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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Anaesthesia 49 (1994), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Peri-operative myocardial ischaemia is the single most important risk factor for an adverse cardiac outcome after non-cardiac surgery. The present study examines whether intermittent 12-lead ECG recordings can be used as an early warning tool to identify patients suffering from peri-operative myocardial ischaemia and subsequent myocardial cell damage. Fifty-five vascular surgery patients at risk for or with a history of coronary artery disease were monitored for peri-operative myocardial ischaemia using intermittent 12-lead ECG recordings taken pre-operatively and at 15 min, 20 h, 48 h, 72 h and 84 h postoperatively. The effectiveness of the 12-lead ECG was gauged by examining concordance with continuous 3-channel Holter monitoring and capturing peri-operative myocardial ischaemia by serial analyses of creatine kinase myocardial band isoenzyme and cardiac troponin T and I. The incidence of peri-operative myocardial ischaemia detected by 12-lead ECG was 44% and was identifiable in most patients (88%) 15 min after surgery. The incidence of peri-operative myocardial ischaemia detected by continuous monitoring was 53%, with the most severe episodes occurring intra-operatively and during emergence from anaesthesia. The concordance of the 12-lead method with continuous monitoring was 72%. The concordance of creatine kinase myocardial band isoenzyme activity with the 12-lead method was 71% and with Holter monitoring 57%. The concordance of mass concentration of creatine kinase myocardial band with 12-lead ECG recordings was 75%, and the corresponding value for Holter monitoring was 68%. The concordance of cardiac troponin T and I levels with the 12-lead method was 85% and 87%, respectively, and concordance with Holter monitoring was 72% and 66%, respectively. The postoperative 12-lead ECG identified peri-operative myocardial ischaemia associated with subsequent myocardial cell damage in most patients undergoing vascular surgery.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Anaesthesia 59 (2004), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1460-9592
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The present study was undertaken to compare immediate recovery and recovery of complex psychomotor function in 20 children (aged 6–12 years) following general anaesthesia with either thiopentone/halothane or propofol. Early recovery of psychomotor skills was significantly faster in the propofol group than in the thiopentone/halothane group. Compared to preanaesthesia baseline the sedation and cooperation scores, the reaction time to visual and auditory stimuli as well as the postbox test and the flicker fusion frequency were less impaired after propofol than after thiopentone/halothane anaesthesia up to 120 min postoperatively. In the propofol group most tests reached preanaesthesia levels after 120 min, while in the thiopentone/halothane group these levels were not reattained throughout the entire study period. The results indicate that the recovery of psychomotor function in paediatric patients following general anaesthesia with propofol is significantly faster than with thiopentone/halothane. This has important implications for parental satisfaction, the time over which patients need to be monitored in the recovery room and for the discharge criteria after daycase surgery.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: We investigated the association of peri-operative myocardial ischaemia with activation of coagulation and endogenous fibrinolysis in patients undergoing vascular surgery. In 50 patients, continuous Holter monitoring was performed to assess peri-operative myocardial ischaemia and 12-lead electrocardiography was recorded preoperatively and 72 h postoperatively to assess myocardial infarction. Serial blood samples were drawn peri-operatively to determine the concentrations of fibrin monomers (for activation of coagulation), d-dimer (for endogenous fibrinolysis) and cardiac troponin T and I. Patients with myocardial ischaemia showed higher concentrations of fibrin monomers at 48 h, and higher concentrations of d-dimer preoperatively and at 24 and 48 h postoperatively. In patients with peri-operative myocardial ischaemia, strong positive correlations were observed between fibrin monomer and d-dimer concentrations at 15 min and 4 h postoperatively, and cardiac troponins at 15 min and at 4, 24, 48 and 72 h postoperatively. Early postoperative activation of coagulation and fibrinolysis is associated with peri-operative myocardial cell damage among patients who are at risk for, or have a history of, coronary artery disease plus peri-operative myocardial ischaemia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Although several clinical studies have shown that increased serum concentrations of protein S100B predict ischaemic brain damage after cardiac surgery, S100B may also be released from the heart or other injured tissue. We therefore investigated the correlation between serum S100B levels and those of the specific