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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of organic chemistry 40 (1975), S. 1351-1353 
    ISSN: 1520-6904
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 6 (1994), S. 397-403 
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Smoke visualization studies have been made on the flow fields of wall bounded vortices generated by puffing air through an orifice. The characteristics of wall bounded vortices produced by three orifices constructed by placing a dividing plate perpendicular to a circular orifice plate have been investigated. The three orifices were a full circular opening, a three-quarter circular opening, and a semicircular opening. It was found that the vorticity concentrated in the wall shear layer of the three-quarter and semicircular orifices was due to the separation of the boundary layer on the dividing plate and its interaction with the arch shaped vortex generated at the perimeter of the orifice. An interesting observation is that the wall bounded vortex from the semicircular orifice moved in a stable manner, whereas, the vortex ring produced by the circular orifice with the dividing plate at the bottom of the orifice was extremely unstable.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 1 (1989), S. 1280-1282 
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A wall vortex was found, which was induced by, and moved together with, a confined vortex pair, near the parallel plates between which the confined vortex pair was traveling. The generation of the wall vortex can be attributed to the boundary layer separation that was caused by the characteristic flow field of the vortex pair itself.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 14 (2002), S. 143-149 
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: For a vortex ring at Re=1600, it was found that two types of azimuthal flow (axial flow) exist inside the vortex tube. The axial flow appears when the amplitude of a wavy deformation of the vortex ring becomes appreciable. The axial flow starts to grow before the wave-breaking and its speed increases gradually. In order to investigate the relation between the deformation of the vortex core and the axial flow, the flow field was examined experimentally using smoke visualization and the smoke wire technique simultaneously. Axial flow velocities are estimated from flow visualization images. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-0843
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary N4-Palmitoyl-1-β-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine (PLAC) was administered PO to 76 patients with acute leukemia, myelodysplastic syndromes (MDSs), and myeloproliferative disorders (MPDs). Of 20 patients with acute myelogenous leukemia, 2 achieved complete remission, and the only patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia achieved partial remission. Remission was reached with PLAC 100–300 mg/day 25–66 days after the start of therapy. Among 22 patients with MDS, 1 patient achieved a good response and 8 achieved partial response. Responses were reached with PLAC 50–200 mg/day 7–153 days (median, 33 days) after the start of therapy. Improvement of polycythemia was observed in all 5 patients with polycythemia vera, and reduction of thrombocytosis was observed in 5 out of 6 patients with essential thrombocythemia and myelofibrosis. An antileukemia effect was noted in 1 of 5 with chronic myelogenous leukemia. Major side effects were gastrointestinal toxicities and myelosupression. In spite of the disadvantages, such as unpredictable absorption and a lower response rate to acute leukemia compared with its parent compound, this antileukemia Ara-C analogue that is administrable PO will be useful in the treatment of MDSs and MPDs, which do not necessarily require admission to hospital, and in the treatment of acute leukemia of the aged, a condition for which intensive chemotherapy is not appropriate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-0843
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Eighty-four previously treated adult patients with acute leukemia and malignant lymphoma were treated with (2″R)-4′-O-tetrahydropyranyladriamycin (THP). THP (10–55 mg/m2) was administered by i.v. bolus injection daily for acute leukemia, and according to three different schedules for malignant lymphoma: daily, weekly or once every 3–4 weeks. Complete and partial remission (CR and PR) were achieved by 1 (5%) and 3 of 19 patients with acute myelogenous leukemia and by 2 (13%) and 3 of 15 patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia, respectively. All CRs were in the groups receiving 25 mg/m2 THP daily. CR and PR were achieved by 6 (14%) and 8 of 42 patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) and by 4 (50%) and 2 of 8 patients with Hodgkin's disease (HD), respectively. No particular sensitivity was found among the subtypes of NHL and HD. Response (CR+PR) was noted in 10 (40%) of 25 patients treated every 3–4 weeks, in 1 (17%) of 6 treated weekly, and in 9 (47%) of 19 treated daily. The major side effects were myelosuppression and gastrointestinal toxicities. Alopecia was observed in only 10 (12%) patients. ECG abnormalities were observed in 7 (10%) patients, all of whom had previously been treated with other anthracyclines. No severe cardiotoxicity was observed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Renal gluconeogenesis ; Chronic metabolic acidosis ; Potassium depletion ; Microdissected nephron segment ; Superficial nephron ; Juxtamedullary nephron ; Nephron heterogeneity ; Substrate specificity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The