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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dynamics of Benzene Adsorbed on Ca-LSX Zeolite Studied by Solid-State Two-Dimensional Exchange 13C NMR (1995)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 117 (1995), S. 2923-2924 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja00115a026
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Temperature dependent electron beam induced current experiments on chalcopyrite thin film solar cells (1997)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 70 (1997), S. 1011-1013 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Electron-beam-induced current (EBIC) profiles of Mo/CuInX2/CdS/ZnO thin film solar cells with X=Se, S were recorded at different temperatures. We measure the collection efficiency of cells as a function of the beam energy and subsequently identify the depth dependent collection function. For a CuInS2 based cell, charge collection is maintained by diffusion transport of minority carriers to the junction with an effective diffusion length of 1.3±0.2 μm. This value is independent on temperature between 123 and 373 K. A CuInSe2 based cell exhibits increased collection of charge carriers created at the back contact on decreasing temperature. The temperature variation of the EBIC profiles is discussed considering the effect of bulk and grain boundary recombination. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.118467
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An In Vitro Model for the Expansion of Vγ9δ2 T Lymphocytes During Development (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 40 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The 7/γ/δTlymphocytes represent a minority of T lymphocytes in human peripheral blood. Although there have been reports of reactivity against (myco-) bacterial antigens and heat shock proteins, their function and antigen specificity remain ill defined. The biological role of γ/δ T cells has been related to functions within the ‘first line of defense’. Similar to γ/δ T lymphocytes in the T-cell compartment, CD5 positive B cells represent a small subset of B lymphocytes, which is thought to be involved in the maintenance of natural immunity and autoimmunity. We provide evidence for the cooperation of γ/δ T cells and CD5 positive B cells in the proliferative response of γ/δ T cells to bacterial antigens. Our data indicate a strong proliferation of Vγ9δ2 T cells in response to gram-negative bacteria, which is dependent upon the presence of CD5 positive B-CLL or activated normal B lymphocytes. The selective stimulation of the Vγ9δ2 subpopulation by gram-negative bacteria is also confirmed by analysis of different γ/δ T-cell clones. The interaction of γ/δ T cells with activated B cells and gram-negative bacteria may prove to be a useful model similar to the expansion of the Vγ9δ2 subpopulation during development. In addition, our in vitro system should provide new insights in the interaction of CLL B cells with the immune system and the antigens recognized by γ/δ T cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1994.tb03499.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ozone uptake in the sun and shade crown of spruce: quantifying the physiological effects of ozone exposure (1993)
    Springer
    Trees 7 (1993), S. 227-232 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2285
    Keywords: Ozone uptake ; Stomatal conductance ; Spruce
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The uptake of air pollutants depends both on pollutant concentration and on stomatal conductance. This paper deals with the uptake of ozone (O3) from the air into the needles of Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.] under ambient climatic conditions. Regulation of O3 uptake by the stomata is shown and also the difference between the “physiologically active O3 concentration” and the O3 concentration of the ambient air. Data from the sun and shade crown of spruce trees at 1000 m a.s.l. are presented. Analysis of data from three vegetation periods has shown that at low ambient O3 concentrations the O3 uptake is largely regulated by stomatal conductance. Water vapour pressure deficit (VPD) of the atmosphere is the climatic factor which showed the highest positive correlation with O3 concentration. However, a high leaf-air VDP led to stomatal closure, thus reducing the O3 uptake in the needles despite high O3 concentrations in the ambient air. The potential O3 stress caused by high O3 concentrations can be strongly mitigated by this natural closing of the stomata and the simultaneous occurrence of moderate drought stress.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00202078
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Failure to detect any effect of amalgam restorations on peripheral blood lymphocyte populations (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 70 (1992), S. 728-734 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Amalgam ; Lymphocytes ; Immune system
