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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Livedo reticularis in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus and anticardiolipin antibodies (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical and experimental dermatology 18 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2230
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: This report describes a case of livedo reticularis associated with increased titres of anticardiolipin antibodies (aCL) in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus. A 38-year-old woman presented with fever, malaise, arthritis and livedo reticularis in a severe form. Antibodies to native DNA and an increased level of aCL were found. A significant positive correlation exists between livedo reticularis and elevated serum antiphospholipid activity in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. aCL are shown to play a possible pathogenetic role in thrombotic events. This suggests that thrombosis is the underlying cause of livedo in these patients. A biopsy performed in a patient at the site where livedo was most marked showed no evidence of thrombi. It is postulated that the mechanism of livedo in lupus patients with aCL consists of both thrombosis and dysfunction in the regulation of the tone of the peripheral vascular bed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2230.1993.tb01002.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cardiac ion channels and antihistamines: possible mechanisms of cardiotoxicity (1999)
    Oxford BSL : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 29 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Despite the enormous success of second generation antihistamines, in the mid-1980s, about 10 years after their introduction in the market, several reports appeared in the literature indicating the rare occurrence of a form of polymorphic ventricular dysrhythmia, the ‘torsade de pointes’, after the administration of astemizole or terfenadine. This cardiac side-effect has been interpreted as a consequence of the interference of these drugs with cardiac K+ channels involved in action potential repolarization, and in particular with the IKr component of the cardiac repolarizing current. As the K+ channels encoded by the human ether-a-gogo-related gene (HERG) seem to represent the molecular basis of IKr, this cardiac K+ channel was soon recognized as a primary target for second generation antihistamine-induced proarrhythmic effects. In fact, both terfenadine and astemizole have been shown to block HERG K+ channels in a concentration range similar to that found in the plasma of subjects with cardiotoxic manifestations. However, no correlation can be found between the ability to prolong the cardiac action potential duration and the H1-antagonistic activity by several antihistamines, suggesting that HERG blockade and cardiotoxic potential are not class properties of second generation antihistamines. In fact, other molecules such as cetirizine, loratadine, acrivastine, and fexofenadine seem to lack both cardiotoxic potential and HERG-blocking ability at therapeutically relevant concentrations. The marked heterogeneity displayed by second generation antihistamines in their ability to prolong the cardiac action potential duration and to block HERG K+ channels might be of considerable therapeutical significance for those patients at risk of developing cardiac dysrhythmias and in need of therapy with H1-receptor blockers; it also emphasizes the importance of an evaluation of the possible blockade of HERG K+ channels during the early developmental phases of novel compounds belonging to this therapeutical class.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2222.1999.0290s3182.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacological modulation of human mast cells and basophils (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 32 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2222.2002.01535.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Loratadine and desethoxylcarbonyl-loratadine inhibit the immunological release of mediators from human FcɛRI+cells (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 27 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background Loratadine, a novel histamine H1-receptor antagonist, is effective in the treatment of patients with seasonal and perennial rhinitis and some allergic skin disorders. Histamine and other chemical mediators are synthesized and immunologically released by human peripheral blood basophils and tissue mast cells (FcɛRI+ cells).Objective To evaluate the effects of loratadine and its main metabolite, desethoxylcarbonyl-loratadine (des-loratadine), on the immunological release of preformed (histamine and tryptase) and de novo synthesized mediators (leukotriene C4: LTC4 and prostaglandin D2: PGD2) from human FcɛRI+ cells.Methods Human FcɛRI+ cells purified from peripheral blood and from skin (HSMC) and lung tissue (HLMC) were preincubated with loratadine and des-loratadine before immunological challenge with Der p 1 antigen or anti-FcɛRI. The release of preformed mediators (histamine and tryptase) and de novo synthesized eicosanoids was evaluated in the supernatants of human FcRI+ cells.Results Preincubation (15m in, 37°C) of purified (36–74%) basophils with loratadine (3 × 10–6–10–4M) and des-loratadine before Der p 1 antigen or anti-FcɛRI challenge concentration-dependency (5–40%) inhibited the release of histamine and LTC4. Loratadine (3 × 10–6–l0–4M) and des-loratadine also inhibited (10–40%) histamine, LTC4, and PGD2 release from purified HLMC (16–68%) activated by anti-FcɛRI. Loratadine (3 × 10–6–10–4M) and des-loratadine caused concentration-dependent inhibition (10–40%) of histamine, tryptase. LTC4, and PGD2 release from purified HSMC (24– 72%) immunologically challenged with anti-FcɛRI.Conclusion These results indicate that loratadine and its main metabolite have anti- inflammatory activity by inhibiting the release of preformed and de novo synthesized mediators from human FcɛRI+ cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.1997.tb00745.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of Castration on the Expression of Neurotrophic Factors in the Vas Deferens and Accessory Genital Glands of the Rat (2005)
    Berlin, Germany : Blackwell Verlag GmbH
    Anatomia, histologia, embryologia 34 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0264
