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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neural mechanisms governing distribution of cardiac output in an isopod crustacean, Bathynomus doederleini: reflexes controlling the cardioarterial valves (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 176 (1995), S. 479-489 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Keywords: Cardioarterial valve ; Valve dilator nerve ; Haemolymph distribution ; Mechanoproprioceptor ; Mechanosensory reflexes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In Bathynomus doederleini all of the cardioarterial valves located at the origin of the lateral arteries are dilated by impulses of lateral cardiac nerves. Tactile stimuli applied to sensillar setae depress impulse activities of the 1st and 5th lateral cardiac nerves. The 1st lateral cardiac nerve controls the valve of the lateral artery which runs to the walking-legs and viscera. The 5th lateral cardiac nerve controls the valve of the lateral artery which runs to the swimmeret muscles. The response indicates that tactile receptor reflexes bring about decreased haemolymph flow to the organs. Augmented swimmeret movements were always accompanied by an increased firing rate in the 5th lateral cardiac nerve. Artificial full protraction of swimmerets simultaneously induced excitation of the 5th lateral cardiac nerve and inhibition of the 1st lateral cardiac nerve. The excitation corresponds to an increase in haemolymph flow to the swimmerets, and the inhibition a decrease in haemolymph flow to walking-legs and viscera. Three kinds of mechanoproprioceptors which were activated by swimmeret movements were found. Two of the mechanoproprioceptors are located at the base of the basipodite. The other mechanoproprioceptor supplies processes to a nerve to the retractor muscles. Activation of three kinds of mechanoproprioceptors, induced by artificial swimmeret protraction, triggered lateral cardiac nerve reflex responses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00196414
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis on reassortment of rotavirus NSP1 genes lacking coding region for cysteine-rich zinc finger motif (1999)
    Springer
    Archives of virology 144 (1999), S. 345-353 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary.  Rotavirus clones A5–10 and A5–16 isolated from a bovine rotavirus strain A5 possess NSP1 gene which has a point mutation generating a nonsense codon and a 500 base-deletion, respectively. As a result, the two A5 clones encode truncated NSP1 product which lacks cysteine-rich region forming zinc finger motif. In order to analyze reassortment of these mutated NSP1 gene with RNA segments from heterologous strains, we investigated a number of reassortant clones derived from coinfection with either A5–10, A5–16 or a reference strain A5–13 (possessing intact NSP1 gene) and either simian rotavirus SA11 or human rotavirus KU. In coinfection with SA11 and A5–13, selection rates of A5–13 segments in reassortants ranged approximately from 20 to 70% (46% for NSP1 gene). In contrast, in the reassortment between SA11 and A5–10 or between SA11 and A5–16, selection rates of NSP1 gene from A5–10 and A5–16 were only 1% (one clone) and 0%, respectively. In reassortants from crosses KU × A5-clones, selection rate of A5–13 NSP1 gene decreased to 15%, while 11 reassortants with A5–10 NSP1 gene (31%) and one reassortant with A5–16 NSP1 gene (2%) were isolated. Reassortants with A5–10 NSP1 possessed a single gene (segment 9 or 11) from KU in the genetic background of A5–10. One reassortant clone (cl-55) with A5–16 NSP1 gene possessed KU gene segments 3, 4, and 8–11. When single-step growth curves were compared, the reassortant cl-55 showed almost identical growth curve to that of KU, while KU showed a better replication than A5–16. These results indicated that although A5–10 or A5–16 NSP1 gene encoding the truncated NSP1 is selected into reassortants much less efficiently than normal NSP1 gene, the reassortants with the mutated NSP1 gene and RNA segments from heterologous strains normally replicated in cultured cells. Thus, cysteine-rich region of NSP1 was not considered essential for genome segment reassortment with heterologous virus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s007050050508
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Factors influencing the development of Moyamoya Phenomenon (1981)
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 59 (1981), S. 79-86 
    Details
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Moyamoya phenomenon ; carotide artery occlusion ; intracranial vasospasm ; subarachnoid haemorrhage ; ruptured intracranial aneurysm
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Both the Moyamoya Phenomenon and occlusion of the internal carotid fork are essential radiological findings in true Moyamoya Disease of unknown aetiology. However, the Moyamoya Phenomenon is often observed in occlusive diseases of the internal carotid bifurcation of known aetiology. The authors recently observed acute development of the unilateral Moyamoya Phenomenon following severe vasospasm of the anterior and middle cerebral arteries due to rupture of an anterior communicating aneurysm. The following four factors have been suspected of contributing to development of the Moyamoya Phenomenon: 1. The chronology of arterial occlusion. 2. Extent and location of occlusion. 3. The cause of occlusion. 4. Anatomical and functional disposition of the basal circulation. As regards the chronology, chronic or slowly progressive arterial stenosis has been thought to be a mandatory factor in development of a Moyamoya network, which plays an important role in the form of collateral channels. However, based on the findings outlined in this paper, the congenital factor may be the most important of the four factors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01411194
