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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxidation of H-terminated Si(100) surfaces studied by high-resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 77 (1995), S. 5125-5129 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The adsorption of oxygen on H-terminated Si(100) surfaces has been investigated by high-resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy (HREELS). Adsorptions of atomic oxygen occur even at room temperature. Si-OH stretching and Si-O-Si (B1) vibrational modes are observed in HREELS spectra, which indicates that atomic oxygen is adsorbed on sites of Si—H bonds and Si—Si back bonds. On the other hand, H-terminated surfaces are very stable for molecular oxygen, which cannot adsorb until 380 °C on the surface. A dissociative adsorption of molecular oxygen is observed above 380 °C and the activation energy of the adsorption is 2.0 eV at 380–450 °C. This value coincides with the desorption energy of hydrogen atoms from a Si(100) surface with the monohydride phase. These results indicate that the dangling bonds are essential to the adsorption of molecular oxygen on Si(100) surfaces. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.359323
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mechanical Properties and Corrosion Resistance of PM High Nitrogen Stainless Steel Consolidated by Hot Extrusion (1999)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 318-320 (Oct. 1999), p. 681-686 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/04/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.318-320.681.pdf
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Patterns of care study of radiation therapy for esophageal cancer in Japan: influence of age on parameters of treatment (1998)
    Springer
    International journal of clinical oncology 3 (1998), S. 379-385 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-7772
    Keywords: Patterns of Care ; Study ; Esophageal cancer Radiation therapy ; The elderly ; Parameter survey ; Age
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background. In Japan, the elderly population is growing rapidly, and therefore, so is the number of cancer patients who are not good candidates for aggressive surgery or chemotherapy. Radiation therapy offers excellent potential for the treatment of such patients, with minimal invasion and functional preservation. A Patterns of Care Study (PCS) examined the parameters of treatments used for patients with esophageal cancer to determine nationwide variations by age. Methods. From July 1996 through February 1997, external nationwide PCS audits were performed for 29 institutions. Medical charts were reviewed for 455 patients with thoracic esophageal cancer treated between 1992 and 1994. The parameters of treatments used for these patients were compared between those aged ≥75 years (elderly; n = 113) and those aged 〈75 years (yourger; n = 342). Results. Surgery was used in 49% of the younger group and in 17% of the elderly group (P 〈 0.0001) while chemotherapy was used in 48% of the younger and 24% of the older group (P 〈 0.0001). The ratio of non-surgery group with radiation therapy increased significantly from 49% to 82% (P 〈 0.0001). Approximately 70% of the non-surgery patients received an external radiation dose of more than 60Gy, even in the elderly (P = 0.3001). Preliminary results showed no significant difference in survival between the two age groups (P = 0.5559). Conclusions. The use of radiation therapy in elderly people with esophageal cancer has increased markedly. The PCS provided important information about variations in radiotherapy parameters in patients with esophageal cancer in relation to age. Such information should be useful for future prospective studies of the elderly.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00539217
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Do plant and soil systems contribute to global carbon cycling as a sink of CO2? (1997)
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 49 (1997), S. 287-293 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Keywords: carbon cycling ; carbon dioxide sequestration ; carbon sink ; modeling ; terrestrialecosystem
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Major conclusions from our two projects focussing on carbon cycling in terrestrial ecosystems are as follows: 1) A rural system or a farmland system tends to be a source of carbon dioxide. However, it was possible to increase carbon dioxide sequestration in soil by changing soil or paddy/upland-field management systems. 2) A model simulation showed that a carbon budget in a natural forest was balanced before cutting but the large minus (source) was observed just after cutting. But the balance changed from minus to plus (sink) in 10 years after cutting. Nearly the same amounts of carbon as that stocked in the timbers before harvesting accumulated in 70-80 years after the cutting. 3) These results indicate the possibility of soils in terrestrial ecosystems as the major sink of atmospheric carbon dioxide.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009724723121
