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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Urine interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 in children with acute pyelonephritis, in relation to DMSA scintigraphy in the acute phase and at 1-year follow-up (1994)
    Springer
    Pediatric radiology 24 (1994), S. 513-515 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1998
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The relationship between urine interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-8 (IL-8)/creatinine quotients and99mTc-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) scintigraphy, performed within 10 days of acute first-time pyelonephritis and after 1 year, was studied in 41 children. The urine IL-6 and IL-8/creatinine quotients were also related to the urineN-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) and albumin/creatinine quotients. Presence of DMSA uptake defects, reflecting local inflammation, in children in the acute phase of pyelonephritis, were associated with elevated urine IL-6/creatinine quotients (median 27 pg/μmol); in children without DMSA changes there was no increase in quotients (median non-detectable) (P〈0.05). Persistent DMSA changes at the 1-year follow-up, probably reflecting renal scarring, were only seen in children with increased urine IL-6/creatinine quotients in the acute phase (P〈0.01). No correlation was found between urine IL-8 and DMSA uptake defects. Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) at 6–8 weeks did not correlate with the urine cytokine levels in the acute phase. The urine excretion of NAG and albumin, reflecting renal dysfunction, was associated with values of both urine IL-6 and IL-8/creatinine quotients, but not with DMSA defects or VUR. Thus, the initial urine IL-6/creatinine quotients might be used as an indicator of risk for persistent renal damage in acute pyelonephritis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02015016
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Elevated cytokine levels in tracheobronchial aspirate fluids from ventilator treated neonates with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (1996)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 155 (1996), S. 112-116 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Key words Bronchopulmonary ; dysplasia ; Tracheobronchial aspirate ; Interleukins ; Cytokines
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a chronic lung disease often occurring in ventilator-treated very low birth weight infants. The aetiology of BPD is multifactorial and pulmonary immaturity, high oxygen concentrations, peak inspiratory pressure levels and large tidal volumes during prolonged mechanical ventilation are important factors. We measured in tracheobronchial aspirate fluid (TAF) the concentrations of the pro-inflammatory cytokines tumour necrosis factor α, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, IL-8, and IL-1 receptor antagonist in infants requiring artificial ventilation for BPD (n = 17) or respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) (n = 15) or postoperatively after surgery (n = 15). The median levels of all studied cytokines in TAF were higher in infants with BPD without local or systemic corticosteroid treatment compared to the median TAF levels of BPD neonates treated with corticosteroids (P = 0.06–P 〈 0.01). The neonates with BPD not treated with corticosteroids also showed higher levels of the five studied cytokines in TAF compared to infants on short-time ventilator treatment (P 〈 0.01–P 〈 0.001) and compared to neonates with RDS (P = 0.07–P 〈 0.001). The corticosteroid treated neonates with BPD had TAF cytokine levels approaching those of the control neonates. Conclusion Tumour necrosis factors α, IL-1β, IL6, IL8 and IL1ra were markedly elevated in tracheobronchial aspirate fluids from neonates with bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Corticoid treatment seemed to reduce these levels.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004310050386
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Glycaemic effect and satiating capacity of potato chips and milk chocolate bar as snacks in teenagers with diabetes (1993)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 152 (1993), S. 635-639 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Glycaemic effect ; Carbohydrates ; High fat ; Diabetes mellitus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In 14 adolescents with diabetes, the postprandial blood glucose, after ingestion of two popular snacks, milk chocolate bar and potato chips, was compared to a prescribed mid-afternoon snack that was isocaloric with the comparison snacks. The prescribed diabetes snack consisted of wholemeal wheat bread, margarine, cheese and apple (1533 kJ/365 kcal): 14% protein, 32% fat and 54% carbohydrate. The milk chocolate bar and the potato chips contained 4% protein, 55% fat and 41% carbohydrate. The mean blood glucose peak was 4.7 (±0.8) mmol/l after the regular diabetes snack, after the milk chocolate bar 2.9 (±0.6) mmol/l, and 3.2 (±0.6) mmol/l after the potato chips (P〉0.05). The mean incremental area under the blood glucose curve was 450.3 (±105.5) mmol/l×180 min for the regular diabetes snack, 269.5 (±96.7) mmol/l×180 min for the milk chocolate bar and 191.7 (±95.0) mmol/l×180 min for the potato chips (P〉0.05). We conclude that an occasional isocaloric amount of milk chocolate bar or potato chips has no negative impact on the postprandial blood glucose.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01955237