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dural haemangioma with extracranial component (1977)
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 36 (1977), S. 111-115 
    Details
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A rare case of dural haemangioma with extracranial component is described. A subcutaneous frontal tumour was thought before operation to have originated in the skull. Angiography showed drainage into the superior sagittal sinus via a cortical vein. Dural haemangioma is thought to be a clinical rarity. Also, an arteriovenous malformation draining into the superior sagittal sinus is rarely encountered.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01405992
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation of brain tumour laser surgery (1980)
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 53 (1980), S. 141-149 
    Details
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Laser surgery ; brain tumours ; operative technique
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A surgical carbon dioxide laser unit (laser) has been used since 1977 in twentyfive cases of various brain tumours, including ten meningiomas (four sphenoid ridge, two parasagittal, two falx, one olfactory, one posterior fossa), eleven gliomas (seven glioblastoma, four astrocytoma), two metastatic brain tumours, one haemangioblastoma, and one arteriovenous malformation (AVM). The criteria for laser use, as based on evaluation and location of meningioma, were: grade 1, convenient but adjuvant; grade 2, also necessary; grade 3, indispensable. The laser is obligatory in sphenoid ridge meningioma in order to peel the tumour away from the internal carotid artery, middle cerebral artery, cavernous sinus etc. The grade of necessity for laser use is therefore either 2 or 3. In convexity or parasagittal meningioma, on the other hand, the necessity grade is either 1 or 2. In the glioma group hemorrhage in seven cases of glioblastoma was easily laser-controlled, and the tumours were wasted away in a short time through vaporization, with minimum mechanical effect on adjacent tissue. The laser is therefore very useful in cases of glioma, especially glioblastoma, considering the shortened operating time, decreased blood loss, and extended area of tumour resection. Laser surgery is proposed as being most appropriate, mainly for its vaporizing and coagulating functions, in cases of brain tumour involving the elderly and poor risk cases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02074786
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In vitro analysis of lymphocyte functions in common variable immunodeficiency: heterogeneity in B-cell defects (1986)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 145 (1986), S. 252-257 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Common variable immunodeficiency ; T, B co-culture ; B-cell defect
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Ten patients with common variable immunodeficiency were classified into three groups according to the number of circulating B-cells, i.e. B-cells being absent (three patients), very low (three patients) or within the normal range (four patients). The four patients in the last group showed significant proliferative responses to the T-independent B-cell mitogen, formalin-fixed Staphylococcus aureus, Cowan I. Further study of these patients by co-cultures with allogeneic T or B-cells in various combinations with pokeweed mitogen showed that two patients had an intrinsic B-cell defect without T-cell defect. The third patient had a T-cell dysfunction (i.e. his T-cell could only help the B-cells of some individuals) resulting in a defect in Ig production. The T-cells of the fourth patient showed poor helper function towards all controls. All six patients with absent or very low numbers of B-cells in group I and II had normal T-cell helper function. This study demonstrates that the immunological defect in common variable immunodeficiency is most often a B-cell defect at different stages of their differentiation with sometimes an additional T-cell dysfunction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00439395
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Detection of anti-bovine β2-glycoprotein I antibody in sera from patients with antiphospholipid syndrome (1995)
    Springer
    Rheumatology international 15 (1995), S. 1-8 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-160X
    Keywords: Anti-β2-glycoprotein I antibody ; Anticardiolipin antibody ; Antiphospholipid syndrome
