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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The spleen in Hodgkin's disease. An immunohistochemical study of lymphocyte subpopulations and macrophages (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Histopathology 13 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2559
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Lymphocyte subpopulations and macrophages in 16 spleens from patients with Hodgkin's disease were analysed immunohistochemically using monoclonal antibodies of the Leu and the Ki M series. In non-involved splenic tissue there is an increase of T-lymphocytes with an increased T-helper/T-suppressor cell ratio, while Ki M-1, -2, -3 and -5-positive, i.e. phenotypically different macrophages, are reduced. These results indicate that involvement of the spleen in Hodgkin's disease is accompanied by changes with respect not only to lymphocyte subpopulations but also to cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system. The immunodeficiency associated with Hodgkin's disease is probably not solely due to lymphocyte dysfunction, since the disease may lead, at least in the spleen, to alterations in macrophages and accessory cells and this may contribute to the impairment of cell-mediated immunity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2559.1988.tb02019.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hamartomas of the spleen: a study of 20 biopsy cases (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Histopathology 14 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2559
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Twenty hamartomas of the spleen were studied by histological, immuno- and enzyme-histochemical methods. In all cases nodules of varying size resembling proliferation of splenic red pulp structures were present that exhibited considerable morphological variation with regard to plasmacytosis, extramedullary haematopoiesis and phagocytic activity of macrophages. Splenic red pulp structures could be identified by immuno- and enzyme-histochemical markers reacting with sinus endothelium, including Factor VIII related antigen, proteinase inhibitors and nonspecific esterases. In conjunction with the absence of organized lymphoid tissue and of dendritic reticulum cells these studies allow the differentiation of splenic hamartomas from haemangiomas that may possess a deceptively similar morphological appearance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2559.1989.tb02201.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Validation of immunolocalization of the urokinase receptor expression in ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast: comparison with detection by non-isotopic in-situ hybridization (2000)
    Oxford, U.K. and Cambridge, USA : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Histopathology 36 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2559
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Aims: Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is a pre-invasive form of mammary carcinoma with no microscopic evidence of cancer cell invasion through the basement membrane. However, for initiation of invasion, tumour cells have to acquire and focus proteolytic activity on to the cell surface in order to infiltrate the surrounding extracellular matrix. The receptor (uPA-R or CD87) for the serine protease urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) plays a central role in invasion and metastasis. This study was performed to determine and localize m-RNA and protein of uPA-R in ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast.〈section xml:id="abs1-1"〉〈title type="main"〉Methods and resultsWe analysed uPA-R mRNA and protein expression by in-situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry, respectively, in 50 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded specimens of DCIS. Three different antibodies were used to stain cell-associated uPA-R; chicken polyclonal antibody (pAb) HU277 and monoclonal antibodies (mAb) IID7 and 3936. In all cases, myoepithelial and stromal cells reacted with either antibody. Especially, reaction of macrophage-like cells with mAb 3936 resulted in a well-marked and bright staining. Applying mAb IID7, in 46 of the 50 breast specimens tumour cells showed a positive immunoreaction. Likewise pAb HU277 stained tumour cells in 40 of the 50 cases, whereas mAb 3936 reacted with only 24 of the 50 tissue sections. Endothelial cells were marked by both mAb IID7 and pAb HU277 (46/50 and 35/50, respectively); mAb 3936 did not label at all. All of the cell types stained by mAb IID7 and pAb HU277 also displayed reactivity with uPA-R mRNA-specific antisense oligonucleotides in in-situ hybridization.〈section xml:id="abs1-2"〉〈title type="main"〉ConclusionsOur results reveal the presence of the tumour invasion-related receptor for the protease uPA not only in invasive ductal breast carcinoma but also in different types of DCIS.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2559.2000.00899.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Säurefeste Spindelkörper in der menschlichen Milz (1975)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 368 (1975), S. 205-212 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Säurefeste Spindelkörperchen wurden bisher nur in Lymphknoten beobachtet. Ihre Natur und ihre Ätiologie blieben unklar. Wir fanden sie auch in der menschlichen Milz. Ihr färberisches Verhalten und die Beziehungen zwischen ihrem Auftreten und dem Lebensalter, dem Geschlecht und dem Milzgewicht sowie zu bestimmten Krankheitsgruppen und Hämosiderinablagerungen wurden untersucht. Sie waren in 50% der Milzen bei hereditärer Sphärocytose und in 41,7 % der Milzen mit traumatischer Ruptur nachweisbar, dagegen nur in 2,3% aller anderen untersuchten Fälle verschiedener anderer Erkrankungen. Aus unseren Ergebnissen können wir schließen, 1. daß die säurefesten Spindelkörperchen aus Ceroid bestehen, 2. daß sie keine Erreger darstellen und somit keine Rolle für die Ätiologie der Sarkoidose spielen, 3. daß sie bei verstärktem Erythrocytenabbau gebildet werden können, 4. daß sie wahrscheinlich durch oxydative Polymerisation von Membranlipiden entstehen, 5. daß sie auch ohne Fettstoffwechselstörungen auftreten können.