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Introduction:  Neurotrophic factors constitute a group of growth factor families, which have important effects on survival and differentiation of neuronal cells. The neurotrophin family is composed of nerve growth factor (NGF), brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), neurotrophin (NT)3 and NT 4/5. Neurotrophins act by means of high (TrkA, TrkB and TrkC) and low (p75) affinity receptors on numerous neuronal populations of central and peripheral nervous system. The family of glial derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) includes, besides the GDNF, neurturin (NTN), persephin (PSP) and artemin (ART). They bind to a common receptor Ret, but the binding specificity is due to a group of proteins (GFRα 1–4). These factors show a trophic effect on dorsal ganglia, motor neurons and autonomic nervous system. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the expression of NGF, BDNF and GDNF in the vas deferens and accessory genital glands of normal and castrated rats.Methods:  Immunohistochemistry, enzyme linked immunoassay (ELISA), reverse transcriptase (RT)-polymerase chain reaction (PCR).Results and Discussion:  Immunoreactivity to NGF, BDNF and GDNF was observed in all the investigated tracts. Generally, this immunoreactivity seemed to increase in castrated rats. ELISA and RT-PCR were performed to evaluate the levels of BDNF protein and its mRNA. In the normals, the greatest concentration of BDNF was observed in the vesicular gland, the lowest in the prostate. In the castrated, the BDNF concentration significantly decreased in the vas deferens. Conversely, it increased in the vesicular gland and in the ventral and dorsal prostate. BDNF transcripts were detected in both normal and castrated rats. These results suggest that neurotrophic factors are produced by the vas deferens and accessory genital glands and, in normal conditions, they are downregulated by androgens.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0264.2005.00669_76.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Highlights in cardiovascular effects of histamine and HI-receptor ansgonists (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Allergy 52 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Despite numerous studies, the cardiac actions of histamine are still obscure. Yet, histamine could probably be clinically relevant. It is stored in large amounts in human cardiac tissue, where it is contained in the cytoplasmatic granules of mast cells (1). Mast cells are present in normal human heart tissue; they are more abundant in diseased human heart tissue where they lie in close proximity to blood vessels and between myocytes (2, 3). The histamine content of human heart mast cells is comparable to the histamine content of lung parenchymal and skin mast cells (4). Ultrastructural studies confirmed the presence of mast cells around vessels and between myocytes (2). Consequently, these cells are easily accessible to circulating antigens, drugs and stimuli that activate the cells to release vasoactive mediators which in turn can exert significant cardiovascular effects (5–7).Histamine possesses arrhythmogenic effects and once locally released, may enhance automaticity and induce triggering activity resulting in severe tachyarrhythmias. The major arrhythmogenic effects of histamine consist in increasing sinus rate and ventricular automaticity, and in slowing atrioventricular conduction (8). In addition, histamine may interfere with depolarization and repolarization through its effects on calcium and potassium currents. These effects are mediated by H2-receptor (9). Therefore direct activation of histamine receptor can induce cardiac arrhythmias. Consequently, the interference of these histaminergic effects may explain, at least in part, the arrhythmogenic effects described for some second-generation antihistamines, such as terfenadine and astemizole (10–25).In this brief review we will discuss the cardiac effects of histamine in experimental animal models and in man, and will review data on the safety of the new second-generation antihistamines, focusing on their cardiotoxic effects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1398-9995.1997.tb04813.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Radioimmunoassay for ''free'' testosterone in human saliva
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Steroid Biochemistry 12 (1980), S. 513-516 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-4731
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0022-4731(80)90316-7
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    361. Plasma progesterone, testosterone, dihydrotestosterone and 17-β-oestradiol changes with age in man
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Steroid Biochemistry 9 (1978), S. 887 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-4731
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0022-4731(78)91061-0
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Alkyl chain homologs of platelet-activating factor and their effects on the mammalian heart
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 161 (1989), S. 1341-1347 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-291X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0006-291X(89)91390-9
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Non-invasive assessment of electrophysiological effects of histamine infusion in mam (1985)
    Springer
    Inflammation research 17 (1985), S. 42-45 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The electrophysiological changes induced by sequential infusion of histamine (H) (0.4 and 1.0 mcg/kg/min for 10 min each) were investigated by conventional ECG and High Resolution ECG (H.R.ECG). The latter permits external non-invasive recording of the potentials generated in the cardiac conduction system. H was infused i.v. in 5 normal volunteers with a mean age of 30 years. H infusions were begun with 0.4 mcg/kg/min and continued for 10 min. After a 60 min recovery period a second 10 min infusion (1 mcg/kg/min) was administered. In man H produced a dose-dependent increase in heart rate, a significant depression of the ST-T complex, and a depression in STJ point. The QRS complex duration was unmodified. H.R.ECG showed significant changes in the morphology and voltage of the atrial activity. The electrophysiological effects disappeared within a few minutes after discontinuing the infusions of H.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01966679
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