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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Chromatography A 204 (1981), S. 481-490 
    ISSN: 0021-9673
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Tetrahedron Letters 14 (1973), S. 5113-5116 
    ISSN: 0040-4039
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 50 (1972), S. 226-233 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Mycoplasma ; Cell Cultures ; Mycoplasma ; Zellkulturen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Für die Forscher, die die Methodologie der Zellkulturen in bezug auf die Deutung ihrer Ergebnisse benutzen, rufen Mycoplasmen, durch ihre häufige Gegenwart in Zellkulturen viele Probleme hervor. In der übersicht werden besprochen die Wirkungen auf den Zellstoffwechsel, auf Chromosomen, Transformationen in maligne Zellen, Anheftung an und Wechselwirkung mit der Zellmembran, intracelluläre Existenz. Beziehungen von Mycoplasmen und Viren, nachgewiesene Mycoplasmen-Arten in Zellkulturen und Methoden zu ihrer Feststellung.
    Notes: Summary The presence of mycoplasmas in tissue cultures has created many problems for investigators employing cell cultures, especially with respect to the interpretation of the results. It was partly because of these problems encountered in mycoplasma-infected tissue cultures that increased attention was paid to this group of organisms and many unique interactions of these organisms with cell cultures, uncultured living cells and viruses were discovered, which have been reviewed in the present paper.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Mund-, Kiefer- und Gesichtschirurgie 4 (2000), S. 373-376 
    ISSN: 1434-3940
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter ; Dysgnathiechirurgie ; Operationssimulation ; Weichgewebesimulation ; Computersimulation ; Keywords ; Orthognathic surgery ; Preoperative planning ; Soft tissue simulation ; Computer-aided simulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Background In addition to standard X-rays, photographic documentation, cephalometric and model analysis, a computer-aided, three-dimensional (3D) simulation system has been developed in close cooperation with the Institute of Communications of the Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg. With this simulation system a photorealistic prediction of the expected soft tissue changes can be made. Prerequisites are a 3D reconstruction of the facial skeleton and a 3D laser scan of the face. After data reduction, the two data sets can be matched. Cutting planes enable the transposition of bony segments. The laser scan of the facial surface is combined with the underlying bone via a five-layered soft tissue model to convert bone movements on the soft tissue cover realistically. Conclusion Further research is necessary to replace the virtual subcutaneous soft tissue model by correct, topographic tissue anatomy.
    Notes: Hintergrund Im Rahmen eines Sonderforschungsbereichs der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft (SFB 603) wurde in Zusammenarbeit mit dem Lehrstuhl für Nachrichtentechnik der Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg ein computergestütztes Simulationssystem zur dreidimensionalen, fotorealistischen Vorhersage von Weichgewebeveränderungen nach orthognathen Eingriffen entwickelt. Voraussetzung sind 3D-CT-Datensätze des Gesichtsschädels sowie eine ebenfalls dreidimensionale Laserabtastung der Gesichtsoberfläche. Beide Datensätze können nach Datenreduktion über ein mathematisches Verfahren so miteinander verknüpft werden, dass mit Hilfe so genannter “cutting planes” Verlagerungen von Knochensegmenten auf das bedeckende Weichgewebe realitätsnah übertragen werden können. Schlussfolgerung Es bedarf weiterer Forschungsanstrengungen, um auch die subkutanen Weichgewebelagen so in das Simulationsmodell zu integrieren, dass noch bestehende Abweichungen korrigiert werden können.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0340-1855
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Präzision ; Variationskoeffizient ; DEXA ; Osteoporose ; Polyarthritis ; Key words Precision ; coefficient of variation ; DEXA ; osteoporosis ; rheumatoid arthritis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Precision of osteodensitometric measurements using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) depends on various known factors, such as positioning, aortic calcification or vertebral fractures. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of various diseases or bone density on the reproducibility of measurements in the lumbar spine and the proximal femur.  Measurements in the LWS p.a., LWS lat. and at Ward‘s triangle were made in a total of 100 patients. The subjects were repositioned between measurements. In order to be able to determine the influence of various diseases, four groups of 25 patients each were formed: three with the diagnosis osteoarthrosis, osteoporosis and rheumatoid arthritis and one control group. The mean percentual difference and coefficient of variation were calculated as the measure for reproducibility.  