    Notes: Summary Spindle-shaped acid-fast bodies have been identified only in lymph nodes till now. Their nature and their origin remained unclear. We have also found these bodies in the human spleen. Their staining reactions and their correlations to age, sex, weight of spleen, and to hemosiderin deposits were examined. They have been encountered in 50% of cases of hereditary spherocytosis and in 41.7% of cases of traumatic rupture of the spleen—but only in 2.3% of all other cases of groups of various other disorders. We conclude from our results that: 1. The spindle-shaped acid-fast bodies are made of ceroid. 2. They are not causative organisms and therefore cannot be of importance in the etiology of sarcoidosis. 3. They derive from increased destruction of erythrocytes. 4. They originate due to oxidative polymerization of membrane lipids. 5. They may also be found in absence of any fat-metabolism disturbance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00432523
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphological and immunohistochemical studies of Hodgkin's disease in the spleen (1989)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 415 (1989), S. 429-436 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Hodgkin's disease ; Immunohistochemistry ; Microenvironment ; Spleen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Hodgkin's disease in the spleen - with the exception of its B cell variant - behaves quite differently from non Hodgkin's lymphomas with respect to both its spread and microenvironment. Each type of HD appears to create its own microenvironment by the secretion of cytokines responsible for the characteristic cellular composition of the infiltrates and thereby alters the normal immunoarchitecture of the spleen profoundly. While some histological findings seem to imply the presence of a host response against HD especially in the nodular sclerosis subtype, morphological and immunohistochemical evidence in the spleen cannot conclusively substantiate this hypothesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00747744
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Zur Ätiologie von Fibrinpräcipitaten in den Lymphfollikeln der menschlichen Milz (1972)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 356 (1972), S. 32-41 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Fibrinpräcipitate in Milzfollikeln sind ein häufiger morphologischer Befund. Da ihre Bedeutung jedoch weitgehend ungeklärt war, wurde anhand von 359 menschlichen Milzen nach Koinzidenzen mit anderen krankhaften Befunden gesucht. Mit dem Auftreten von „Follikelfibrin“ waren folgende Befunde korreliert: „Gewebsschädigung infolge Ischämie“, „schwere Allgemeininfektionen und septische Krankheitsbilder“, „Kachexie bei Carcinomen“, „Zustand nach länger zurückliegender Appendektomie“ und „Hirndrucksteigerung unterschiedlicher Ätiologie“. Das statistische Verhalten unserer Ergebnisse, die chemische Zusammensetzung der Präcipitate sowie ihre experimentelle Auslösbarkeit durch Immunisierung mit Diphtherietoxoid weisen darauf hin, daß sie vorwiegend morphologischer Ausdruck eines immunologischen Geschehens sind. Da das „Follikelfibrin“ jedoch auch beim experimentellen Sanarelli-Shwartzman-Phänomen gefunden wurde, scheint die Ätiologie dieser Präcipitate nicht einheitlich zu sein.
    Notes: Summary Fibrin deposition in the splenic nodular white pulp is a common morphological finding. The etiology of this phenomenon, however, is not clearly understood. This paper presents an effort to correlate splenic fibrin precipitates to other pathological findings at autopsy by statistical analysis. The following diseases showed a positive statistical correlation to fibrin deposition in the human spleen: ischemic tissue lesions, wasting infections, cachexia of cancer, post-appendectomy status (1 year and longer), and increased intracranial pressure of different etiology. The results of this statistical analysis, the chemical composition of fibrin precipitates and the possibility of evoking them experimentally by immunization with diphtheria toxoid suggest that fibrin deposits in splenic nodular white pulp are a morphological equivalent of an immunological process. Since these deposits occur as well in the experimental Shwartzman phenomenon, it cannot be excluded that heterogenous sources may cause the same lesion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00543555
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enzymhistochemische, histometrische und ultrastrukturelle Untersuchungen von Milzen bei der Vinylchlorid-Krankheit (1977)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 375 (1977), S. 303-317 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Vinylchloride-disease ; Splenomegaly ; Electron microscopy ; Enzyme histochemistry ; Morphometrics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Durch histometrische, enzymhistochemische und elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchungen konnte nachgewiesen werden, da\ die pathologischen MilzverÄnderungen bei der Vinylchlorid-Krankheit nicht durch hepatisch bedingte Pfortaderdruckerhöhung verursacht werden, sondern auf einer Gewebsalteration durch das Vinylchlorid oder dessen Metabolite beruhen. Dabei sind vor allem die faserbildenden Zellen der Milz beteiligt. Faserassoziierte Reticulumzellen in der roten Pulpa und fibroblastische Reticulumzellen in der wei\en Pulpa werden zu übermÄ\iger Bindegewebsneubildung stimuliert. Hierdurch kommt es in der roten Pulpa zur bindegewebigen Verödung der FiltrationsrÄume mit einer Reduzierung der Pulpastrangmakrophagen und in der wei\en Pulpa zu einer Vernarbung der periarteriellen Lymphscheiden. Die Folgen dieser Fibrosierungsprozesse sind charakteristische VerÄnderungen in der quantitativen Zusammensetzung der Gewebskomponenten, die sich deutlich von denjenigen in Milzen bei Lebercirrhose und Milzvenenthrombose unterscheiden.
