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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modification of metal/GaN contacts with GaAs interlayers (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 85 (1999), S. 6539-6541 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have investigated feasibility of GaAs interlayers for the metal/GaN interface with synchrotron-radiation photoelectron spectroscopy. We have found that the use of piranha/HCl solutions is effective as a surface cleaning technique for GaN. We have confirmed that (111) GaAs grows epitaxially on a (0001) GaN substrate. Pd/GaAs/GaN sandwich structures have been successfully fabricated with molecular beam epitaxy. We have confirmed the GaAs interlayer modifies the band diagram at the metal/GaN interface. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.370158
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evolution of point defect clusters in pure iron under low-energy He+ irradiation (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 89 (2001), S. 4752-4757 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The formation process of point defect clusters in high-purity (99.999%) iron as a typical bcc metal under the irradiation with low-energy (5 keV)He+ is studied by in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Using conventional TEM techniques, clusters induced by the irradiation are determined to be interstitial-type dislocation loops (I loops) at temperatures ranging from 85 to 770 K and cavities from 300 to 770 K. Most of the I loops are determined to lie on {100} planes, and their Burgers vector are determined to be a[100]. The temporal variation in the volume density of I loops is measured by stereomicroscopy at several temperatures. The volume density of I loops is about two orders of magnitude higher in comparison with the case of high-energy electron irradiation at the same dpa rate; hence, it is deduced that helium atoms have an effect enhancing the nucleation of I loops. The depth distribution of the loop densities becomes broad above around 235 K at which vacancies become thermally mobile, and the dependence of loop formation on He+ beam flux is weak. From these results, it is suggested that helium-vacancy complexes act as trapping sites of self-interstitial atoms and I-loop nucleation is enhanced. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1357785
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Early-time behavior of spectral emissions from the interaction of intense relativistic electron beams with initially neutral gases (1988)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 63 (1988), S. 4392-4396 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Visible-UV spectral emissions from electron beam (700 kV, 12 kA, 50 ns) generated neon plasmas have been investigated over a wide pressure range (0.1–100 Torr) with and without axial magnetic guide field. The Ne I–III line emissions were viewed perpendicular to the beam propagation; attention was focused on a time delay of the onset of the emission with respect to the beam front arrival in the field of view, and on correlations of the subsequent intensity evolution with that of the beam and net (beam plus plasma) currents. The observations are interpreted as direct confirmation of the major processes for gas ionization and excitation that occur depending on the gas pressure and magnetic guide field.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.340182
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Generation of pure ion beams by field ionization of laser-excited Rydberg atoms (1988)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 64 (1988), S. 1619-1624 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Sodium atoms (108–1011 cm−3) effused from an oven were stepwise excited from their ground state to a Rydberg state ns or nd (20≤n≤26) by two pulsed dye lasers (∼5–10 ns, ∼100 μJ, ∼1.6-mm-diam spot). The laser energy density necessary to saturate the excitation processes from the ground state to the Rydberg state is ∼ several mJ/cm2. About 50 ns after the laser irradiation, a pulsed electric field (0.5–5.5 kV/cm) was applied to the Rydberg atoms to ionize them and accelerate the resulting ions. Thus, a pulsed sodium ion beam of purity 〉99.99% was obtained with a maximum total electric charge of ∼5 pC and a pulse width of ∼120 ns full width at half maximum. The total electric charge of the ion beam is estimated including the effect of space-charge field of the beam ions, and is in good agreement with the experimental values.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.341809
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of carrier-trapping phenomena in ultrathin chemical oxides using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy time-dependent measurements (1999)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 74 (1999), S. 2011-2013 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We report a technique to characterize carrier-trapping phenomena in SiO2 by measuring the Si 2p core-level energy of Si substrates covered with thin SiO2 layers as a function of x-ray irradiation time. It is found that the Si 2p peak energy, which corresponds to the band bending at the SiO2/Si interface, changes as the x-ray irradiation time increases. We attribute this to carrier-trapping phenomena in SiO2. By using this technique, it is found that the carrier-trapping phenomena differ remarkably among several chemical oxides. We also discuss the atomic structure of the traps that cause the trapping phenomena. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.123730
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    EFFECT OF ELECTRICAL STIMULATION ON CARCASSES FROM STRESSED AND UNSTRESSED STEERS (1983)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food quality 6 (1983), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-4557