Mean percentual differences of 0.18 to 2.6% were found in the four groups at the three measurements sites. After calculation of coefficient of variation, a value between 1.2 and 2.7% was found for LWS p.a., between 7.1 and 15.7% for LWS lat. and between 4.1 and 9.9% at Ward‘s triangle. It was also conspicuous that the difference in coefficient of variation in osteoporosis patients was nearly double that in the control group in all measured areas. Conclusion: Lateral lumbar spinal measurements using DEXA cannot presently be recommended. LWS p.a. measurements and, with limitations, measurements at Ward‘s triangle have good precision and could be used for course documentation of bone density.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Präzision osteodensitometrischer Messungen mit der dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) hängt von verschiedenen bekannten Faktoren, wie Lagerung, Aortenverkalkung oder Wirbelkörperfrakturen ab. Ziel der Untersuchung war, den Einfluß verschiedener Erkrankungen bzw. der Knochendichte auf die Reproduzierbarkeit der Messungen an der Lendenwirbelsäule und am Femur zu überprüfen.  Insgesamt wurden 100 Patienten an der LWS p.a., LWS lat. und am Ward‘schen Dreieck doppelt gemessen, wobei zwischen den Messungen neu positioniert wurde. Um den Einfluß unterschiedlicher Erkrankungen festzustellen zu können, wurden zusätzlich 4 Gruppen à 25 Patienten mit den Diagnosen: Arthrose, Osteoporose und chronische Polyarthritis im Vergleich zur Kontrollgruppe gebildet. Als Maß für die Reproduzierbarkeit wurde jeweils die mittlere prozentuale Differenz und der Variationskoeffizient der beiden Messungen berechnet.  In den vier Gruppen ergaben sich an den drei Meßorten mittlere prozentuale Differenzen von 0,18 bis 2,6%. Nach Berechnung der Variationskoeffizienten fand sich für die LWS p.a. ein Wert zwischen 1,2 und 2,7% für die LWS lat. zwischen 7,1 und 15,7% und am Ward‘schen Dreieck zwischen 4,1 und 9,9%. Auffällig war zudem ein nahezu doppelt so hoher Variationskoeffizient der Patienten mit Osteoporose im Vergleich zur Kontrollgruppe an allen gemessenen Regionen. Ergebnis: Die laterale LWS-Messung beim DEXA-Verfahren ist derzeit nicht zu empfehlen. Die LWS p.a.-Messung und mit Einschränkung auch die Messung am Ward‘schen Dreieck können bei guter Präzision zur Verlaufsdokumentation der Knochendichte herangezogen werden.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Diabetologia 34 (1991), S. 786-789 
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Fibronectin ; diabetes mellitus ; isolated glomeruli
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The obese Zucker rat is a classic model of non-immune mediated spontaneous focal glomerulosclerosis. An important initiating hallmark of glomerulosclerosis in this model is mesangial matrix expansion. Fibronectin, a highly biologically active glycoprotein, is a normal constituent of mesangial extracellular matrix. Using a quantitative method based on enzyme immunoassay we assessed the intraglomerular fibronectin content and its degradation in obese Zucker rats and their lean littermates. In the obese Zucker rats the glomerular fibronectin content was significantly higher in comparison to the controls (88±6 vs 48±4 ng/103 glomeruli). Furthermore, proteinase activity against fibronectin was significantly reduced in the glomeruli of obese Zucker rats when compared to control animals (at pH 5.4: 186±6 U/mg protein vs 286±14 U/mg protein, at pH 7.4: 152±12 U/mg protein vs 193±12 U/mg protein). These data demonstrate that in obese Zucker rats there is a glomerular accumulation of fibronectin which we propose is at least partly due to diminished proteolytic digestion. Whether accumulation of intraglomerular fibronectin contributes to progressive glomerulosclerosis remains a matter of debate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Diabetologia 37 (1994), S. 567-571 
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Key words IDDM, streptozotocin, tubules, glomeruli, collagenase, gelatinase, cathepsins, hypertrophy.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary IDDM is associated with an increase in kidney size, which is due to cellular hypertrophy and progressive matrix accumulation within the glomerulus and throughout the tubulointerstitium. The present study addressed the potential role of cysteine and metalloproteinases in renal hypertrophy of short-term diabetes. Three weeks after induction of streptozotocin diabetes in rats, intraglomerular gelatinase activity (streptozotocin: 23±4 vs control: 44±3 mU/µg DNA) and cathepsin L+B activity (streptozotocin: 6.7±0.8 vs control: 9.3±0.7 U/µg DNA) were significantly decreased. Insulin treatment completely prevented the decline in glomerular proteinase activity (gelatinase: 37±6 mU/µg DNA; cathepsin L+B: 9.6±0.9 U/µg DNA). In isolated proximal tubules a similar pattern of enzyme activity could be observed. Three weeks of diabetes caused a significant decline in cathepsin L+B activity (streptozotocin: 28±2 vs control: 37±3 U/µg DNA). Insulin treatment again prevented the decline in these tubular proteinase activities. In parallel, kidney weight increased by 22 % and glomerular protein/DNA ratio rose by 17 % in untreated diabetic rats. Diabetic rats receiving insulin displayed a normal glomerular protein/DNA ratio and the kidney weight was increased by only 5 %. These results show that renal hypertrophy of early diabetes is closely associated with a decline in both glomerular and tubular proteinase activity. Adequate insulin substitution prevented renal hypertrophy and the reduction in proteinase activity. [Diabetologia (1994) 37: 567–571]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Diabetologia 37 (1994), S. 567-571 