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Dental amalgam has been considered to have adverse side effects on the immune system. Reports have been contradictory, indicating both an increase and a decrease in peripheral blood lymphocyte counts associated with amalgam restorations. We investigated two groups of patients, one of which was treated with amalgam restorations for the first time. In the other group, all existing amalgam fillings were removed. Prior to and after treatment, we determined the absolute and relative numbers of granulocytes, lymphocytes, monocytes, T cells, B cells, cytotoxic T cells, helper T cells and natural killer cells. In addition, functional investigations of T cells were performed. We failed to find any effect of amalgam restorations on the immune system in terms of the parameters investigated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00180738
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Single-dose toxicokinetics of aluminum in the rat (1992)
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 66 (1992), S. 700-705 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Aluminum ; Toxicokinetics ; Rat ; Parenterals
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The toxicokinetics of aluminum (Al) in male Wistar rats was studied after single intragastric (IG) doses of 1000 and 12000 μg Al/kg and intravenous (IV) doses of 10, 100, 1000, and 12000 μg Al/kg. Serial blood samples, daily samples of urine and feces as well as brain, liver, kidney, spleen, quadriceps muscle, and femur samples were collected. Al was measured by atomic absorption spectrometry. Al blood profiles after IV doses were adequately described by a two-compartment open model. Al toxicokinetics was dose dependent and appeared to plateau at 12000 μg/kg. At IV doses between 10 and 1000 μg/kg the terminal half-life of elimination from whole blood (t1/2β) increased from 29.9±7.8 to 209.3±32.6 min, and the total body clearance (CL) decreased from 2.45±0.64 to 0.28±0.03 ml min−1 kg−1. Following an IV bolus of 10 and 100 μg/kg the administered Al was recovered completely from urine (94.4%±9.9% and 98.5%±3.2%). Twenty-nine days after the IV dose of 1000 μg/kg daily renal excretion decreased to baseline values while only 55.1%±8.0% of the dose was excreted. Nineteen days after the single IV dose of 1000 μg/kg Al accumulated in liver (28.1±7.7 versus 1.7±0.5 μg/g of control rats) and spleen (72.5±21.1 versus 〈0.4 μg/g). After the single 1000 μg/kg IG dose no absorption of Al was detectable. The IG dose of 12000 μg/kg resulted in a maximum blood Al level of 47.9±12.4 μg/l after 50 min. The blood concentration time curve fitted a one-compartment open model with a half-life of absorption of 28.2±3.6 min and a t1/2β of 81.2±20.2 min. Cumulative renal Al excretion was 0.18%±0.10% of the dose and oral bioavailability was 0.02%. Seventeen days after the 12000 μg/kg IG dose the Al content in femur samples was increased (2.7±1.3 versus 0.6±0.4 μg/g). In no case was fecal elimination of incorporated Al observed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01972620
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neuron-specific enolase-like immunoreactivity in the vertebrate retina: selective labelling of Müller cells in Anura (1992)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 98 (1992), S. 243-252 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Neuron-specific enolase (NSE) immunocytochemistry was carried out in retinae of goldfish, axolotl, clawed frog, cane toad, lizard, chick, guinea-pig, rabbit, rat, cat and human. With the exception of Anura, strong immunoreactivity was seen in the large ganglion, amacrine cells and horizontal cells of the retina in all of the other species. Photoreceptors were found to be labelled in the rat and human retina and only one cone type in rabbit. Photoreceptor pedicles and ellipsoids were stained in the goldfish and the somata and inner segments of some photoreceptors in axolotl. In the axolotl retina, besides neurons, Müller cells (MCs) were also immunolabelled. In the retina of the cane toad and the clawed frog MCs were the only stained elements. Similarly in other parts of the central nervous system of the cane toad, glial elements of the optic tectum and spinal cord were immunoreactive. In contrast, in the peripheral nervous system, neurons of the 1st sympathetic ganglion and the 2nd dorsal root ganglion were labelled. In double-labelling experiments, glial fibrillary acidic protein and NSE showed colocalisation both in the glial elements of the optic tectum and spinal cord and in MCs of the retina of the cane toad.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00271038
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reference values and human biological monitoring values for environmental toxins (1999)
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 72 (1999), S. 255-260 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Keywords: Key words Environmental medicine ; Environmental toxins ; Biological monitoring ; Reference values ; Human biological monitoring (HBM) values