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Twelve steers of known breeding and management history were assigned to two antemortem treatment groups (stress or no stress). After evisceration and splitting, sides in each group were randomly assigned to two electrical stimulation treatments (no stimulation or stimulated intermittently with one amp current for 2 min). ES did not affect any of the carcass characteristics in the stressed group except lean and overall maturity. Although ES did not affect lean color in stressed carcasses, they were darker in color than unstressed carcasses. The unstressed stimulated carcasses were more tender and contained less panel detectable connective tissue than the unstressed-unstimulated carcasses. ES did not improve tenderness of stressed carcasses. Thus, it appears that ES will be effective only on carcasses that have not severely depleted their stores of muscle glycogen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4557.1983.tb00758.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anaesthetic management of 27 cases of boron neutron capture therapy for glioblastoma (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Anaesthesia 56 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Twenty-seven patients received boron neutron capture therapy during craniotomy at our research reactor from 1991 to 1999. This is a form of intra-operative radiation therapy, which uses neutrons from a nuclear reactor. There are three additional major problems to anaesthetists: boron neutron capture therapy must be given beside the nuclear reactor, with no hospital facilities; neutrons cannot be shielded effectively by ordinary protectors; and neutrons are detrimental to metal devices and especially to electrical appliances. Boron neutron capture therapy has been adopted as an effective therapy for glioblastoma/astrocytoma, but special considerations are required for anaesthesia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2044.2001.01912.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    DAMGO Suppresses Both Excitatory and Inhibitory Synaptic Transmission in Supraoptic Neurones of Mouse Hypothalamic Slice Preparations (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of neuroendocrinology 16 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2826
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Opioid effects on synaptic transmission in the mouse supraoptic nucleus (SON) were investigated using whole-cell, patch-clamp techniques. The µ-opioid receptor agonist, [d-Ala2, N-Me-Phe4, Gly5-ol]-enkephalin (DAMGO) decreased the amplitude of both evoked excitatory postsynaptic currents (eEPSCs) and inhibitory postsynaptic currents (eIPSCs), and also decreased the frequency of both miniature EPSCs and IPSCs without effect on the amplitude. The selective µ-opioid receptor antagonist, d-Phe-Cys-Tyr-D-Trp-Orn-Thr-Pen-Thr-NH2, and the nonselective antagonist naloxone, antagonized these inhibitory effects. The application of DAMGO suppressed the amplitude of both the first and second evoked postsynaptic currents with a paired-pulse stimulus protocol, but increased the paired-pulse ratios (second ePSC/first ePSC). DAMGO induced neither inward nor outward currents, and had no significant changes in either glutamate- or GABA-induced currents. When compared with the relatively selective κ- and δ-opioid receptor agonists dynorphin and [D-Pen2, D-Pen5]-enkephalin, DAMGO showed the most potent inhibitory effects on evoked and miniature postsynaptic currents. Taken together, these results imply that DAMGO strongly suppresses the release of glutamate and GABA via µ-opioid receptors in the mouse SON, and support the involvement of presynaptic regulation by opioids in the control of magnocellular neurosecretory neurones.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0953-8194.2004.01151.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Activation of Muscarinic Receptors in Rat Subfornical Organ Neurones (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd
    Journal of neuroendocrinology 15 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2826
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Cholinergic muscarinic inputs to subfornical organ (SFO) neurones in rats were studied using histochemical, molecular–biological and electrophysiological techniques. Neurones in the medial septum and the diagonal band (MS-DBB) were retrogradely labelled by a tracer wheat germ agglutinin-conjugated horseradish peroxidase–colloidal gold complex injected into the SFO. Some in the MS-DBB were double-labelled by choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) antibody. Many ChAT-immunoreactive fibres were observed in the SFO. M3 muscarinic receptor subtype-like immunoreactivity, detected using a polyclonal antiserum, was observed in the SFO. In slice preparations, muscarine induced inward currents in a dose-related manner. The inward currents were suppressed by the relatively M3 muscarinic receptor selective antagonist 4-diphenylacetoxy-N-methylpiredine methiodide. In the whole-cell current mode, muscarine depolarized the membrane with increased frequency of action potentials. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction showed the presence of M2–M5 receptor mRNA in the SFO tissues. These results suggest that the SFO receives cholinergic muscarinic synaptic inputs from the MS-DBB. Acetylcholine postsynaptically activates and depolarizes neurones in the SFO partly through specific muscarinic receptors, including M3 receptor subtypes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2826.2003.01057.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Angiotensin II Induces Inward Currents in Subfornical Organ Neurones of Rats (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd
    Journal of neuroendocrinology 13 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2826
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The action of angiotensin II on subfornical organ (SFO) neurones was studied using whole-cell current and voltage-clamp recordings in rat slice preparations. In the current-clamp mode, membrane depolarization in response to angiotensin II was accompanied by an increased frequency of action potentials and an increased membrane conductance. In the voltage-clamp mode, angiotensin II elicited inward currents in a dose-dependent manner. The net angiotensin II-induced inward currents were voltage-independent, with a mean reversal potential of −29.8 ± 6.2 mV. Amplitudes of the angiotensin II-induced inward currents were decreased during perfusion with a low sodium medium. The angiotensin II-induced inward currents were blocked by the AT1 antagonist losartan, and were partially blocked by the AT2 antagonist PD-123319. Neurones which were sensitive to angiotensin II were found in the peripheral region of the SFO, whereas neurones in the central region were less sensitive to angiotensin II. These results suggest that angiotensin II induces inward currents, with opening of nonselective cation channels through mainly AT1 receptors in a subpopulation of SFO neurones of rats.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2826.2001.00663.x
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