    Notes: Summary By means of histometric, enzyme histochemical, and electron microscopic investigations it was demonstrated that the pathological changes in the spleen in vinylchloride-disease are primary. Fibroblastic cells are the only specific splenic cells involved. Fibre-associated reticulum cells of the red pulp and fibroblastic reticulum cells in white pulp are stimulated to produce excessive amounts of the extracellular elements of connective tissue, especially collagen fibrils. The newly formed connective tissue causes obliteration of extracellular blood channels in the red pulp and thus a reduction in the number of pulp-cord macrophages, and scarring of the periarterial lymphatic sheaths. The results of this fibrosing process are characteristic quantitative changes in the splenic histologic structures. These changes are different from those structural alterations occuring in spleens following extrasplenic hemodynamic changes, such as thrombosis of the splenic veins or cirrhosis of the liver.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00427061
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphologische und fermenthistochemische Untersuchungen zur Abgrenzung der Sinuswandzellen an Schnittpräparaten der menschlichen Milz (1966)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 341 (1966), S. 307-316 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Frozen and paraffin embedded sections of human splenic tissue were analyzed cytologically and enzyme histochemically (α-naphthyl-acetate esterase, naphtholAS-acetate esterase, naphthol-AS-D-chloroacetate esterase, acid and alkaline phosphatase) with special attention given to the littoral cells. These cells lining the sinuses show strong naphthol-AS-acetate esterase activity and little or noα-naphthyl-acetate esterase activity. Thus, they can be differentiated from other so-called reticulo-endothelial cells found in the spleen, lymph nodes and bone marrow. The morphology and enzyme-histochemistry of littoral cells probably differentiate them as a distinct cell type of the human spleen.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung An Schnittpräparaten menschlicher Milzen wurden cytologische und fermentcytochemische Untersuchungen (α-Naphthyl-acetat-Esterase, Naphthol-AS-acetat-Esterase, Naphthol-AS-D-chloracetat-Esterase sowie saure und alkalische Phosphatase) durchgeführt. Dabei fand sich, daß die Sinuswandzellen eine sehr typische Morphologie besitzen und, im Gegensatz zu den Reticulumzellen anderer Provenienz, reichlich Naphthol-AS-acetat-Esterase, hingegen nur wenig α-Naphthyl-acetat-Esterase und saure Phosphatase enthalten. Die Sinuswandzellen sind somit eine gut zu definierende und eindeutig von den übrigen sog. reticulo-endothelialen Zellen in Milz, Lymphknoten, Knochenmark und Leber zu trennende Zellgruppe und als solche eine besonders differenzierte, möglicherweise für die Milz des Menschen typische Zellform.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00956871
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Splenic haematopoiesis in patients with cirrhosis of the liver (1987)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 411 (1987), S. 179-183 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Cirrhosis of the liver ; Extramedullary haematopoiesis ; Spleen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Hitherto it has generally been assumed that splenic haematopoiesis in adult humans occurs very infrequently and is predominantly associated with haematological disorders. In the present study of patients with cirrhosis of the liver, a marked splenic haematopoiesis was a constant finding. Moreover, low-level splenic erythro- and granulopoiesis was highly prevalent even in haematologically normal controls, while splenic thrombopoiesis was conspicuously absent in both groups. We suggest that splenic haematopoiesis results from entrapment and proliferation of circulating haematopoietic precursor cells in the splenic red pulp. This would account for the presence of splenic haematopoiesis in normal controls as well as in patients with cirrhosis of the liver. In the latter, stimulation of bone marrow haematopoiesis and increased splenic pooling of haematopoietic precursor cells may contribute to the marked increase of splenic haematopoiesis observed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00712742
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Palmar fibromatosis (Dupuytren's contracture) (1984)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 405 (1984), S. 41-53 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Fibromatosis ; Dupuytren's contracture ; Myofibroblast ; Ultrastructure ; Histochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Forty three cases of palmar fibromatosis were studied by light and electron microscopy, enzyme histochemistry, and ultrastructural immunohistochemistry. By electron microscopy most of the cells composing the nodules in both the proliferative and the involutional stages were identical to myofibroblasts. The myofibroblasts in the involutional nodules often possessed microfilament aggregates probably representing contraction of micro(actin)fllaments in the cytoplasm. The proliferative nodules revealed small perivascular haemorrhages and haemosiderin deposits accompanied by accumulation of macrophages and some lymphocytes; these inflammatory cells possibly secrete a certain growth factor inducing proliferation of genetically abnormal fibroblasts and myofibroblasts. Diaminopeptidase IV was detected in myofibroblasts and fibroblasts by enzyme histochemistry and ultrastructural immunohistochemistry; the enzyme may play a role in the metabolism of intercellular substances. Some perivascular mesenchymal cells, interpreted as variants of myofibroblasts, had moderate activity of alkaline phosphatase.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00694924
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