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract This article describes the working principles and working procedures of the Commission on Human Biological Monitoring, which was established in 1993 as a joint commission of the Federal Health Office (Bundesgesundheitsamt) and the Federal Environmental Agency (Umweltbundesamt) in Germany. One of the main tasks of the commission is to develop scientifically based criteria for the application of human biological monitoring and for the evaluation of human monitoring data in environmental medicine. In principle, two different kinds of criteria are recommended: (a) reference values and (b) human biological monitoring values (HBM values). Reference values are intended to indicate the upper margin of the current background exposure of the general population to a given environmental toxin at a given time. Reference values can be used to identify subjects with an increased level of exposure (in relation to background exposure) to a given environmental toxin. However, reference values do not represent health-related criteria for the evaluation of human biological monitoring data. HBM values are derived from human toxicology and epidemiology studies and are intended to be used as a basis for a health-related evaluation of human biological monitoring data. Usually the commission recommends two different HBM values: HBM I, the concentration of an environmental toxin in a human biological material (usually blood, serum, plasma, or urine) below which there is – according to the knowledge and judgement of the commission – no risk for adverse health effects in individuals of the general population; and HBM II, the concentration of an environmental toxin in a human biological material (usually blood, serum, plasma, or urine) above which there is – according to the knowledge and judgement of the commission and with regard to the environmental toxin under consideration – an increased risk for adverse health effects in susceptible individuals of the general population. The HBM I value can be considered a kind of alert value (from the toxicological point of view), whereas the HBM II value represents a kind of action level, at which attempts should be undertaken to reduce the level of exposure immediately and to carry out further medical examinations. Values between HBM I and HBM II should be considered a warning signal of the need to control the analytical measurement and to reduce the level of exposure of the concerned individual as reasonably as is achievable. At present, reference and HBM values are available for lead in blood, for cadmium and mercury in blood and urine, and for pentachlorophenol in plasma/serum and urine. Reference values have been established for some polychlorinated biphenyls in blood and plasma as well as for hexachlorocyclohexane and hexacholorobenzene in blood as well as for some organochlorine in human milk.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004200050369
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Clean and ordered surfaces of CeNi2Ge2 layers on W(110) (1997)
    Springer
    Fresenius' journal of analytical chemistry 358 (1997), S. 141-143 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1130
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Investigations of the geometric and electronic properties of ternary Ce-based heavy fermion systems CeT2X2 (T : Ni,Pd,Rh; X : Ge,Si) were carried out by means of electron spectroscopic methods. The main problem for these surface-sensitive techniques is the preparation of well-ordered and atomically clean surfaces. The ternary substance CeNi2Ge2 was grown on a W(110) substrate by MBE with subsequent annealing. A nearly layer-by-layer growth mode was detected using MEED. The annealed layers are ordered, but show small Ni2Ge crystalline islands. The composition was characterised by means of AES in dependence of the substrate as well as the annealing temperature. Electronic properties are investigated by angle resolved photoelectron spectroscopy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002160050365
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Meropenem monotherapy versus combination therapy with ceftazidime and amikacin for empirical treatment of febrile neutropenic patients (1998)
    Springer
    Annals of hematology 76 (1998), S. 73-80 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Keywords: Key words Leukemia ; Neutropenia ; Infection ; Antibiotics ; Meropenem
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Infections remain the major cause of morbidity and mortality among neutropenic cancer patients. The current study addresses the question whether monotherapy with the new broad-spectrum carbapenem meropenem exhibits efficacy comparable to that of the standard combination therapy with ceftazidime and amikacin for empirical treatment of febrile neutropenic patients. Seventy-one patients with hematological malignancies (55%) or solid tumors (45%), neutropenia 〈500/μl, and fever 〈38.5  °C were randomly assigned to either meropenem (1 g every 8 h) or ceftazidime (2 g every 8 h) and amikacin (15 mg/kg/day) intravenously. Meropenem (n=34) and ceftazidime/amikacin (n=37) were equivalent with respect to the clinical response at 72 h (62% versus 68%) (p〈0.05) and at the end of unmodified therapy (59% versus 62%). Gram-positive bacteremia responded poorly in the meropenem and ceftazidime/amikacin group (29% versus 25%), whereas all gram-negative bacteremias responded except for one in the meropenem group caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. All patients survived to 72 h. One patient in each group died of gram-positive sepsis resistant to study medication. No significant side effects occurred in any regimen. This study suggests that meropenem monotherapy might be as effective as combination therapy with ceftazidime and amikacin for the empirical treatment of febrile neutropenic patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002770050366
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