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We studied and characterized anti-bovine β2 I antibodies (aBβ2-GPI) in sera from patients with antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) by ELISA. Bovine β2-glycoprotein I β2-GPI was purified by heparin affinity and DEAE ion-exchange chromatography, and identified on immunoblots using a monoclonal antibody against human β2-GPI and by amino acid sequence analysis. aBβ2-GPI levels in the sera from 36 APS patients were measured by ELISA using purified bovine β2-GPI as an antigen. The mean±standard deviation level of aBβ2-GPI was 17.4±22.0 units in the 58% of APS patients who were positive. There was a significant correlation (P=0.003) between aBβ2-GPI and anticardiolipin antibody (aCL) levels. aBβ2-GPI from the sera of patients with APS was inhibited by bovine β2-GPI itself. Purified IgG from the sera of patients with APS showed that bovine β2-GPI was capable of acting as a cofactor for aCL. Purified bovine β2-GPI was useful antigen for conventional ELISA. aBβ2-GPI may contribute to the further development of aCL analysis and to the understanding of the pathogenesis of APS.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00286762
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The role of Ia positive T cells in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (1986)
    Springer
    Rheumatology international 6 (1986), S. 1-5 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-160X
    Keywords: Rheumatoid arthritis ; IgM-rheumatoid factor ; Ia+ T cells ; Pokeweed mitogen ; Helper T cells
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In peripheral blood and synovial fluid of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), increased levels of Ia antigen-positive (Ia+) T cells have been demonstrated. Therefore, we examined these Ia+ T cells in vitro to identify their role in the production of rheumatoid factor (RF) and to study the immunologic abnormalities of RA. When Ia+ T cells from peripheral blood of RA patients were added to pokeweed mitogen (PWM)-non-stimulated autologous B cells, the amount of IgM-RF production was 25.8±6.4 (mean±SE) (p〈0.001) as compared to 16.0±4.6 ng/ml (mean±SE) in the presence of Ia− T cells. When Ia− OKT4+ cell fractions, obtained by excluding Ia+ T cells from OKT4+ cells, were added to B cells, the increase in IgM-RF production was markedly lower than that obtained with the OKT4+ cell fraction. These results indicate that the helper T cells which induce the production of IgM-RF may derive from the Ia+ OKT4+ cell fraction. B cells from rheumatoid synovial fluid produced IgM-RF levels as high as 102.7±19.2 ng/ml (mean±SE) even without stimulation. When T cells from autologous synovial fluid were added, IgM-RF production was not increased. These data suggest that B cells from RA synovial fluid had already been activated. When synovial fluid T cells were added to B cells from autologous peripheral blood, larger amounts of IgM-RF were produced as compared to experiments in which T cells from peripheral blood were added, suggesting that T cells from synovial fluid induce an enhanced IgM-RF production by B cells. The presence or absence of Ia antigen on the surface of synovial fluid T cells did not affect the level of IgM-RF production. Our results indicate that Ia+ T cells from the peripheral blood of RA patients induce the production of IgM-RF by autologous B cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00270657
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Clinical breakpoints in pulmonary infections and sepsis: new antimicrobial agents and supplemental information for some agents already released (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of infection and chemotherapy 5 (1999), S. 223-226 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-7780
    Keywords: Key words Clinical breakpoint ; Antibiotics ; Pulmonary infections ; Sepsis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s101560050041
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Functional analysis of the heterologous NSP1 genes in the genetic background of simian rotavirus SA11& (1999)
    Springer
    Archives of virology 144 (1999), S. 1439-1449 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary.  Function of rotavirus NSP1 was analyzed by using single-NSP1 gene-substitution reassortants, SKF, SDF, and SNF which have the NSP1 gene derived from human rotaviruses KU, DS-1, and canine rotavirus K9, respectively, in the genetic background of simian rotavirus SA11. The NSP1 genes from KU, DS-1, K9, and SA11 exhibited 58–76% nucleotide sequence identity to one another. No substantial difference in viral growth was observed among the reassortants and SA11. However, production of NSP1 was not detected in SNF when viral proteins were labelled with 35S-methionine during replication in MA104 cells, in contrast to SA11, SKF and SDF which exhibited evident expression of NSP1. Difference in reassortant formation was examined among the reassortant clones generated between human rotavirus strain 69M and either of SA11, SKF or SNF. Although reassortant formation rate was significantly lower in the cross 69M × SNF than the other crosses, selection rates of RNA segments from parent strain 69M in the resultant reassortants was similar among the crosses. Selectivity of homolog- ous and heterologous NSP1 genes in SA11 background was also analyzed by mixed infection and multiple passages among the single-NSP1 gene-reassortants and/or SA11. KU NSP1 gene was selected most frequently, whereas homologous (SA11) NSP1 gene was least efficiently segregated. These results indicated that viral growth and genome segment reassortment with other viruses may not be influenced by the presence of heterologous NSP1 and its expression level, while genomic diversity of NSP1 genes might have been associated with the relative adaptability to the genetic background of SA11.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s007050050600
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