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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fast ignitor research at the Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University : The 42nd annual meeting of the division of plasma physics of the American Physical Society and the 10th international congress on plasma physics (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 8 (2001), S. 2268-2274 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The physics element relevant to the fast ignitor in inertial confinement fusion has been extensively studied. Laser-hole boring with enormous photon pressures into overcritical densities was experimentally proved by density measurements with XUV laser probing. Ultra-intense laser interactions at a relativistic parameter regime were studied with a 50-TW glass laser system and a 100-TW glass laser system synchronized with a long pulse laser system. In the study of relativistic laser beam propagation in a 100-μm scale-length plasma, a special propagation mode (super-penetration mode) was observed, where the beam propagated into overdense regions close to the solid target surface. At the super-penetration mode, 20% of the laser energy converted to energetic electrons toward the target inside, while the coupling efficiency was 40% without the long scale-length plasmas. The high-density energetic electron transport and heating of solid material was also studied, indicating beamlike propagation of the energetic electrons in the solid target and effective heating of solid density ions with the electrons. Based on these basic experimental results, the heating of imploded plasma by short-pulse-laser light with three different ways of injecting the heating pulse has been studied. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1352598
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies of ultra-intense laser plasma interactions for fast ignition : The 41st annual meeting of the division of plasma physics of the american physical society (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 7 (2000), S. 2014-2022 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Laser plasma interactions in a relativistic parameter regime have been intensively investigated for studying the possibility of fast ignition in inertial confinement fusion (ICF). Using ultra-intense laser systems and particle-in-cell (PIC) simulation codes, relativistic laser light self-focusing, super hot electrons, ions, and neutron production, are studied. The experiments are performed with ultra-intense laser with 50 J energy, 0.5–1 ps pulse at 1053 nm laser wavelength at a laser intensity of 1019 W/cm2. Most of the laser shots are studied under preformed plasma conditions with a 100 μm plasma scale length condition. In the study of laser pulse behavior in the preformed plasmas, a special mode has been observed which penetrated the preformed plasma all the way very close to the original planar target surface. On these shots, super hot electrons have been observed with its energy peak exceeding 1 MeV. The energy transport of the hot electrons has been studied with making use of Kα emissions from a seeded metal layer in planar targets. The details of ion acceleration followed by beam fusion reaction have been studied with neutron spectrometers. Laser ponderomotive force self-focusing and hot electron generation have been applied to a compressed core to see the effect of heating by injecting 12 beams of 100 ps, 1 TW pulses. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.874023
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetotransport properties of MnAs/GaAs/MnAs ferromagnet/semiconductor trilayer heterostructures (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 87 (2000), S. 6695-6697 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have succeeded in growing MnAs/GaAs/MnAs ferromagnet/semiconductor trilayer heterostructures on GaAs(111)B substrates by molecular-beam epitaxy. Double-step features were observed in magnetization characteristics due to the difference in coercive force between the top and bottom MnAs layers. Magnetoresistance (MR) curves in current-in-plane geometry showed the spin-valve effect, which was caused by the change of the magnetic alignment of the two ferromagnetic MnAs layers from parallel to antiparallel orientation. Temperature dependence of the MR was also investigated. We infer that the positive temperature coefficient of the MR by the spin-valve effect suggests the heat (carrier) induced interlayer exchange coupling. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.372811
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Growth of aligned carbon nanotubes by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition: Optimization of growth parameters (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 90 (2001), S. 1529-1533 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Direct-current plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (CVD) with mixtures of acetylene and ammonia was optimized to synthesize aligned carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on Co- or Ni-covered W wires with regard to wire temperature, wire diameter, gas pressure, and sample bias. A phase diagram of CNT growth was established experimentally in this optimization process. It was revealed by transmission electron microscopy that Co-catalyzed CNTs encapsulated a Co carbide nanoparticle at their tip, disagreeing with a previous report that Co particles were located at the base of CNTs CVD grown on Co-covered Si substrates [C. Bower et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 77, 2767 (2000)]. This leads to the conclusion that the formation mechanism of aligned CNTs depends significantly on the catalyst support material as well as the catalyst material itself. Since the sample bias strongly affected the morphology of CNTs, the selective supply of positive ions to CNT tips was possibly responsible for the alignment of growing CNTs. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1382848
