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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Relationship Between Consumption of Antimicrobial Agents and the Prevalence of Primary Helicobacter pylori Resistance (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Helicobacter 7 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1523-5378
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background. Primary and acquired resistance to the antimicrobial agents is a primary reason for the failure of Helicobacter pylori eradication therapies. We assessed the primary antibiotic resistance rates of H. pylori to three different antibiotics and its relationship due to the annual antibiotic consumption in Japan during the period prior to approval of anti-H. pylori therapy in Japan.Materials and Methods. Antibiotic susceptibility was tested using the agar dilution method for clarithromycin, amoxicillin and metronidazole. Isolates were considered resistant when the MIC value was 〉 8 mg/l for metronidazole, 〉 1 mg/l for clarithromycin and 〈 0.5 mg/l for amoxicillin.Results. Helicobacter pylori isolates were obtained from 593 Japanese patients from 1995 to 2000. Primary resistance of H. pylori to clarithromycin, metronidazole and amoxicillin was found in 11%, 9% and 0.3% strains, respectively. The proportion with clarithromycin resistance significantly increased from 7% in 1997–98 to 15.2% in 1999–2000 (p = .003). During the same period the metronidazole resistance rate also increased from 6.6% in 1997–98 to 12% in 1999–2000 (p = .02). The prevalence of clarithromycin and metronidazole was related to the annual consumption of these antimicrobial agents.Conclusion. Resistance rates for both clarithromycin and metronidazole appear to reflect the annual consumption of these agents. The high rate of clarithromycin resistance in Japan suggests that the effectiveness of clarithromycin-based therapies may be compromised in the near future.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-5378.2002.00096.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Age-dependent changes in projections from locus coeruleus to hippocampus dentate gyrus and frontal cortex (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 12 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Age-dependent changes in noradrenergic innervations of the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) and the frontal cortex (FC) have been studied in male F344 rats. The projections from the nucleus locus coeruleus (LC) to DG or FC with advancing age (from 7 to 27 months) in rats have been quantified by electrophysiological and immunohistochemical methods. In the electrophysiological study, we observed that the percentage of LC neurons activated antidromically by electrical stimulation (P-index) of DG or FC decreased with age. We found that the percentage of LC neurons showing multiple antidromic latencies (M-index), which suggests axonal branching of individual LC neurons, increased markedly between 15 and 17 months in DG or FC. In DG, the M-index increased steadily between 15 and 24 months. In contrast, the increased M-index in FC was maintained until 24 months. The increased M-index in both targets declined at 27 months. These results suggest that LC neurons give rise to axonal branching following the loss of projections to DG or FC with age. In the immunohistochemical study, the density of dopamine-β-hydroxylase-positive axonal varicosities was measured in molecular, granule cell and polymorphic layers of DG. The density in the polymorphic layer significantly decreased in the earlier stage of ageing (7–19 months), whilst the density in the molecular and granule cell layers decreased in the later stage (27 months). These findings suggested that a layer-specific decline occurred with age in the noradrenergic axon terminals in DG.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1460-9568.2000.00017.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inhibition of Saccharomyces Cerevisiae by Combination of Hydrostatic Pressure and Monoterpenes (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 62 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Using a pressure of 1800 kg/cm2 and 150 μg/mL of α-terpinene for 1 hr at 25°C, growth reduction of 6 log cycles after incubation at 30°C/24h, was found with S. cerevisiae. Without pressurization, S. cerevisiae was resistant to 300 μg/mL. and 600 μg/mL α-terpinene but was sensitive 1250 μg/mL. Reduction of 3 log cycles in viable cell counts was found when cells were exposed to pressure (1800 kg/cm2) and -(+)-limonene (200, 400 and 2,000 μg/mL).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1997.tb04012.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    GENE REGULATION OF BRAIN NATRIURETIC PEPTIDE IN CARDIOCYTE HYPERTROPHY BY α1-ADRENERGIC STIMULATION (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical and experimental pharmacology and physiology 22 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1681
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: 1. We previously demonstrated that brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) is a cardiac hormone mainly produced in the ventricle, while the major production site of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) is the atrium. The production and secretion of BNP and ANP in the hypertrophied ventricles were markedly augmented, serving as a compensation mechanism against ventricular overload by their natriuretic, diuretic and vasodilatory actions.2. In the present study, we prepared an in vitro model of cardiocyte hypertrophy using cultured neonatal rat ventricular cardiocytes and αl-adrenergic stimulation, and examined the gene expressions of BNP and ANP during the process of cardiocyte hypertrophy.3. The treatment of cultured ventricular cardiocytes with phenylephrine evoked cardiocyte hypertrophy around 24 h after the treatment, which was characterized by augmented expression of the myosin light chain-2 gene and increase in cell size.4. In this model of cardiocyte hypertrophy, the steady-state level of BNP mRNA rapidly increased to the maximal level within 1 h after the treatment. In contrast, ANP mRNA began to increase at 3h, and accumulated during the course of cardiocyte hypertrophy. The secretion of BNP from ventricular cardiocytes was also stimulated more rapidly than the ANP secretion.5. These results indicate that the gene expression of BNP is distinctly regulated from that of ANP in cardiocyte hypertrophy, and suggest a discrete pathophysiological role of BNP as an ‘emergency’ cardiac hormone against ventricular overload.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1681.1995.tb02873.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    ENDOTHELIN-INDUCED ACTIVATION OF MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASES IN GLOMERULAR MESANGIAL CELLS FROM NORMOTENSIVE AND STROKE-PRONE SPONTANEOUSLY HYPERTENSIVE RATS (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical and experimental pharmacology and physiology 22 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1681
