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  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (134)
  • 1995-1999  (134)
  • 1998  (134)
  • Magnetic resonance imaging  (133)
  • Inorganic Chemistry
  • Nuclear reactions
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  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (134)
Material
Years
  • 1995-1999  (134)
Year
Keywords
  • 101
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetic resonance imaging of the bone marrow in hematological malignancies (1998)
    Springer
    European radiology 8 (1998), S. 1335-1344 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: Hematology ; Bone marrow ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Despite its lack of specificity, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the bone marrow has the potential to play a role in the management of patients with primary neoplastic disorders of the hematopoietic system, including lymphomas, leukemias and multiple myeloma. In addition to its use in the assessment of suspected spinal cord compression, bone marrow MRI could be used as a prognostic method or as a technique to assess the response to treatment. The current review addresses the common patterns of bone marrow involvement observed in primary neoplasms of the bone marrow, basic technical principles of bone marrow MRI, and several applications of MRI in selected clinical situations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003300050548
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  • 102
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    MR imaging of a malignant schwannoma and an osteoblastoma with fluid-fluid levels. Report of two new cases (1998)
    Springer
    European radiology 8 (1998), S. 1359-1362 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: Bone neoplasms ; Soft tissue neoplasms ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Osteoblastoma ; Schwannoma ; Neurilemmoma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. One case of malignant schwannoma of the sacrum and another of occipital osteoblastoma were evaluated by MR imaging. Both tumors showed fluid-fluid levels with different signal intensities in the sequences performed. Pathologic examination revealed hemmorhagic fluid in both tumors. Malignant schwannoma and osteoblastoma should be included in the list of bone and soft-tissue with fluid-fluid levels. Our data confirm the non-specificity of this finding, which only suggests the presence of previous intratumoral hemorrhage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003300050552
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  • 103
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    MRI of the rectum: non-neoplastic disease (1998)
    Springer
    European radiology 8 (1998), S. 3-8 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: Rectum ; Diagnosis ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Congenital disorders ; Inflammatory diseases ; Vascular
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The rectum has become the most successful area of the gastrointestinal tract to be studied with MRI. Its anatomical location, fixed in the pelvic fat, and its lack of peristalsis, make it an ideal organ to be scanned with MRI. In addition, MRI allows a direct sagittal and coronal display, of key importance to colorectal surgeons whose terminology and approach are based on the coronal plane. The sagittal plane allows the depiction of the relation of the rectum to the sacrum, uterus and prostate, with detail not available by other imaging techniques, and the use of endorectal coils allows excellent demonstration of the rectal wall. Although MRI has been used primarily to study rectal carcinoma, other diseases, congenital, inflammatory and vascular in origin, can be studied using the correct technique.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003300050328
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  • 104
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gadolinium-DTPA enhancement of symptomatic nerve roots in MRI of the lumbar spine (1998)
    Springer
    European radiology 8 (1998), S. 116-122 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: Spine ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Nerves ; spinal ; Radiculitis ; Contrast media ; paramagnetic
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Disc prolapse presenting with sciatica may be associated with enhancement of the symptomatic nerve root following magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with intravenous gadolinium (Gd)-DTPA. Previous studies have shown, however, that this does not occur in all cases. The aim of this study was to assess the incidence of nerve root enhancement in patients with sciatica and disc prolapse and to try to identify any specific features that might be associated with the phenomenon. A total of 227 patients presenting with low back pain and/or sciatica underwent a MRI study of the lumbar spine with intravenous contrast enhancement. Nineteen of 81 (23.5 %) patients with disc prolapse demonstrated nerve root enhancement. Nerve root enhancement had a highly significant association with sequestrated disc lesions (13/19, 68 %; P 〈 0.0005), and was primarily seen in the symptomatic ipsilateral nerve root (16/19, 84 %). The sensitivity of nerve root enhancement associated with disc prolapse was 23.5 % with a specificity of 95.9 %, a positive predictive value of 76 % and a negative predictive value of 69.3 %. Nerve root enhancement may be indicative of the symptomatic level but its poor sensitivity negates the routine use of Gd-DTPA in MRI for sciatica.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003300050350
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  • 105
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Laryngeal embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma in a child: MRI appearance (1998)
    Springer
    European radiology 8 (1998), S. 1251-1253 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: Rhabdomyosarcoma ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Larynx
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. We report a rare case of a young girl with an embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma of the right aryepiglottic fold. Local disease recurrence, occurring 7 years after subtotal resection and adjuvant chemotherapy, was studied with plain radiography, CT and MRI. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report illustrating the MRI characteristics of a laryngeal embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma in a child.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003300050544