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: IDDM ; streptozotocin ; tubules ; glomeruli ; collagenase ; gelatinase ; cathepsins ; hypertrophy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary IDDM is associated with an increase in kidney size, which is due to cellular hypertrophy and progressive matrix accumulation within the glomerulus and throughout the tubulointerstitium. The present study addressed the potential role of cysteine and metalloproteinases in renal hypertrophy of short-term diabetes. Three weeks after induction of streptozotocin diabetes in rats, intraglomerular gelatinase activity (streptozotocin: 23±4 vs control: 44±3 mU/μg DNA) and cathepsin L + B activity (streptozotocin: 6.7±0.8 vs control: 9.3±0.7 U/μg DNA) were significantly decreased. Insulin treatment completely prevented the decline in glomerular proteinase activity (gelatinase: 37±6 mU/μg DNA; cathepsin L + B: 9.6±0.9 U/μg DNA). In isolated proximal tubules a similar pattern of enzyme activity could be observed. Three weeks of diabetes caused a significant decline in cathepsin L + B activity (streptozotocin: 28±2 vs control: 37±3 U/μg DNA). Insulin treatment again prevented the decline in these tubular proteinase activities. In parallel, kidney weight increased by 22% and glomerular protein/DNA ratio rose by 17% in untreated diabetic rats. Diabetic rats receiving insulin displayed a normal glomerular protein/DNA ratio and the kidney weight was increased by only 5%. These results show that renal hypertrophy of early diabetes is closely associated with a decline in both glomerular and tubular proteinase activity. Adequate insulin substitution prevented renal hypertrophy and the reduction in proteinase activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 0340-1855
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Diclofenac ; in vitro ; Osteoblasten ; stromale Knochenmarkzellen ; Hüftprothektik ; Key words Diclofenac ; in-vitro ; osteoblasts ; bone marrow cells ; hip arthroplasty
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Introduction: Results of animal experiments have demonstrated that the osseous integration of non-cemented prostheses can, at the very least temporarily, be impaired by the application of non-steroidal antiphlogistic agents (such as diclofenac). It is the objective of this study to examine whether there is a direct influence of diclofenac used in usual clinical dosages (3 times 50 mg daily) on bone cells and their progenitor cells which would explain the observed slow integration of the prostheses. Methods: To investigate this, cultivated human in vitro osteoblasts and stromal bone marrow cells were incubated with increasing doses of the medications. Our study focused on the effect of diclofenac application on proliferation and functional metabolism in both cell lines. The measurable maximal plasma concentration 2h after the application of one tablet Voltaren 50® reached 1.6μg/ml. This correlated with diclofenac concentrations between 1 and 10 ml found in our experiments. The detected values were correlated to the control group (0 μg/ml diclofenac). Results: The drug effect upon osteoblasts was higher than on progenitor cells. The proliferation of in vitro stromal bone marrow cells, compared to untreated cells, was found to be decreased. We observed a decrease to 82% at a diclofenac concentration of 1 μg/ml, Osteoblasts exhibited a decrease to 97,5% at the same concentration. The DNA synthesis increased to 118% in stromal bone marrow cells, in osteoblasts to 144%. In contrast, we detected a neglectible decrease to 92% in the collagen synthesis of osteoblasts compared to untreated cells. The synthesis of osteocalcin by osteoblasts increased to 119%. The alkaline phosphatase activity was found to be decreased to 88% in stromal bone marrow cells and increased in osteoblasts to 111%. Conclusion: Temporary inhibiting effects on osseous integration in non-cemented prosthesis by diclofenac could be caused by a disturbance in the anabolic bone metabolism, exhibited by an increase of osteoblastic osteocalcin expression. Osteocalcin as a known negative regulator of the osteoneogenesis is most likely inhibiting the collagen matrix deposition.