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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 70 (1991), S. 5063-5067 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Au islands deposited on Al2O3 films were irradiated with a pulsed laser beam. The result is the formation of depleted zones and chains of aggregates at the edge of the irradiated area. The fractal analysis of these Au cluster chains formed after irradiation gives a dimension of 1.50–1.55 consistent with the process of cluster-cluster aggregation which occurs under diffusion limited conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 70 (1991), S. 2467-2469 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Quantum-well lasers can achieve a low spectral linewidth because of their high differential gain, leading to a lower linewidth enhancement factor α than for bulk lasers. The differential refractive index and the gain of InGaAs separate confinement multi-quantum-well lasers with two different quaternary barrier layers, have been determined from the spontaneous emission spectra below threshold. The measured value of the α factor is about 2.8 up to 3.5 at the gain maximum for both laser structures. The refractive index and the gain spectra are connected via the Kramers–Kronig relation. Therefore, the differential refractive index and the α factor have been deduced from calculated gain spectra with an additional contribution of the intraband transitions of the free carriers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: An overview is given of recent advances toward the realization of high density, high confinement plasmas with radiating mantles in limiter and divertor tokamaks worldwide. Radiatively improved mode discharges on the Torus Experiment for Technology Oriented Research 94 (TEXTOR-94) [Proceedings of the 16th IEEE Symposium on Fusion Engineering, 1995 (Institute for Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Piscataway, NJ, 1995), p. 470] have recently been obtained at trans-Greenwald densities (up to n¯/nGW=1.4) with high confinement mode free of edge localized modes (ELM-free H-mode) confinement quality. Experiments in DIII-D [J. Luxon et al., Proceedings of the 11th IAEA Conference on Plasma Physics and Controlled Nuclear Fusion Research (International Atomic Energy Association, Vienna, 1987), Vol. 1, p. 159] divertor plasmas with a low confinement mode edge have confirmed the dramatic changes in confinement observed with impurity seeding on TEXTOR-94. Recent experiment with impurity seeding on the Joint European Torus [Rebut et al., Fusion Eng. Des. 22, 7 (1993)], and the Japanese Atomic Energy Research Institute Tokamak 60 Upgrade [Horiike et al., Fusion Eng. Des. 16, 285 (1991); Hosogane et al., Proceedings of the 16th IAEA Conference on Plasma Physics and Controlled Nuclear Fusion Research Montreal, 1987 (International Atomic Energy Association, Vienna, 1987), Vol. 3, p. 555] have extended high confinement in ELMy H-mode plasmas to higher densities. Finally, recent progress in the physical understanding of radiating mantle plasmas is summarized. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: An overview of the results obtained so far for the radiative I-mode regime on the upgraded Torus Experiment for Technology Oriented Research (TEXTOR-94) [Proceedings of the 16th IEEE Symposium on Fusion Engineering (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Piscataway, NJ, 1995), Vol. 1, p. 470] is given. This regime is obtained under quasistationary conditions with edge neon seeding in a pumped limiter tokamak with circular cross section. It combines high confinement and high β (up to a normalized beta, βn=2) with low edge q values (down to qa=2.8) and high density even above the Greenwald limit together with dominant edge radiative heat exhaust, and therefore shows promise for the future of fusion research. Bulk and edge properties of these discharges are described, and a detailed account is given of the energy and particle confinement and their scaling. Energy confinement scales linearly with density as for the nonsaturated Ohmic Neo-Alcator scaling, but the usual degradation with total power remains. No deleterious effects of the neon seeding on fusion reactivity and plasma stability have been observed. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 77 (1995), S. 2952-2956 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Single crystals of lithium niobate (LiNbO3) with y-cut orientation were irradiated at GANIL with 5.17 MeV/amu 155Gd ions at a fluence ranging from 1.5×1011 to 6.0×1011 ions cm−2. After irradiation the samples were implanted with europium ions of 70 keV energy at a fixed fluence of 5×1016 ions cm−2. Both irradiations and implantations were performed at room temperature. Thermal treatments in air, in the range 300–1100 °C, were applied to investigate the influence of the preirradiation damage on the thermal evolution of Eu implanted LiNbO3 crystals. Transmission electron microscopy micrographs exhibit the amorphous track formed by high-energy irradiations. Rutherford backscattering spectrometry results show that these amorphous tracks enhance the europium diffusion in depth of the LiNbO3. A diffusion coefficient and an activation energy were estimated to be about 4.2×10−15 cm2 s−1 and 0.42 eV, respectively. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 76 (1994), S. 1184-1186 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We report on nonlinear optical absorption in InGaAs/InGaAsP separate confinement multiple-quantum-well (SCMQW) structures based on charge-carrier induced band bending. Carrier induced localization and related changes in absorption strength due to spatial separation of electrons and holes are utilized to design SCMQW structures with a new type of optical nonlinearity. Experimentally, we observe strong changes in optical absorption with increasing excitation power. Compared to exciton bleaching, the new nonlinearity dominates at low carrier densities.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 55 (1989), S. 917-918 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Ag-sheathed powder-in-tube wires on the basis of the high Tc superconductor YBa2Cu3Ox are produced by a drawing process. After cold working, the wires are not superconducting. By heat treatment at temperatures 〉900 °C, lattice defects are healed and the contact between the grains is improved. After this heat treatment the wires are slowly cooled in an O2 atmosphere in order to adjust the optimum O2 stoichiometry. The annealing temperature has a strong influence on the attainable critical current density. By annealing a wire with 420 ppm carbon content at 950 °C, jc values of 5020 A/cm2 at 4.2 K and 1130 A/cm2 at 77 K were achieved. Drastically reduced critical current densities in wires with high carbon content demonstrate the importance of a low carbon content for achieving high critical current densities in YBa2Cu3Ox .
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 56 (1990), S. 913-915 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We report the determination of Auger recombination coefficients in bulk and quantum well InGaAs by time-resolved luminescence measurements. In bulk InGaAs the coefficient is C=3.2×10−28 cm6/s and has the temperature dependence of the valence-band Auger effect involving the split-off valence band. In 11 nm quantum well InGaAs we find C=0.9×10−28 cm6/s, independent of temperature. The Auger coefficient decreases slightly with decreasing well width.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dordrecht, The Netherlands : Kluwer Academic Publishers
    International journal of cosmetic science 20 (1998), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1468-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The penetration of chemical reagents through human hair after bleaching has been spatially characterized using infrared microspectroscopy (IMS) with a synchrotron source. Chemical imaging of hair cross sections before and after bleaching was achieved with high contrast, using the peptide and lipid mid-infrared vibrational bands which are characteristic of hair. The ability to make images using functional groups as a contrast mechanism can be applied to studies of other chemical groups, if present, in the structure of the hair. As an example we show how the penetration of an organic active reagent in the hair structure can be quantified with a spatial resolution of few microns.These results demonstrate that synchrotron IMS is a powerful tool for characterizing chemical interactions of hair samples with specific cosmetic materials.〈section xml:id="abs1-2"〉〈title type="main"〉RésuméLa pénétration d'une molécule organique à l'intérieur de cheveux décolorés a été spatialement caractérisée par microspectroscopie infrarouge en utilisant une source de rayonnement synchrotron. Les images en contraste chimique de coupes microtomiques transversales de cheveux ont été obtenues avec un excellent contraste, en utilisant les bandes infrarouges des groupements peptides et lipidiques qui sont caractéristiques de sa structure. La possibilité d'obtenir des images en utilisant les différents groupements fonctionnels présents dans les spectres infrarouges permet d'étudier la répartition d'autres molécules chimiques si elles sont présentes en concentration suffisante dans la structure du cheveu. Cette caractéristique a été utilisée ici pour étudier la pénétration d'une molécule organique à travers la structure du cheveu avec une résolution latérale de quelques microns. Ces résultats démontrent la faisabilité de la microspectroscopie infrarouge par rayonnement synchrotron pour étudier spatialement les interactions entre le cheveu et des produits cosmétiques.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 59 (1991), S. 3024-3026 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have determined the differential gain, nonlinear gain factor, spontaneous emission factor, and the K factor for InGaAs separate confinement multiquantum well lasers with InGaAsP and InGaAlAs barriers using a new parasitic-free modulation technique. We find that the nonlinear gain factor ε is more than four times, and the K factor more than two times lower for lasers with InGaAlAs barriers than for those with InGaAsP barriers. This strongly suggests that InGaAs/InGaAlAs lasers are more suitable for high bandwidth applications.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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