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A rat model of HTLV-I infection: development of chronic progressive myeloneuropathy in seropositive WKAH rats and related apoptosis (1995)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 89 (1995), S. 483-490 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words HTLV-I ; HTLV-I-associated ; myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis ; Rat model ; Apoptosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In seropositive HTLV-I carrier rats of the WKAH strain inoculated with 2 × 107 MT-2 cells at 3–6 months of age, chronic progressive myeloneuropathy, tentatively designated as HTLV-I-associated myelopathy (HAM) rat disease, occurred when the rats were 19–23 months old. Clinical and pathological findings were basically identical to those of seronegative HAM rats of the same strain neonatally inoculated with MT-2 cells. It appears that a high dose of MT-2 cells (108 cells) is more effective for the induction and acceleration of HAM rat disease. Seronegative and seropositive carriers of other strains (F344, ACI, and LEW), WKAH rats inoculated with HUT-78 (a human T cell line without HTLV-I infection), and untreated WKAH rats at comparable ages did not develop HAM rat disease, thereby indicating that development of this disease is caused by HTLV-I infection and is under strict genetic restriction of the host strain. Chronological examination of HAM rat disease induced by 107 MT-2 inoculation into newborn rats showed that the spinal cord lesion began to develop by 12 months of age. T cells were absent in the affected spinal cord throughout the disease process. There was morphological evidence of apoptotic death of oligodendrocytes in the affected spinal cord. Apoptosis was also confirmed by the specific nick end labeling of the nuclear fragmentation in situ, and the apoptotic oligodendrocytes confined to the demyelinating foci, and the number of apoptotic cells positively correlated with severity of the spinal cord lesion. The collective evidence suggests that the major pathogenetic pathway of HAM rat disease appears to be closely related to apoptotic death of the oligodendrocytes, directly or indirectly associated with HTLV-I infection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00571502
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A rat model of HTLV-I infection: development of chronic progressive myeloneuropathy in seropositive WKAH rats and related apoptosis (1995)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 89 (1995), S. 483-490 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: HTLV-I ; HTLV-I-associated ; myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis ; Rat model ; Apoptosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In seropositive HTLV-I carrier rats of the WKAH strain inoculated with 2×107 MT-2 cells at 3–6 months of age, chronic progressive myeloneuropathy, tentatively designated as HTLV-I-associated myelopathy (HAM) rat disease, occurred when the rats were 19–23 months old. Clinical and pathological findings were basically identical to those of seronegative HAM rats of the same strain neonatally inoculated with MT-2 cells. It appears that a high dose of MT-2 cells (108 cells) is more effective for the induction and acceleration of HAM rat disease. Seronegative and seropositive carriers of other strains (F344, ACI, and LEW), WKAH rats inoculated with HUT-78 (a human T cell line without HTLV-I infection), and untreated WKAH rats at comparable ages did not develop HAM rat disease, thereby indicating that development of this disease is caused by HTLV-I infection and is under strict genetic restriction of the host strain. Chronological examination of HAM rat disease induced by 107 MT-2 inoculation into newborn rats showed that the spinal cord lesion began to develop by 12 months of age. T cells were absent in the affected spinal cord throughout the disease process. There was morphological evidence of apoptotic death of oligodendrocytes in the affected spinal cord. Apoptosis was also confirmed by the specific nick end labeling of the nuclear fragmentation in situ, and the apoptotic oligodendrocytes confined to the demyelinating foci, and the number of apoptotic cells positively correlated with severity of the spinal cord lesion. The collective evidence suggests that the major pathogenetic pathway of HAM rat disease appears to be closely related to apoptotic death of the oligodendrocytes, directly or indirectly associated with HTLV-I infection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00571502
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pioglitazone time-dependently reduces tumour necrosis factor-α level in muscle and improves metabolic abnormalities in Wistar fatty rats (1998)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 41 (1998), S. 257-264 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Keywords Pioglitazone ; muscle TNF-α ; sphingomyelinase ; insulin resistance ; Wistar fatty rat.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In order to evaluate the relationship between tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) level in muscle and metabolic abnormalities in obesity and diabetes mellitus, pioglitazone, a novel insulin-sensitizing agent, was administered to Wistar fatty rats and time-dependent changes in muscle TNF-α content and plasma indicators of diabetes and obesity were measured. Wistar fatty rats were hyperglycaemic, hyperlipidaemic and hyperinsulinaemic, and their plasma and muscle TNF-α levels were two or more times higher than those in normal lean rats at 16 weeks of age. When pioglitazone was administered to fatty rats at a dose of 3 mg · kg–1· day–1, the plasma triglyceride level and TNF-α levels in plasma and muscle decreased time-dependently, and reached the levels of lean rats within 4 days. Plasma glucose and insulin levels also decreased time-dependently with pioglitazone, but on day 4, these levels were still much higher than the levels in lean rats. Neutral sphingomyelinase (SMase) activity in muscle of fatty rats was two times higher than that in lean rats and was lowered to the level of that in lean rats by 4 days' pioglitazone administration. The plasma leptin level in fatty rats was 8 times higher than that in lean rats, but pioglitazone did not affect the level during the 4-day administration period. These results suggest that an increase in TNF-α production and subsequent activation of SMase in muscle leads to metabolic abnormalities in obesity and diabetes and that antidiabetic activity of pioglitazone is deeply associated with the suppression of TNF-α production. [Diabetologia (1998) 41: 257–264]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001250050901
