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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Estimation of the electrical resistivity in field-reversed configuration plasmas from detailed interferometric measurements (1989)
    New York, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 1 (1989), S. 2422-2429 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Electrical resistivity at the magnetic axis η(R) and at the separatrix η(rs) of a field-reversed configuration (FRC) plasma produced by theta pinch machines are estimated from detailed interferometric measurements, assuming that the temperature is uniform within the separatrix. The ratio f0[=η(R)/η(rs)] increases with the beta value at the separatrix βs, which is consistent with the fact that f0 decreases when xs (separatrix radius normalized by the inner radius of a theta pinch coil) increases [Phys. Fluids 28, 888 (1985)]. This tendency is a natural consequence of the transport properties of the FRC plasma when the particle confinement time is nearly equal to the decay time of the trapped reversed magnetic flux, as is normally the case. Theoretical expectations of the anomaly of η(rs) over the classical resistivity η0 increases and decreases slightly with βs for the case of the lower hybrid drift and the low-frequency drift instability, respectively. On the other hand, the observed η(rs)/η0 decreases substantially with βs. [The value of η(rs)/η0 changes from about 15 to 5 as βs changes from 0.45 to 0.6.]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.859177
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Flux confinement measurements in large field-reversed configuration equilibria (1990)
    New York, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 2 (1990), S. 1706-1708 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The poloidal magnetic flux φ in large field-reversed configuration plasmas is examined experimentally. A wide range of initial equilibrium conditions, with 1≤φ≤8 mWb, is produced by varying the reverse bias magnetic field strength. The flux confinement time τφ at first improves with bias, albeit with field-null resistivities an order of magnitude larger than classical. A further increase in bias results in a reduction of τφ, which is inconsistent with either classical or anomalous diffusion theory. The data suggest the importance of nondiffusive processes such as instabilities or formation dynamics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.859443
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development of a permanent magnet for a high performance undulator : International conference on synchrotron radiation instrumentation (1989)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 60 (1989), S. 1842-1844 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A new permanent magnet material (NEOMAX-35H) has been designed for generating high brightness synchrotron radiation. Measuring methods of the magnets and their assembly process are also discussed. It has been proved that the NEOMAX-35H magnet is a suitable magnetic material for undulators and wigglers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1140918
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reduction of the density profile of a field-reversed configuration plasma from detailed interferometric measurements (1989)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 65 (1989), S. 4625-4631 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: In order to obtain a detailed density profile of a field-reversed configuration (FRC) plasma, fast-response multichannel heterodyne quadrature interferometers are constructed. Using these interferometers and assuming a rigid-body radial shift motion of the plasma, a spatially fine-grained line integrated density (∫ n dl) profile at its axial midplane is measured. A radial density profile n(r) is reduced from spline fitting of ∫ n dl. The n(r) is found to be nearly an even function of u(=r2/R2−1, R is the magnetic axis radius) as expected. The n(r) is also obtained by the fitting of a line integral of a model n(r) consisting of a modified rigid rotor (RR) profile which can describe the density steepening near the separatrix of the FRC plasma. When the plasma is fat (xs =separatrix radius/coil inner radius=0.63), the density profile is very near to the RR profile itself given by sech2 (Ku), where K is a constant. When the plasma is slender (xs =0.43), the modification is somewhat pronounced. In both cases n(r) at r=R is flatter but near to the RR profile, and the scale length of the density gradient at the separatrix is about twice the ion gyroradius. Detailed error analyses of the fitting parameters are done to show the range of allowed profiles. Although the fitting is accomplished very well (root-mean-square excursion of the fitted ∫ n dl from the measured one is from 1.9% to 2.5%), much variation of n(r) is still possible.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.343260
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enantioselective addition of dialkylzincs to aldehydes promoted by chiral amino alcohols. Mechanism and nonlinear effect (1989)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 111 (1989), S. 4028-4036 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja00193a040
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nucleation and growth mechanism of hemispherical grain polycrystalline silicon (1992)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 60 (1992), S. 2607-2609 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The formation of the nucleus [Watanabe et al., Extended Abstracts of the 22nd Conference on Solid State Devices and Materials (1990), p. 873] is performed at low O2 partial pressure during annealing and the density of HSG nuclei increases as the annealing time becomes longer. HSGs grow upward from the amorphous silicon surface, and twin formations are generated in almost all the HSGs. For approximately 50% of whole HSGs, polycrystalline silicon grows downward from the bottom of the HSG. A common heterogeneous material both for the nucleus formation of HSG and for that of polycrystalline silicon growing downward is thought to be formed at the interface between HSG and polycrystalline silicon.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.106923
