately, and we studied digital image processing to improve the image clarity of the reconstructed tomographs. To identify the optimal parameters for processing image data by means of spatial frequency filtration we evaluated the spatial frequency distribution of image data in linear tomographs of the lung, and on the basis of the results of this study we developed several types of digital image processing to reduce tomographic blur and system noise, to improve visualisation of faint opacities, to reduce resistant tomographic blur as well as overall blur, and to generate low-noise bone images based on dual-energy subtraction tomosynthesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00178089
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diffusive Sampling and Biological Monitoring of 2-Bromopropane (1997)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 33 (1997), S. 23-28 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The possibilities to apply personal ambient air monitoring by diffusive sampling and biological exposure monitoring by urinalysis for 2-bromopropane or its metabolites were explored. The abilities of carbon cloth to adsorb 2-bromopropane was examined by experimental vapor exposure followed by solvent extraction and FID-GC. Urine from factory workers and rats exposed to 2-bromopropane were analyzed for 2-bromopropane, acetone and isopropyl alcohol by FID-GC, and for bromide ion by ECD-GC after chemical methylation. Carbon cloth adsorbed 2-bromopropane in a manner linearly related to exposures up to 1500 mg/m3 and to 8 h. The adsorption could quantitatively detect a 15 min peak exposure at 3,000 mg/m3. In rat experiments, analyses of urine samples collected over a 4-h period after termination of a 4-h exposure to 2-bromopropane at 500, 1,000 or 1,500 mg/m3 showed that acetone and bromide ion were excreted dose-dependently. Essentially, no 2-bromopropane or isopropyl alcohol was detected. When the analytical methods were applied to urine samples from 5 male workers exposed to 2-bromopropane at a low level (3 mg/m3 as a geometric mean), acetone and bromide ion levels were within respective normal ranges in four cases, but were higher than the upper limits of the normal ranges in the fifth case of a foreman who probably had the highest exposure. Thus, diffusive sampling is applicable to monitor exposure to 2-bromopropane. Urinalysis for acetone and bromide ion in combination appears to be a promising selective tool for biological monitoring of occupational exposure to 2-bromopropane.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002449900218
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mechanism of tip-assisted migration and desorption of DNA base molecules on an SrTiO3(100)- 〈 ![IGNORE[$\sqrt{5}$]] × 〈 ![IGNORE[$\sqrt{5}$]] surface (1998)
    Springer
    Applied physics 66 (1998), S. S719 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: PACS: 87.64.Dz; 61.16.Ch; 81.15.Ef
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: 3 (100)- × surfaces with ultrahigh vacuum scanning tunnel ing microscopy (UHV-STM) at room temperature. Adenine molecules migrate over the surface at a negative sample bias voltage and they are desorbed from the surface at a positive sample bias. The tip-assisted migration occurred in the two different modes, which are influenced by a high-intensity electric field and the tip-molecule contact interaction. The tip-assisted desorption was induced in a high-intensity electric field. These modes were based on quantitative measurements of the absolute tip-sample distance and of the electric field between the tip and the surface.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003390051229
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In-gap density of states in hole- and electron-doped CuO2 planes probed by scanning tunneling spectroscopy (1999)
    Springer
    Applied physics 68 (1999), S. 687-690 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: PACS: 73.20.At; 73.40.Gk; 74.70.Vy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. The low-energy electronic structure of a c-axis SrxAyCuO2 (A is alkaline earth cation, x+y≦1, hole- and electron-doped infinite layer) thin film, grown by laser-molecular-beam epitaxy on a SrTiO3 (001) substrate, has been studied using ultrahigh-vacuum scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy. Images have been obtained for co-deposited SrxAyCuO2 thin films, which show the surface consisting of flat terraces separated by steps that are unit cell high. Tunneling spectra of undoped Sr0.3Ca0.7CuO2 indicate a wide band gap of 1.8 eV which is consistent with the charge transfer gap. Hole-doped Sr0.85CuO2 shows in-gap states appearing at both the valence and conduction band edges. In contrast, for the electron-doped Sr0.9La0.1CuO2, in-gap states appear predominantly above the Fermi level, and the spectral shape becomes asymmetric around the Fermi level. When these two systems are compared, barrier-height measurements reveal that there is no apparent shift of the Fermi level measured from the vacuum level. This suggests that the framework of the rigid-band picture might break down implying a strongly correlated electron system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003390050961
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Untersuchung der Mikroheterogenität der Kompositionen von Polyäthylen und Polyoxymethylen mittels der Röntgen-Methode (1980)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 258 (1980), S. 203-203 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01498287
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