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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structure and dynamics of a fluorescent DNA oligomer containing the EcoRI recognition sequence: fluorescence, molecular dynamics, and NMR studies (1989)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Biochemistry 28 (1989), S. 9095-9103 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-4995
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bi00449a021
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of thin film electron emitters by scanning anode field emission microscopy (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 90 (2001), S. 768-780 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Scanning anode field emission microscopy is used to map the electron emission current I(x,y) under constant anode voltage and the electron extraction voltage V(x,y) under constant emission current as a function of tip position on carbon based thin film emitters. The spatially resolved field enhancement factor β(x,y) is derived from V(x,y) maps. It is shown that large variations in the emission site density (ESD) and current density can be explained in terms of the spatial variation of the field enhancement β(x,y). Comparison of β(x,y) and I(x,y) shows that electron emission currents are correlated to the presence of high aspect ratio field enhancing structures. We introduce the concept of field enhancement distribution f(β), which is derived from β(x,y) maps to characterize the field emission properties of thin films. In this context f(β)dβ gives the number of emitters on a unit surface with field enhancement factors in the interval (β,β+dβ). It is shown experimentally for the carbon thin film emitters investigated that f(β) has an exponential dependence with regard to the field enhancement factor β. The field enhancement distribution function f(β) can be said to give a complete characterization of the thin film field emission properties. As a consequence, the emitted current density and ESD can be optimized by tuning f(β) of the emitting thin film. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1379559
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dielectric properties of cement mortar as a function of water content (1992)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 71 (1992), S. 5897-5903 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have studied the dielectric properties of cement mortars, with water/cement ratios between 0.5 and 0.78, in the frequency range 10−3≤f≤107 Hz. The dielectric response can be modeled by an equivalent circuit incorporating electrode polarization and bulk conduction. The bulk dc conductance and the amplitude of a constant phase element describing the dispersive part of the bulk response display characteristic dependencies on the water content of the samples. The power-law exponent of the constant phase element is independent of water content and can be related to the fractal dimension of the pore surfaces.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.350488
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Scanning field emission from patterned carbon nanotube films (2000)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 76 (2000), S. 2071-2073 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The investigation of the field emission (FE) properties of carbon nanotube (CNT) films by a scanning anode FE apparatus, reveals a strong dependence on the density and morphology of the CNT deposit. Large differences between the microscopic and macroscopic current and emission site densities are observed, and explained in terms of a variation of the field enhancement factor β. As a consequence, the emitted current density can be optimized by tuning the density of CNTs. Films with medium densities (on the order of 107 emitters/cm2, according to electrostatic calculations) show the highest emitted current densities. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.126258
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Collective emission degradation behavior of carbon nanotube thin-film electron emitters (2001)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 79 (2001), S. 1036-1038 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The current-induced emission degradation of a carbon nanotube (CNT) thin-film electron emitter is studied under constant emission current for different current levels, using a scanning anode field emission microscope. A permanent emission degradation is observed for emission currents higher than 300 nA per CNT and is associated with resistive heating at the CNT–substrate interface for the sample under investigation. A second field-induced emission degradation mechanism, associated with the removal of CNTs from the substrate, is also reported. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1392982
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    THE EFFECT OF INDUCED HYPOTHERMIA UPON OXYGEN CONSUMPTION IN THE RAT BRAIN (1975)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 24 (1975), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The effect of hypothermia upon cerebral metabolic rate for oxygen (CMRO2) was studied in artificially ventilated rats, anaesthetized with nitrous oxide. Cerebral blood flow was measured with a modification of the Kety and Schmidt technique using 133xenon. CMRO2, was found to decrease linearily with temperature in the temperature range 37°C-22°C. At normal temperatures CMRO2, fell by about 5 per cent per degree C. At a body temperature of 22°C both cerebral blood flow and CMRO2, were reduced to about 25 per cent of normal.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1975.tb11881.