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Einleitung: Nichtsteroidale Antiphlogistika (NSAR, z.B. Diclofenac) können das knöcherne Einwachsen nicht zementierter Prothesen zumindest vorübergehend beeinträchtigen. Es wird untersucht, ob ein direkter Einfluß von Diclofenac, in üblicher klinischer Dosierung (3×50 mg), bzw. der dadurch maximal erreichbaren Plasmakonzentration auf Knochenzellen und ihre Progenitoren besteht. Methoden: In-vitro kultivierte humane Osteoblasten und stromale Knochenmarkzellen wurden mit steigenden Medikamentendosierungen inkubiert und deren Wirkung auf das Proliferationsverhalten sowie Funktionsstoffwechsel gemessen. Die, durch Einnahme eines Dragees Voltaren 50®(Diclofenac) im Mittel nach 2 Stunden meßbare maximale Plasmakonzentration beträgt 1,6 μg/ml (26). Dies entspricht Diclofenackonzentrationen von etwa 1 μg/ml in unseren Experimenten. Die ermittelten Werte werden auf die Kontrollgruppe (0 μg/ml Diclofenac) bezogen. Ergebnisse: Die Wirkung von Diclofenac auf Osteoblasten ist bei allen Versuchen ausgeprägter als auf Vorläuferzellen. Die Proliferation stromaler Knochenmarkzellen wird bei Diclofenackonzentrationen von 1μg/ml auf 82%, bei Osteoblasten auf 97,5% reduziert. Die DNA-Synthese stromaler Knochenmarkzellen erhöht sich bei 1 μg/ml Diclofenac auf 118%, bei Osteoblasten auf 144%. Die Kollagensynthese der Osteoblasten wird auf 92% gesenkt. Die Osteocalcinsynthese der Osteoblasten steigt auf 119%. Die Aktivität der Alkalischen Phosphatase sinkt bei stromalen Knochenmarkzellen auf 88%, bei Osteoblasten steigt sie auf 111%. Schlußfolgerungen: Die zumindest während der Medikamentengabe verminderte Implantat-Knochen-Haftung könnte in einer Störung des anabolen Knochenstoffwechsels begründet sein, was sich in einer signifikanten Zunahme der spezifischen Osteocalcinexpression zeigt. Osteocalcin inhibiert als Negativ-Regulator der Osteogenese vermutlich die kollagene Matrixablage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1434-3932
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Pneumonektomie ; Dacronpatchinfektion ; Pleuraspätempyem ; Aortenruptur ; Omentumtransposition ; Key words Pneumonectomy ; Dacron patch infection ; Late thoracic empyema ; Aortic rupture ; Omentum transposition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Four years after extensive pneumonectomy on the left side with resection of the aortic wall and patch reconstruction for a T4 carcinoma, 2 years after adjuvant radiation and 10 months after drainage therapy of late intrathoracic empyema, destruction of the infected Dacron patch led to rupture of the aorta descendens. Successful primary emergency reconstruction of the aorta descendens was followed by venetian blind plasty (Heller) and transposition of the omentum majus for omentoplasty of the aortal wall and reduction of the pneumonectomy cavity. The rate of prosthetic infections is between 0.3 and 2.5% and must be taken into consideration even in cases of intrathoracic vascular reconstruction with alloplastic prostheses. After lung resection it is necessary to cover up the prosthetic graft by using autogenous material to obtain prosthetic incorporation into the protective tissue. In intrathoracic infectious complications, extra-anatomic bypass grafting or autogenous vascular graft implantation should be considered. If there is no possibility of carrying out these procedures, first aggressive local debridement of the infected vascular wall and afterwards coverage with alloplastic prosthetics with omentum transposition and thoracoplasty are essential to minimize postoperative infection and obtain solid anchorage in the surrounding tissue.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Vier Jahre nach Pneumonektomie links mit Aortenwandresektion und Patchrekonstruktion aufgrund eines T4-Karzinoms, 2 Jahre nach adjuvanter Radiatio und 10 Monate nach Drainagetherapie eines Spätempyemes kam es zu einer Ruptur der Aorta descendens durch Ausriß des Dacronpatches. Ursächlich wurde eine Patchinfektion nachgewiesen. Nach primärer notfallmäßiger Aortenrekonstruktion wurde sukzessiv zweizeitig eine transdiaphragmale Omentumtransposition sowie eine Heller-Jalousieplastik zur plastischen Deckung der Aortenwand und Sanierung der infizierten Pneumonektomiehöhle vorgenommen. Da bei 0,3–2,5% aller Gefäßrekonstruktionen mit einem Protheseninfekt zu rechnen ist, ist diese Komplikation auch bei der intrathorakalen Implantation von alloplastischen Gefäßprothesen zu berücksichtigen. Nach Lungenresektionen muß die Prothese durch autogenes Material plastisch gedeckt werden, um die Einheilung in einen protektiven Gewebeverband zu ermöglichen. Im Falle septischer intrathorakaler Komplikationen ist ein extraanatomischer Bypass oder ein autogener Gefäßersatz zu diskutieren. Sind beide Varianten nicht möglich, muß nach individuellen Lösungen gesucht werden. Kommt ein autogener Ersatz nicht in Betracht, ist nach aggressivem lokalen Débridement der infizierten Gefäßwand die Deckung der alloplastischen Prothese durch Omentumtransposition und thorakoplastische Verfahren erforderlich, um der erhöhten prothetischen Infektresistenz begegnen zu können, um eine Verankerung der Prothese im umgebenden Gewebe zu ermöglichen und um eine zusätzliche mechanische Stabilität der Gefäßwand zu erreichen.
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