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hyperresponse in calcium-induced insulin release from electrically permeabilized pancreatic islets of diabetic GK rats and its defective augmentation by glucose (1995)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 38 (1995), S. 772-778 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Key words Insulin release ; intracellular calcium ; exocytosis ; GK rat ; permeabilized islets.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In spontaneously diabetic GK rats, insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells in response to glucose is selectively impaired, probably due to deficient intracellular metabolism of glucose and impaired closure of KATP channels during glucose stimulation. By using electrically permeabilized islets of GK rats, we explored the functional modulations in exocytotic steps distal to the rise in [Ca2 + ]i in the diabetic condition. At 30 nmol/l Ca2 + (basal conditions) insulin release was similar between GK and non-diabetic control Wistar rats. In response to 3.0 μmol/l Ca2 + (maximum stimulatory conditions), insulin release was significantly augmented in permeabilized GK islets (p 〈 0.01). Raising glucose concentrations from 2.8 to 16.7 mmol/l further augmented insulin release induced by 3.0 μmol/l Ca2 + from permeabilized control islets(p 〈 0.001), but had no effect on that from permeabilized GK islets. The stimulatory effect of glucose on insulin release from permeabilized control islets was partly inhibited by 2,4-dinitrophenol, an inhibitor of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (p 〈 0.01). The hyperresponse to Ca2 + in GK islets may play a physiologically compensatory role on the putative functional impairment both in [Ca2 + ]i rise and energy state in response to glucose in diabetic β cells, and may explain the relative preservation of insulin release induced by non-glucose depolarizing stimuli, such as arginine, from pancreatic islets in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. [Diabetologia (1995) 38: 772–778]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001250050351
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lobar dysmorphism of the kidney: reevaluation of junctional parenchyma using helical CT (1999)
    Springer
    Abdominal imaging 24 (1999), S. 196-199 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0509
    Keywords: Key words: Computed tomography (CT), helical—Kidney, CT—Kidney, abnormalities.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Background: The term “junctional parenchyma” (JP) has been used to represent many renal anomalies including lobar dysmorphism; however, it has not been evaluated with modalities other than ultrasound (US). Methods: Twenty-two kidneys with lobar dysmorphism incidentally found on helical computed tomography (CT) were studied. In all cases, axial, multiplanar reformation, and three-dimensional images on corticomedullary phase scans were analyzed. Fifteen additional kidneys were prospectively examined with US, and we compared those sonograms with helical CT findings. Results: Comparison of the US and helical CT findings showed that the JP defect and the JP line corresponded anatomically to the upper aspect of the renal sinus and to the thick mural cortex originating from that point, extending inferiorly, respectively. The lesions of lobar dysmorphism were situated deep in the medulla, adjacent to the cortex; however, findings on helical CT did not indicate JP. Conclusions: Although JP may have been seen on US in this study, it did not show fusion remnants of subkidneys but a combination of the upper aspect of the renal sinus, the mural cortex, and the lesion of lobar dysmorphism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002619900476
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Correlation of lesions in the hippocampal region noted on MR images with clinical features (1997)
    Springer
    European radiology 7 (1997), S. 281-286 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: MR imaging ; Hippocampus ; Epilepsy ; Amnesia ; Dementia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The purpose of our work was to compare the MR imaging findings of obvious hippocampal and/or juxtahippocampal lesions with corresponding clinical features. Magnetic resonance images of 63 patients with obvious lesions in the hippocampal and/or juxtahippocampal regions were reviewed and their findings were correlated with patients' clinical characteristics. Based on the MR and clinical findings, the patients were divided into four groups: (a) 26 patients with space occupying lesions or suspected vascular malformation frequently causing symptomatic temporal epilepsy; (b) 14 with hippocampal infarcts, which when left-sided or bilateral caused amnesia; (c) 11 with encephalitis and 5 with old temporal contusion usually accompanied by both amnesia and epilepsy; and (d) 7 with temporal atrophy and progressive dementia of subacute onset. Magnetic resonance imaging allows precise localization and evaluation of the clinical correlates of hippocampal and juxtahippocampal lesions, which frequently caused symptomatic temporal epilepsy and/or amnesic syndrome.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003300050151
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