cardiac marker troponin I in order to assess the cerebral vs. extracerebral origin of S100B. In 64 cardiac surgical patients, serial blood samples were drawn for the measurement of S100B and troponin I before surgery and for seven days after surgery. Neurological function was assessed before with the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale and the Folstein Mini Mental Test. The data show that a sustained increase in serum S100B levels is associated with neurological dysfunction, as witnessed by a positive correlation between S100B values and the results of the neuropsychological tests. In contrast, the early postoperative increased levels of protein S100B derive from cardiac tissue, as shown by the positive correlation between S100B and cardiac troponin I levels.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: We evaluated intermittent and continuous thermodilution cardiac output data in 12 patients undergoing orthotopic liver transplantation. Measurements were performed at 16 predefined time points between induction of anaesthesia and 3 h after reperfusion of the liver graft. Cardiac output measurements yielded 192 data pairs (intermittent cardiac output range: 1.8–18.9 l.min−1, continuous cardiac output range: 3.3–20.0 l.min−1). During most of the procedure the correlation between intermittent and continuous cardiac output measurements was significant (r = 0.87, p 〈 0.0001), accompanied with a bias of −0.240 l.min−1 and a degree of precision of 1.789 l.min−1 (〈 10.0 l.min−1: 1.137 l.min−1, ≥10.0 l.min−1: 2.220 l.min−1). However, in the early phases after caval clamping and after reperfusion, accuracy was not acceptable. Only during these phases did the difference between the mean values of pulmonary artery blood temperature and rectal temperature increase (after caval clamping) or decrease (after reperfusion). In conclusion, despite acceptable levels of accuracy and precision between intermittent and continuous cardiac output measurement under stable conditions, both methods showed markedly decreased accuracy and precision in the early phases after caval clamping and after reperfusion, possibly owing to increased thermal noise.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-2277
    Keywords: Pancreas transplantation, in the pig ; Experimental pancreas transplantation, pig, anatomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A major problem in pancreatic autotransplantation is the vascular supply of the left segment, which serves as the graft. We therefore examined the arterial blood supply of the epigastric organs in 36 German landrace pigs. In 19 pigs (anatomical variation 1) there was a pancreatic branch of the splenic artery supplying the left segment. After splenectomy the splenic artery could be used as the graft-supplying vessel. In 14 pigs (anatomical variation 2) the arterial branch for the left segment was the first branch out of the hepatic artery distal to the coeliac trunk. In these cases a splenohepatic bypass was performed to ensure delivery of the blood to the epigastric organs. Thereafter, the proximal part of the hepatic artery could be used as the vessel supplying the graft. The left segment could not be used for autotransplantation in 3 pigs (anatomical variation 3) because of the atypical vascular supply. During the 6-month observation period, no malfunction of the epigastric organs was evident.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Schmerz 10 (1996), S. 21-26 
    ISSN: 1432-2129
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Clonidin ; Opioide ; Lokalanästhetika ; Interaktion: Clonidin-Opioide ; Lokalanästhetika ; spinale Applikation ; epidurale Applikation ; Key words Clonidine ; Opioids ; Local anaesthetics ; Interaction ; Spinal administration ; Epidural admini-stration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract The effects of combined spinal administration of α2-adrenoceptor agonists, local anaesthetics, and opioids have been extensively studied. The motor and the sensory block of spinal and epidural anaesthesia is enhanced and prolonged by the combination of clonidine with the local anaesthetics lidocaine, tetracaine and bupivacaine. Because higher plasma levels of local anaesthetics were measured when clonidine was injected epidurally, the enhancement of the local anaesthetic's effect by clonidine is not due to slowed resorption, but rather to direct spinal and supraspinal effects of clonidine. Furthermore, direct local anaesthetic properties of clonidine on nerve fibres are discussed. In addition, in children the combination of clonidine and bupivacaine for caudal anaesthesia resulted in a marked prolongation of postoperative pain relief. Circulatory effects of combined clonidine and local anaesthetics are the result of the specific spinal blockade and the central and peripheral effects of clonidine. The combined epidural and intrathecal administration of opioids and α2-adrenoceptor agonists provides better postoperative pain relief than the administration of either substance alone. In humans, the interaction seems to be additive rather than supra-additive. Because of its limited duration of action, continuous administration of clonidine is recommended, especially when it is used in combination with opioids. Neither the incidence nor the severity of side effects is increased by a combined therapy with opioids. Despite the sedative properties of clonidine, there is no increased risk of respiratory depression when clonidine is given in combination with opioids. The inhibiting effect on the sympathetic nervous system activity regularly observed during spinal administration of clonidine supports the value of this therapy and will support its use in the future. Therefore, the combination of α2-adrenoceptor agonists with local anaesthetics or opioids is reasonable and may improve anaesthetic practice.