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Elevated cytokine levels in tracheobronchial aspirate fluids from ventilator treated neonates with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (1996)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 155 (1996), S. 112-116 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia ; Tracheobronchial aspirate ; Interleukins ; Cytokines
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Abstract Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a chronic lung disease often occurring in ventilator-treated very low birth weight infants. The aetiology of BPD is multifactorial and pulmonary immaturity, high oxygen concentrations, peak inspiratory pressure levels and large tidal volumes during prolonged mechanical ventilation are important factors. We measured in tracheobronchial aspirate fluid (TAF) the concentrations of the pro-inflammatory cytokines tumour necrosis factor α, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, IL-8, and IL-1 receptor antagonist in infants requiring artificial ventilation for BPD (n=17) or respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) (n=15) or postoperatively after surgery (n=15). The median levels of all studied cytokines in TAF were higher in infants with BPD without local or systemic corticosteroid, treatment compared to the median TAF levels of BPD neonates treated with corticosteroids (P=0.06−P〈0.01). The neonates with BPD not treated with corticosteroids also showed higher levels of the five studied cytokines in TAF compared to infants on short-time ventilator treatment (P〈0.01−P〈0.001) and compared to neonates with RDS (P=0.07−P〈0.001). The corticosteroid treated neonates with BPD had TAF cytokine levels approaching those of the control neonates. Conclusion Tumour necrosis factors α, IL-1β, IL6, IL8 and IL 1 ra were markedly elevated in tracheobronchial aspirate fluids from neonates with bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Corticoid treatment seemed to reduce these levels.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02075762
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    P-fimbriae studies on the diagnosis and prevention of acute pyelonephritis (1985)
    Springer
    Infection 13 (1985), S. S202 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Theoretisch gibt es verschiedene Möglichkeiten, die durch P-Fimbrien-tragendeEscherichia coli verursachte Pyelonephritis und renale Narbenbildung zu verhüten. Ein Screening auf Risikopersonen, beispielsweise die jenigen, die mit P-Fimbrien-tragenden pyelonephritogenenE. coli besiedelt sind oder deren uroepitheliale Zellen eine hohe Rezeptordichte haben, könnte vielleicht eine Gruppe definieren, bei der eine Impfung mit einem Rezeptor-Analogon oder mit P-Fimbrien wichtig wäre. Epidemiologische Maßnahmen auf Neugeborenen- und Entbindungsstationen könnten die nosokomiale Verbreitung von virulenten Bakterien verhüten und die Anzahl besiedelter Säuglinge vermindern. Jedoch ist bisher für keine der genannten Methoden der Beweis der klinischen Effizienz erbracht, und derzeit ist es immer noch entscheidend, konventionelle Methoden einzusetzen, um, wie wir es immer getan haben, frühzeitig die Diagnose zu stellen und den Patienten ohne Verzug zu behandeln.
    Notes: Summary Theoretically there are several ways to prevent pyelonephritis and renal scarring caused by P-fimbriatedEscherichia coli. Screening for individuals at risk, e.g. those carrying P-fimbriated pyelonephritogenicE. coli or those with high receptor density on their uroepithelial cells, could perhaps define a population where prophylaxis with a receptor analogue or vaccination with P-fimbriae may be relevant. Epidemiological measures in neonatal and maternity wards may prevent the nosocomial spread of virulent bacteria and reduce the number of colonized infants. However, no such methods have so far had any proven clinical relevance, and today, the important concern is still to try by conventional means — as we have always done — to get an early diagnosis and to treat the patient without delay.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01644431
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Epidemiological aspects of fecal colonization with P-fimbriated Escherichia coli in neonates (1987)
    Springer
    Infection 15 (1987), S. 25-31 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Durch fäkale Kolonisation Neugeborener mit P-Fimbrien tragendenEscherichia coli traten auf der Neugeborenenstation des Danderyd Hospital Epidemien extraintestinalerE. coli-Infektionen auf. Daher wurde über einen Zeitraum von zweieinhalb Jahren die aerobe Darmflora bei 1955 im Danderyd Hospital geborenen Neugeborenen untersucht. Bei 58% der Kinder der Entbindungsstation und bei 57% der Kinder der Neugeborenenstation wurdenE. coli im Stuhl nachgewiesen. P-Fimbrien tragendeE. coli fanden sich bei 12% der Kinder der Entbindungsstationen und bei 17% der Kinder der Neugeborenenstationen (p〈0,01). Die Inzidenz von mitE. coli kolonisierten Kindern, vor allem aber der Kolonisation mit P-Fimbrien tragendenE. coli, nahm mit der Verweildauer auf der Neugeborenenstation signifikant zu. Es bestand außerdem eine statistisch signifikante Korrelation zwischen Belegdichte und Kolonisation mit P-Fimbrien tragendenE. coli (r=0,46; p〈0,01) während der Untersuchungsphase. Wir nehmen an, daß die in unserer Studie festgestellte Inzidenz von 10 bis 20% P-Fimbrien tragendenE. coli unter den aus Stuhlproben isoliertenE. coli-Stämmen die Basisinzidenz repräsentiert.