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    INFLUENCE OF ANAESTHETICS ON THE BALANCE BETWEEN PRODUCTION AND UTILIZATION OF ENERGY IN THE BRAIN (1974)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 23 (1974), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract— The influence of general anaesthesia upon the metabolic state of the brain was evaluated from the tissue concentrations of ATP, ADP and AMP, and from the concentrations of glycolytic and citric acid cycle intermediates, in immobilized and artificially ventilated rats anaesthetized either with 70% N2O, 1% halothane or 60 mg/kg of pentobarbitone. The results were compared to the results obtained on awake animals in fentanyl-analgesia. The adenylate energy charge was identical in all groups studied and there were no H+-independent changes in the phosphocreatine/creatine ratios. In pentobarbitone anaesthesia there was an accumulation of glucose 6-phosphate and a fall in fructose 1,6-diphosphate, indicating inhibition of phosphofructokinase. No significant changes in these metabolites were observed with halothane or nitrous oxide anaesthesia and the substrate patterns differed from that obtained with pentobarbitone.The blood glucose concentrations were higher in the unanaesthetized, immobilized rats given fentanyl than in those anaesthetized. There was a direct relationship between the glucose concentrations in blood and in tissue. The glucose concentration ratios intracellular water to blood were higher in the anaesthetized than in the unanaesthetized animals, increasing with increasing depth of anaesthesia. The intracellular lactate concentrations were lowest in the groups given pentobarbitone and fentanyl citrate, and there was thus no direct relationship between lactate concentration and depth of anaesthesia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1974.tb06912.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The importance of the level of metronidazole resistance for the success of 〈fr〉Helicobacter pylori〈/fr〉 eradication (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 19 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Aims : To evaluate the role of antibiotic susceptibility for the treatment outcome of proton pump inhibitor-dependent and independent Helicobacter pylori eradication regimens.Methods : In a placebo-controlled clinical study of peptic ulcer patients with H. pylori infection, patients were randomized to receive lansoprazole, clarithromycin and tinidazole twice-daily, clarithromycin and tinidazole once-daily with lansoprazole or with placebo. Helicobacter pylori status was assessed by culture and antibiotic susceptibility by E-test minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) in 205 clinical isolates.Results : Primary resistance to clarithromycin and metronidazole was 1 and 76%, respectively. In metronidazole susceptible strains eradication rates were similar at 〉 90% for all treatment groups (P = 0.49). With low-level metronidazole resistance (4 μg/mL 〈 MIC 〈 256 μg/mL), eradication rates were similar at 〉75% (P = 0.80). The major difference was found at high-level metronidazole resistance (MIC ≥ 256 μg/mL) with 95%, 58% and 21% eradication in the lansoprazole, clarithromycin and tinidazole twice-daily, lansoprazole, clarithromycin and tinidazole once-daily and placebo, clarithromycin and tinidazole once-daily groups, respectively (P 〈 0.001).Conclusion : In the absence of antibiotic resistance, a once-daily therapy of only clarithromycin and tinidazole can achieve a high rate of H. pylori eradication. Such a combination could offer a simpler and cheaper treatment option for developing countries. The standard, twice-daily proton pump inhibitor-based triple therapy was shown to be efficient in H. pylori eradication even in the presence of high-level metronidazole resistance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.2004.01959.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression of Heterozygous lpr Gene in MRL Mice (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 32 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Recently we showed that not only homozygous MRL lpr/lpr mice but also heterozygous MRL +/lpr mice display defective antigen- and mitogen-driven T-cell responses as well as polyclonal B-cell activation compared with congeneic MRL +/+ mice. In this study we examined die impact of the heterozygous lpr gene on organ pathology in kidneys, joints, and salivary glands, as well as serum levels of immunoglobulins and autoantibodies in young and old MRL mice. Only 1 out of 17 heterozygous lpr-bearing MRL mice developed clinically overt renal disease with significant proteinuria and haematuria during the first year of life. However, examination of Ig and C3 deposits in glomeruli of kidneys from these mice revealed that the expression of the heterozygous lpr gene in MRL mice accelerates glomerulonephritis in addition, histological examination of the submandibular salivary glands showed an increased focus score in heterozygous MRL mice at 4–5 months of age compared with that of matched congeneic +/+ mice. In contrast, no signs of arthropathy were registered in the heterozygous lpr-bearing MRL mice. Heterozygous MRL mice displayed an expanding lymphoid system as evaluated by significantly increased spleen and lymph node weights com pared with those of matched MRL +/+ mice. Further evidence for immunomodulatory properties of the heterozygous lpr gene was obtained when analysing serum levels of IgG, IgM, and autoantibodies. Thus, heterozygous MRL +/lpr mice produced significantly higher levels of both Ig and autoantibodies than matched MRL +/+ mice. We conclude that the expression of the heterozygous lpr gene in MRL mice results in acceleration of the autoimmune process, giving rise to precocious clinical disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1990.tb02887.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Double Diffusion-in-Gel (1983)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 17 (1983), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1983.tb04000.x
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