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: 1. Kinase assay in myelin basic protein (MBP) containing polyacrylamide gels revealed that endothelin-1 (ET-1) and ET-3 increased MBP kinase activities in glomerular mesangial cells (MC) from Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats and spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHRSP). ET-1 stimulated MBP kinase activities more potently than ET-3.2. Immunoprecipitation with anti-41-kDa MAPK antiserum showed that the MBP kinases activated by ET-1 correspond to 43- and 41-kDa MAPK.3. Since Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, a direct activator of protein kinase C, also activated MAPK, protein kinase C was suggested to mediate ET-induced activation of MAPK.4. These results suggest that MAPK may mediate the ET actions in glomerular mesangial cells from normotensive rats as well as spontaneously hypertensive rats. Since ET is produced by vascular endothelial cells of the kidney and glomerular mesangial cells, the ET signalling pathway may have some physiological and pathophysiological significance in wivo glomerulus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1681.1995.tb02885.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High-dose ecabet sodium improves the eradication rate of Helicobacter pylori in dual therapy with lansoprazole and amoxicillin (2000)
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 14 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The additive effect of ecabet sodium in combination with dual therapy on Helicobacter pylori eradication was evaluated.〈section xml:id="abs1-2"〉〈title type="main"〉Methods: H. pylori-positive chronic gastritis patients were randomly assigned to one of the following three groups and medicated for 2 weeks. Group LA: dual therapy (lansoprazole 30 mg o.d. plus amoxicillin 750 mg b.d.). Group LA1E: dual therapy plus ecabet sodium (1 g b.d.). Group LA2E: dual therapy plus ecabet sodium (2 g b.d.). Patients were evaluated 4 weeks after the cessation of treatment by culture and 13C-urea breath test.〈section xml:id="abs1-3"〉〈title type="main"〉Results:Seventy-one patients (mean age, 56.6 years; range, 26–79 years; 40 males, 31 females) were enrolled in this prospective, single-blind study, and 68 completed the protocol. The eradication rates per protocol patient were 43% in group LA, 62% in group LA1E, and 79% in group LA2E, and those on the intention-to-treat basis were 42% in group LA, 57% in group LA1E and 79% in group LA2E. The eradication rate in group LA2E was significantly higher than group LA (P=0.032 in per protocol, P=0.022 in intention-to-treat). Adverse effects were observed in 10 patients in this study. There were no severe adverse effects caused by ecabet sodium.〈section xml:id="abs1-4"〉〈title type="main"〉Conclusion:High-dose ecabet sodium increases eradication rates of H. pylori in dual therapy with lansoprazole and amoxicillin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2036.2000.00852.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Efficacy of triple therapy with rabeprazole for Helicobacter pylori infection and CYP2C19 genetic polymorphism (2001)
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 15 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Rabeprazole is a new, potent, proton pump inhibitor. The metabolism of rabeprazole is less dependent on CYP2C19 genetic polymorphism.〈section xml:id="abs1-2"〉〈title type="main"〉Methods:A total of 102 Helicobacter pylori-positive patients with gastric ulcer were randomly allocated to three groups: rabeprazole 10 mg (RAC10), rabeprazole 20 mg (RAC20) or rabeprazole 40 mg (RAC40) plus amoxicillin 750 mg and clarithromycin 200 mg twice daily for 7 days. CYP2C19 genotype was determined by the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method.〈section xml:id="abs1-3"〉〈title type="main"〉Results:All-patients-treated-based eradication rates in patients treated with RAC10, RAC20 and RAC40 were 83%, 77% and 90%, respectively, and per protocol-based eradication rates were 83%, 80% and 90%, respectively. The eradication rates in the three groups were not significantly different. There was also no significant difference between the all-patients-treated-based eradication rate in CYP2C19 extensive metabolizers and that in poor metabolizers (86% vs. 77%). Adverse events were 12% in extensive metabolizers and 23% in poor metabolizers, and the difference in these incidence rates was also not statistically significant.〈section xml:id="abs1-4"〉〈title type="main"〉Conclusions:Triple therapy with 10 mg of rabeprazole combined with amoxicillin/clarithromycin is effective for Japanese patients with H. pylori infection, and the H. pylori eradication rate is not affected by CYP2C19 genetic polymorphism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2036.2001.01063.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Deoxycytidine uptake by isolated membrain vesicles from Escherichia coli K 12
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)/Biomembranes 311 (1973), S. 496-506 
    Details
    ISSN: 0005-2736
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0005-2736(73)90125-9
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Adenosine uptake by isolated membrane vesicles from Escherichia coli K-12
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)/Biomembranes 330 (1973), S. 206-221 
    Details
    ISSN: 0005-2736
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0005-2736(73)90226-5
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A showdomycin-resistant mutant of Escherichia coli K-12 with altered nucleoside transport character
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)/Biomembranes 288 (1972), S. 390-403 
    Details
    ISSN: 0005-2736
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0005-2736(72)90260-X
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