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  • 106
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intraosseous lipomata of adjacent vertebral bodies (1998)
    Springer
    European spine journal 7 (1998), S. 344-347 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0932
    Keywords: Key words Lipoma ; Computed tomography ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Radiography ; Vertebral
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Osseous lipomata of vertebral bodies are rare. We present a very unusual case where adjacent vertebrae are involved and the plain radiographic and scintigraphic appearances gave cause for some concern. The findings on plain films, scintigraphy, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s005860050086
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  • 107
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A kindred affected by cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 245 (1998), S. 217-222 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Key words Vascular dementia ; Dominant inheritance ; Cognition ; Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report a 2-year prospective neuropsychological study of five asymptomatic subjects with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) abnormalities from an Italian kindred affected by cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL). These subjects completed tests for attention capacities, processing speed, abstract thinking, short-term memory, learning and constructional praxis. Seven normal subjects matched for age and education, belonging to the same pedigree and not having MRI hyperintensities were examined as controls. The results did not show significant differences between asymptomatic subjects and normal controls. Cognitive performance of asymptomatic subjects did not deteriorate during a 2-year follow-up. Our findings suggest that, at this stage of the disease process, the presence of diffuse leukoencephalopathy does not imply subtle cognitive defects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004150050208
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  • 108
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The role of morpho-volumetric and memory correlations in the diagnosis of early Alzheimer dementia (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 245 (1998), S. 525-530 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Key words Alzheimer dementia ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Temporal lobe ; Amygdala ; High ; signal lesions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The aim of the present study was to assess selective atrophy of the temporal lobe and amygdala in the early stages of Alzheimer dementia (AD). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measurements and the presence of highsignal lesions (HSL) were analysed in 31 patients with mild to moderate probable AD and 22 controls. In the AD group, MRI findings were compared with cognitive variables and specific features of memory functions. Alzheimer patients showed a significant reduction in volumetric measurement compared with controls in the total volume (P 〈 0.01), temporal lobe (P 〈 0.01) and amygdala (P 〈 0.05). The temporal lobe/brain volume ratio was also significantly reduced in AD subjects (P 〈 0.05). Atrophy of temporal structures was significantly related to the degree of episodic and semantic memory impairment according to a material-specific effect. No significant correlations between amygdala and cognitive variables were found. The results of our study confirm the usefulness of measures of temporal lobe atrophy assessed with MRI in the diagnosis of AD. In contrast, HSL are relatively common in AD patients (12/31 cases) and were not related to volumetric findings, severity of dementia or functional disability.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004150050237
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  • 109
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Postpartum magnetic resonance imaging in a case of placenta accreta with intrauterine abscess formation (1998)
    Springer
    Archives of gynecology and obstetrics 262 (1998), S. 91-94 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0711
    Keywords: Key words: Placenta accreta ; Uterine abscess ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; CT scan ; Ultrasound
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The postpartum magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) appearance of a patient with placenta accreta and abscess formation is presented here and compared to the ultrasound and CT findings. The diagnosis was confirmed on histopathologic examination and cultures of the hysterectomy specimen. On MRI, the T1-weighted acquisitions showed an enlarged uterus of mildly heterogeneous but predominantly low signal intensity. The T2-weighted images demonstrated a heterogenous area of predominantly bright signal within the uterine body and fundus. In this case, MRI was more informative than ultrasound and non-contrast CT scan in the postpartum diagnosis of placenta accreta with abscess formation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004040050234
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  • 110
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    IV ventricle astrocytomas in childhood: clinicopathological features in 21 cases (1998)
    Springer
    Child's nervous system 14 (1998), S. 537-546 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-0350