    Notes: Summary Fecal colonization with P-fimbriatedEscherichia coli has caused epidemic outbreaks of extraintestinalE. coli infections in the neonatal unit of Danderyd Hospital. The aerobic fecal flora was therefore studied in 1,955 newborn children born at Danderyd Hospital during a period of 2.5 years.E. coli was found in 58% of the maternity ward children and in 57% of the neonatal unit children. A P-fimbriated strain was found in 12% and 17% of the children, respectively (p〈0.01). There was a significant increase in the frequency of children colonized withE. coli, and especially P-fimbriatedE. coli, with length of stay in the neonatal unit. There was a statistical correlation between bed occupancy and colonization with P-fimbriatedE. coli (r=0.46, p〈0.01) during this study period. We found an incidence of P-fimbriatedE. coli of 10 to 20% among theE. coli strains isolated from the fecal specimens which we regard as the baseline incidence.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01646114
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intestinal colonization withClostridium difficile in infants up to 18 months of age (1989)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases 8 (1989), S. 390-393 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-4373
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The faecal colonization withClostridium difficile was investigated among 343 infants during their first 18 months of life. Rectal swabs were taken at the ages of 6 days, 6 weeks, 6 months, 11 months and 18 months. About 25 % of the children were colonized withClostridium difficile between 6 days and 6 months of age. The colonization rate decreased to 3 % at 18 months of age. The rate of strains producing cytotoxin was low in infants less than 6 months of age, but at that age about half of the strains isolated were toxin-producing. Breast-fed children were significantly less often colonized withClostridium difficile than were bottle-fed infants, both at 6 weeks of age (21 % versus 47 %, p〈0.05) and at 6 months of age (19 % versus 39 %, p〈0.001). Colonization withClostridium difficile at 6 months of age was associated with a greater frequency of diarrhoeal disease between 6 and 11 months of age (27 % versus 16 %, p〈0.05). This association was even more pronounced when the bacteria persisted at 11 months of age (54 %, p〈0.01). Antibiotic therapy could not be demonstrated to influence colonization withClostridium difficile at any age.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01964052
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    P-fimbriae studies on the diagnosis and prevention of acute pyelonephritis (1985)
    Springer
    Infection 13 (1985), S. 159-162 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Theoretisch gibt es verschiedene Möglichkeiten, die durch P-Fimbrien-tragendeEscherichia coli verursachte Pyelonephritis und renale Narbenbildung zu verhüten. Ein Screening auf Risikopersonen, beispielsweise diejenigen, die mit P-Fimbrien-tragenden pyelonephritogenenE. coli besiedelt sind oder deren uroepitheliale Zellen eine hohe Rezeptordichte haben, könnte vielleicht eine Gruppe definieren, bei der eine Impfung mit einem Rezeptor-Analogon oder mit P-Fimbrien wichtig wäre. Epidemiologische Maßnahmen auf Neugeborenen- und Entbindungsstationen könnten die nosokomiale Verbreitung von virulenten Bakterien verhüten und die Anzahl besiedelter Säuglinge vermindern. Jedoch ist bisher für keine der genannten Methoden der Beweis der klinischen Effizienz erbracht, und derzeit ist es immer noch entscheidend, konventionelle Methoden einzusetzen, um, wie wir es immer getan haben, frühzeitig die Diagnose zu stellen und den Patienten ohne Verzug zu behandeln.