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultraviolet B radiation exerts enhancing effects on the production of a complement component, C3, by interferon-γ-stimulated cultured human epidermal keratinocytes, in contrast to photochemotherapy and ultraviolet A radiation that show suppressive effects (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 142 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The present study was designed to investigate by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction methods whether photochemotherapy (PUVA) or ultraviolet (UV) B treatment affects C3 production by interferon (IFN)-γ-stimulated keratinocytes cultured in serum-free medium. The results showed that PUVA and UVA reduced C3 production by IFN-γ-stimulated epidermal keratinocytes dose-dependently, although the effect of PUVA was stronger than that of UVA alone. Interestingly, UVB induced an enhancement of C3 production at doses ranging from 10 to 50 mJ cm−2. This phenomenon was found at both the protein and mRNA levels. In every experiment, changes in C3 mRNA levels preceded those in its protein levels. Reduced C3 production at higher doses of 75 and 100 mJ cm−2 were probably due to cytotoxic effects of UVB. In our experimental system, PUVA, UVA or UVB treatment did not affect C3 production without IFN-γ stimulation. Our results suggest that a reduction in C3 production by PUVA treatment may in part explain the efficacy of PUVA in the treatment of inflammatory dermatoses such as psoriasis, while the results of the UVB experiments may partially explain the proinflammatory nature of UVB.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2000.03410.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Angiosarcoma of the scalp: absence of vascular endothelial cadherin in primary and metastatic lesions (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 144 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A 73-year-old man with angiosarcoma of the scalp died about 1 year after disease onset, despite systemic and topical administration of recombinant interleukin-2. Histopathology showed typical changes of endothelial cells with very sparse lymphocytic infiltration into the tumour. An autopsy revealed that the primary site penetrated cranial bone and invaded vertically into the subarachnoid space. Multiple metastases to lung, chest wall, vertebrae and ribs were also found. On immunofluorescence staining, the expression of vascular endothelial cadherin, which is present in normal endothelium, was absent from both primary and metastatic sites. This may have promoted local invasion and metastasis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2001.04032.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemical vapor deposition diamond window as vacuum and tritium confinement barrier for fusion application (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 71 (2000), S. 4139-4143 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A pressure resistant polycrystalline chemical vapor deposition (CVD) diamond disk for a microwave window is used for a vacuum and a tritium confinement boundary in fusion applications. A pressure test of a CVD diamond window disk (2.25 mm in thickness and 100 mm in diameter) was carried out. It was demonstrated that the diamond window tolerated 1.0 MPa (10 atm) in the plenum. The displacement of the window center for both the growth and the nucleation side on the unpressurized side is 40±1 and 41±1 μm, respectively, at the pressure of 1.0 MPa, and these values agree well with those calculated. No damage in the disk and the braze, and no vacuum leakage in the assembly was observed. This result demonstrates that the diamond window assembly could tolerate up to 1.45 MPa. It was experimentally proved that the diamond window satisfied the safety requirement of 0.5 MPa resistance for the vacuum and the tritium confinement boundary of an International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor. The design prospect for the diamond window of the electron cyclotron heating and current drive system is also discussed, based on the stress analysis using the ABAQUS code. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1313799
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Carbon nanotubes as electron source in an x-ray tube (2001)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 78 (2001), S. 2578-2580 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Field emitters comprised of aligned carbon nanotubes are shown to be promising as a primary electron source in an x-ray tube working in a nonultrahigh vacuum ambience. At a pressure of 2×10−7 Torr, the nanotube emitters continue to emit electrons for more than 1 h, and yield better resolved x-ray images than do thermionic emitters, independently of whether the sample is biological or nonbiological. The near-uniformity in energy distribution of electrons emitted from carbon nanotubes might be related to the improved image quality in the field-emission mode. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1367278
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interface ferromagnetism in oxide superlattices of CaMnO3/CaRuO3 (2001)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 79 (2001), S. 1324-1326 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Oxide superlattices composed of antiferromagnetic insulator layers of CaMnO3 (10 unit cells) and paramagnetic metal layers of CaRuO3 (N unit cells) were fabricated on LaAlO3 substrates by pulsed-laser deposition. All the superlattices show ferromagnetic transitions at an almost identical temperature (TC∼95 K) and negative magnetoresistance below TC. Each magnetization and magnetoconductance of the whole superlattice at 5 K is constant and independent of CaRuO3 layer thickness when normalized by the number of the interfaces between CaMnO3 and CaRuO3. These results indicate that the ferromagnetism shows up only at the interface and is responsible for the magnetoresistance. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1398331
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inactivity of μ-Calpain Throughout Postmortem Aging of Meat (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 67 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: : In order to determine the involvement of μ-calpain in the tenderization of meat during postmortem aging, μ-calpain was prepared from porcine skeletal muscle and its activity was measured under various conditions, using casein and myofibrils as the substrate. μ-Calpain was inactive at pH 5.89 and below 15 °C. Even when the reaction time was extended to 10 h, it was entirely inactive at pH 5.62 and 5 °C. In the early postmortem stage, when the pH value of muscle is above 6.0, μ-calpain was considered to be inactive due to the low concentration of sarcoplasmic calcium ions. μ-Calpain is, therefore, irrelevant to the tenderization of meat throughout postmortem aging.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.2002.tb10651.x
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