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pulse modulated electron cyclotron resonance plasma for chemical vapor deposition of diamond films (1995)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 66 (1995), S. 1602-1604 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Pulse operation of electron cyclotron resonance plasma was performed for the fabrication of diamond films by chemical vapor deposition. With square wave amplitude modulation of microwaves at 500 Hz in frequency, the growth rate became twice as large as one of continuous operation with the same microwave power. Time resolved measurement of the optical emission from the pulse modulated plasma was also carried out. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.113865
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Proton MR Spectroscopy in Solvent Abusers (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 801 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1996.tb17466.x
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Proliferative effects of eosinophil lysates on cultured human airway smooth muscle cells (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 32 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background The hypertrophy/hyperplasia of airway smooth muscle (ASM) cells is one of the characteristic features of bronchial asthma. This structural change leads to the thickening of airway walls resulting in the amplification of airway narrowing. However, the pathogenesis of this structural change has not yet been determined. Eosinophils, which play a pathogenic role in asthma, have been demonstrated to have proliferative effects on fibroblasts and vascular smooth muscle cells.Objective We attempted to investigate the potential of eosinophils to induce the proliferation of ASM cells.Methods We examined the effect of lysates of eosinophils purified from peripheral blood of healthy donors on cultured human ASM cell proliferation.Results Eosinophil lysates significantly induced ASM cell proliferation in time- and dose-dependent manners, reaching a maximum on day 6 at 50% of eosinophil lysates (6.0 ± 0.7 × 104[mean ± SD] /well, n = 5 vs. 4.5 ± 1.1 × 104/well, n = 5; P 〈 0.05). This proliferative activity was heat-sensitive and recovered in the soluble fraction of the eosinophil lysates. Furthermore, the molecular weight of the mitogenic activity in the soluble fraction was identified as lower than 10 kDa. The inhibitory activity to ASM cell proliferation was also found in the insoluble fraction of the lysates.Conclusion These results indicate that circulating eosinophils store mitogenic activity for ASM cells, suggesting that eosinophils might contribute to the development of the hyperplasia of ASM cells in asthmatics through the release of the stored mitogenic activity upon stimulation at the site of inflammation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.0954-7894.2002.01243.x
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The involvement of matrix metalloproteinases in basement membrane injury in a murine model of acute allergic airway inflammation (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 32 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background Airway remodelling in asthma such as subepithelial fibrosis is thought to be the repair process that follows the continuing injury as of chronic airway inflammation. However, how acute allergic inflammation causes tissue injury in the epithelial basement membrane in asthmatic airways remains unclear. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) capable of degrading almost all of the extracellular matrix components have been demonstrated to be involved in cell migration through the basement membrane in vivo and in vitro.Objective We investigated the alterations of matrix construction and the role of MMPs in matrix degradation in the subepithelium during acute allergic airway inflammation.Methods Airway inflammation, the ultrastructure of the subepithelium and injury of types III and IV collagen in tracheal tissues from ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized mice after OVA inhalation with or without the administration of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP-2) and dexamethasone were evaluated by cell counting in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluids, electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry, respectively.Results The disruption of the lamina densa and matrix construction and the decrease of the immunoreactivity for type IV collagen in subepithelium were observed in association with the accumulation of inflammatory cells in airways 3 days after OVA inhalation. This disorganization of the matrix components in the subepithelium, as well the cellular accumulation, was abolished by the administration of TIMP-2 and dexamethasone. The immunoreactivity for type IV collagen in the subepithelium in OVA-inhaled mice returned to the level of that in saline-inhaled mice 10 days after inhalation in association with a decrease of the cell numbers in the BAL fluid. The immunoreactivity for type III collagen was changed neither 3 nor 10 days after OVA inhalation.Conclusion These results suggest that epithelial basement membrane gets injured by, at least in part, MMPs as a consequence of cell transmigration through the membrane during acute allergic airway inflammation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2745.2002.01491.x
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