    Notes: Summary Theoretically there are several ways to prevent pyelonephritis and renal scarring caused by P-fimbriatedEscherichia coli. Screening for individuals at risk, e.g. those carrying P-fimbriated pyelonephritogenicE. coli or those with high receptor density on their uroepithelial cells, could perhaps define a population where prophylaxis with a receptor analogue or vaccination with P-fimbriae may be relevant. Epidemiological measures in neonatal and maternity wards may prevent the nosocomial spread of virulent bacteria and reduce the number of colonized infants. However, no such methods have so far had any proven clinical relevance, and today, the important concern is still to try by conventional means — as we have always done — to get an early diagnosis and to treat the patient without delay.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01642881
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fecal colonization with P-fimbriated escherichia coli as a predictor of acute pyelonephritis in infancy — A prospective study (1988)
    Springer
    Infection 16 (1988), S. 267-268 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Bedeutung der fäkalen Kolonisation mit P-Fimbrien tragendenEscherichia coli-Stämmen für das spätere Auftreten einer Pyelonephritis wurde bei Säuglingen unter 11 Monaten geprüft. Im Gegensatz zu vorausgegangenen Studien war die fäkale Kolonisation mit P-Fimbrien tragendenE. coli nicht mit einer erhöhten Inzidenz an akuter Pyelonephritis assoziiert.
    Notes: Summary The importance of fecal colonization with P-fimbriatedEscherichia coli for the later development of pyelonephritis was studied among infants before the age of 11 months. In contrast to previous studies, the fecal colonization with a P-fimbriatedE. coli strain did not increase the incidence of acute pyelonephritis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01645067
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Colonization and persistence of Escherichia coli phenotypes in the intestines of children aged 0 to 18 months (1986)
    Springer
    Infection 14 (1986), S. 7-12 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Das Ziel der vorliegenden Studie war, die Darmbesiedelung Neugeborener mitEscherichia coli zu untersuchen und zu prüfen, welche Stämme sich im menschlichen Darm dauerhaft ansiedeln. Durch wiederholte Entnahme von Proben während der ersten 11 oder 18 Lebensmonate wurde dieE. coli-Flora von 89 Neugeborenen untersucht. Die phänotypische Unterteilung derE. coli-Isolate erfolgte mit Hilfe der biochemischen Fingerprint-Methode, die die Kinetik von 24 ausgewählten biochemischen Tests zur Differenzierung von Bakterienstämmen erfaßt. Es zeigte sich, daßE. coli-Stämme, die die Kinder kurz nach der Geburt besiedeln, länger persistieren als Stämme, die sich später ansiedeln. Vor allem die als Hospitalstämme definierten Phänotypen persistieren länger. Häufig fanden sich bei den Kindern bestimmte Phänotypen, die länger persistierten und in ihrem biochemischen Aktivitätsmuster homogener waren als andere Phänotypen. Es ist möglich, daß sie für die Kolonisation des menschlichen Darmes besonders angepaßt sind. Aus der langdauernden Persistenz derE. coli-Stämme, die als erste ein Neugeborenes besiedeln, ist zu schließen, daß die bakterielle Erstbesiedelung eines Kindes ein zu wichtiges Ereignis ist, als daß man dies dem Zufall überlassen dürfte.
    Notes: Summary The aim of the present investigation was to study the intestinal colonization ofEscherichia coli in newborn children, and to determine which strains become residential within the human intestine. TheE. coli flora of 89 newborn children was studied by repeated sampling during their first 11 or 18 months of life. TheE. coli isolates from the samples were subdivided into phenotypes by the aid of biochemical finger-printing, a method which measures the kinetics of 24 selected biochemical tests as a tool for discriminating bacterial strains. It was found thatE. coli strains colonizing children soon after birth persisted longer than strains colonizing them later. Especially those phenotypes which were defined as hospital strains persisted longer. Certain phenotypes were commonly found among the children, and these phenotypes were more persistent and more homogeneous than other phenotypes with respect to their pattern of biochemical activities. They might be specially adapted to colonize the human intestine. It was concluded that the generally long persistence of the firstE. coli strains colonizing a newborn child indicates that the first case of bacterial colonization in children may be an event too important to be allowed to happen at random.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01644802
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