intra- and inter-nephron heterogeneity of renal gluconeogenesis within rat proximal tubules and the effects of chronic metabolic acidosis and chronic potassium(K)-depletion were studied using isolated proximal tubules of rats by directly measuring glucose synthesized. The gluconeogenic activity from pyruvate and glutamine in control rats was almost limited to within the early proximal tubule (S1: 45.4±5.7 pmol/mm/60 min from pyruvate; 58.0±6.0 from glutamine). Very low, but detectable gluconeogenesis was observed in the middle portion of the proximal tubule (S2:9.9±2.2 from pyruvate; 4.8±1.1 from glutamine). The rate of glucose production in the terminal proximal tubule (S3) was negligible. Furthermore, gluconeogenesis from glutamine of superficial (SF) nephrons was significantly higher than that of juxtamedullary (JM) ones, whereas no difference was seen in gluconeogenesis from pyruvate. In acidotic and K-depleted rats, significant increase could be seen in S1 and S2, but the increase in S3 was not significant. By the serial determination in acidosis, the glucose production from both substrates was found to be the highest at the second 1 mm segment from the glomerulus, and it decreased downward along the proximal tubule. In acidosis, glucose production from both substrates in SF nephrons and that from glutamine in JM ones were elevated significantly compared with the control, but that from pyruvate in JM nephrons did not change. These results suggest that S1 of the SF nephron plays the most important role in gluconeogenesis in the control, whereas S1 of the JM nephron and S2 contribute to gluconeogenesis in acidotic and/or possibly K-depleted rats.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 52 (1960), S. 129-139 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The nerve supply of the axillary sweat glands was investigated electron microscopically in 8 osmidrosis patients. The following results were obtained: 1. The autonomic peripheral nerve fibers are distributed in the layer of collagen fibers outside the basement membranes of the glandular tubes, and they run parallel to the axis of these tubes. Peripheral autonomic nerve fibers were never seen to pass through the basement membrane and to enter the parenchyma. The axons of the nerve fibers probably make contact with the basement membrane of the sweat glands. 2. No nerve fiber was found in the area of excretory ducts. 3. While running in the Schwann cell cytoplasm, the axons of the nerve fibers fit into excavations of the Schwann cells. A row of Schwann cells, which are elongated and arranged non-syneytially, is covered with numerous collagen fibers. They run parallel to the long axis of the Schwann cells. Occasionally a fibrocyte is seen near the collagen fibers, which are surrounding the Schwann cells. 4. The peripheral nerve fibers bordering the basement membrane of the sweat glands are not ensheathed by fibrocytes. Bundles of nerve fibers are enwrapped cylindrically with endoneurium. 5. When leaving the cytoplasm of one Schwann cell and entering that of the next, the axon never gets out of the layer of collagen fibers surrounding the two Schwann cells. 6. Inside the axoplasm of the peripheral nerve fiber around the sweat glands, there are many synaptic vesicles and mitochondria.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1619-7089
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Marked accumulation in lung and liver of intravenously-injected 99mTc-microaggregated human serum albumin (liver imaging agent) was observed in rats pretreated with the subcutaneous injection of microaggregated or macroaggregated human serum albumin, whereas accumulation of 99mTc-microaggregated human serum albumin was observed only in the liver of rats pretreated with plain human serum albumin or in non-treated control rats. The activity of the intravenously-administered 99mTc-sulfur colloid was concentrated in the liver and spleen only and not in the lung, of rats previously treated with human serum albumin, microaggregated human serum albumin, or macroaggregated human serum albumin. These observations suggest that the specific accumulation of microaggregated human serum albumin in the lung of rats pretreated with aggregated albumin is due to rapid in vivo clumping of injected particles, possibly due to antigen-antibody reaction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1573-904X
    Keywords: mepitiostane ; superlipophilicity ; lymph–blood partition ratio ; dynamic partitioning model ; chylomicron
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The partition of mepitiostane, testosterone, and some structurally related compounds between lymph and blood in rat jejunum (lymph–blood partition ratio; LBPR) was determined, and the quantitative relationship between LBPR and lipophilicity was examined. When the ΔR m values (hydrophobic parameter derived from the mobility) relative to testosterone were 〈0.2, their logLBPRs remained approximately constant in the range of −2 to −3. When the ΔR m values of the compounds were 〉0.2, a linear correlation (r = 0.986, n = 8) was observed between these values and the logLBPRs. The LBPR, but not the extent of lymphatic absorption, of lipophilic molecules was determined strictly by the superlipophilicity, and for high partitioning into the lymph (〉50% of the absorbed amount), the ΔR m value had to be 〉0.50 (5.65 as the logP value). The relationship between LBPR and superlipophilicity could be explained on the basis of the theoretical equations derived from absorption kinetics based on a dynamic partitioning model.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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