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Auswirkungen einer rückenmarknahen Applikation von α2-Adrenozeptoragonisten und Lokalanästhetika als auch von Opioiden ist tierexperimentell und klinisch umfassend untersucht worden. Clonidin verlängert dosisabhängig die motorische und sensorische Blockade einer Spinal- und Epiduralanästhesie. Die gemessenen höheren Plasmaspiegel der Lokalanästhetika weisen darauf hin, daß die Wirkungsverlängerung und die Intensivierung der Blockade nicht auf eine verzögerte Resorption zurückzuführen ist, sondern durch die spezifischen spinalen und supraspinalen Clonidinwirkungen zustande kommen. Darüber hinaus werden direkte lokalanästhetische Effekte von Clonidin diskutiert. Auch bei Kindern, die eine Kaudalanästhesie mit Clonidin und Bupivacain erhielten, wurde eine Verlängerung der postoperativen Schmerzausschaltung beobachtet. Die Kombination von Clonidin und Lokalanästhetika ruft spezifische Kreislaufeffekte hervor, die das Resultat der Auswirkungen der rückenmarknahen Blockade und der zentralen und peripheren Clonidinwirkung sind. Die kombinierte epidurale und intrathekale Gabe von Opioiden und α2-Adrenozeptoragonisten führt zu einer besseren postoperativen Schmerzausschaltung als die alleinige Applikation der Einzelsubstanzen. Beim Menschen scheint diese Interaktion eher additiv als supraadditiv zu sein. Wegen der relativ kurzen Wirkung von Clonidin bietet sich in Kombination mit Opioiden die kontinuierliche Applikation an. Die kombinierte Medikation führt zu keiner Zunahme der Inzidenz und der Intensität der Nebenwirkungen der Einzelsubstanzen. Werden die sedierenden Eigenschaften von Clonidin mitberücksichtigt, besteht auch in Kombination mit Opioiden keine größere Gefahr der Atemdepression. Die sympathikusmodulierende Wirkung, die durch die systemische Resorption nach rückenmarknaher Applikation von Clonidin regelmäßig zu beobachten ist, wird dieser Therapie weitere Impulse geben. Daher ist die Kombination von α2-Adrenozeptoragonisten mit Lokalanästhetika und/oder Opioiden pharmakologisch sinnvoll und stellt eine wesentliche Bereicherung des therapeutischen Spektrums in der Anästhesiologie dar.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Chirurg 70 (1999), S. 18-22 
    ISSN: 1433-0385
    Keywords: Key words: Operating room ; Management ; perioperative ; Analyzes ; New strategies ; Holding area. ; Schlüsselwörter: Organisation ; perioperative ; Operationsmanagement ; Analyse ; neue Strategien ; „holding area“.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung. Die Zunahme an Risikopatienten, die begrenzte Intensivbettenkapazität und knapper werdende Krankenhausbudgets zwingen perioperative Organisationsabläufe kritisch zu hinterfragen. Eine Analyse der Heidelberger Anaesthesiedokumentation zeigte Verbesserungsmöglichkeiten im Operationsbereich auf. Für eine optimale Abstimmung aller beteiligten Berufs- und Interessensgruppen bietet sich die Errichtung einer Operationsmanagementgruppe an. Diese unabhängige und mit der notwendigen Kompetenz ausgestattete Gruppe plant und koordiniert den Operationsablauf inklusive der Notfälle nach den personellen, räumlichen und fachspezifischen Anforderungen. Baulich läßt die Errichtung einer „holding area“ sowie die Ansiedlung des Aufwachraums und der Intensivstationen in unmittelbarer Operationssaalnähe die Ablauforganisation in zentralen Operationseinheiten wesentlich verbessern. Durch Personalumverteilung errichtete „Intermediate-care-Stationen“ vermögen Intensivbereiche zu entlasten.
    Notes: Summary. The increasing number of high-risk patients and the limited number of intensive care beds and shrinking hospital budgets make it necessary to review perioperative management processes. Analyzing the data of the Heidelberg Anesthesia documentation system revealed improvement strategies in operating room management. The coordination of all groups involved is optimized by an operating room management group. This independent group plans and coordinates the operating room procedures, together with emergency cases according to personal, room and specific needs. Establishment of a holding area and a postoperative anesthesia care unit next to central operating units will significantly improve the perioperative organization processes. Redistribution of personnel enables intermediate care units to be opened, which provide additional intensive care bed capacity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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