    Keywords: Key words Fourth ventricle ; Brain stem ; Cerebellum ; Astrocytoma ; Brain neoplasms ; Craniotomy ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The authors conducted a study of 21 children with benign astrocytomas in the IV ventricle treated with radical tumor resection from 1982 through 1991. The purposes of this study were to identify the tumor origin and neural involvement, and to determine the natural history following surgical resection. Pathological studies showed that 18 were pilocytic astrocytomas (pure pilocytic in 12, mixed in 6), 2 fibrillary, and 1 gemistocytic. In the IV ventricle, 12 patients had a transependymal involvement of the floor (brain stem), 6 had an involvement of the wall (cerebellar peduncle), and 3 had involvement of both floor and wall. A gross total resection was performed in 9 patients, and the remaining 12 patients underwent a subtotal resection. All patients were followed without radiation therapy (RT) or chemotherapy. During a follow-up period of 6.5–15 years, all patients were alive. Eight patients suffered recurrence between five months and 66 months after diagnosis. Of these, five received RT for recurrence and had a complete response in all cases. The remaining 13 patients showed no evidence of disease and one had a stable residual tumor. The recurrence-free 5-year and 10-year survival rates were 62.5% and 57% respectively. Patients without brainstem involvement, with total resection, or with pure pilocytic astrocytoma had a better outcome than those with brain stem involvement, with subtotal resection, or with nonpilocytic or mixed histology. In summary, a great majority of benign IV ventricle astrocytomas involve the floor of the IV ventricle. It is often difficult to determine the origin of these tumors in most cases. Benign IV ventricle astrocytomas may not recur even after incomplete resection, and close observation without RT is recommended, although RT appears to be effective for these tumors when they recur.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003810050269
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  • 111
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optic atrophy as the first symptom in Hallervorden-Spatz syndrome (1998)
    Springer
    Child's nervous system 14 (1998), S. 135-138 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-0350
    Keywords: Key words Hallervorden-Spatz syndrome ; Optic atrophy ; Basal ganglia ; Iron deposits ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A 16-year-old boy with the classic or postinfantile type of Hallervorden-Spatz syndrome is described. Bilateral optic atrophy with visual loss but without retinal changes was the only presenting symptom. Mild cognitive impairment, behavioural disturbances and insidious extrapyramidal involvement appeared later. MRI showed marked symmetrical hypointensity of the globi pallidi and substantia nigra. This new observation suggests that the occurrence of optic atrophy in a patient with Hallervorden-Spatz syndrome should be regarded as noncoincidental and stresses the importance of an accurate neurological work-up in all adolescents with any unusual form of progressive optic atrophy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003810050196
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  • 112
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Slipped capital femoral epiphysis: a physeal lesion diagnosed by MRI, with radiographic and CT correlation (1998)
    Springer
    Skeletal radiology 27 (1998), S. 139-144 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Key words Slipped capital femoral epiphysis ; Physis ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Objective. To define and compare early lesions associated with slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT) and radiography. Design and patients. Thirteen patients with 15 symptomatic hips due to SCFE underwent radiography and MRI; CT was performed in 12 patients. SCFE was graded on radiographs, head/neck angles and qualitative changes were evaluated on CT, and morphologic/signal abnormalities were determined on MRI. Results. Physeal widening, apparent on T1-weighted MRI, was evident in every case of SCFE, including one presumed “pre-slip.” T2-weighted images demonstrated synovitis and marrow edema but obscured physeal abnormalities. CT head/neck angles ranged from 4–57° for symptomatic to 0–14° for asymptomatic hips. Physeal and metaphyseal changes were variably identified on both radiographs and CT in all cases of SCFE, but not in the pre-slip. Conclusion. MRI clearly delineates physeal changes of both pre-slip and SCFE, and demonstrates very early changes at a time when radiographs and CT may appear normal.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002560050353
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  • 113
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Parosteal osteoma of the iliac bone (1998)
    Springer
    Skeletal radiology 27 (1998), S. 161-163 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Key words Parosteal osteoma ; Iliac bone ; Computed tomography ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Partial regression
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  A 33-year-old patient with a 2-year history of intermittent pain in the right gluteal region and thigh presented with a large sclerotic lesion of the iliac bone. From the findings on radiography, scintigraphy, CT and MRI, a giant parosteal osteoma was suspected. The histological examination confirmed the diagnosis. Since the lesion was extensive it was observed with periodic follow-up examinations. At present, 5 years after the diagnosis, the patient is asymptomatic and imaging studies show that the lesion persists with reduction of sclerosis and size. The tumor was on the surface as well as intramedullary – only one other case with such a distribution is known to us – and it was also in the iliac bone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002560050357
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  • 114
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Subcutaneous granuloma annulare: radiologic appearance (1998)
    Springer
    Skeletal radiology 27 (1998), S. 266-270 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Key words Granuloma annulare ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Soft-tissue tumors ; Rheumatoid nodule ; Pseudo-rheumatoid nodule
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Objective. Granuloma annulare is an uncommon benign inflammatory dermatosis characterized by the formation of dermal papules with a tendency to form rings. There are several clinically distinct forms. The subcutaneous form is the most frequently encountered by radiologists, with the lesion presenting as a superficial mass. There are only a few scattered reports of the imaging appearance of this entity in the literature. We report the radiologic appearance of five cases of subcutaneous granuloma annulare. Design and patients. The radiologic images of five patients (three male, two female) with subcutaneous granuloma annulare were retrospectively studied. Mean patient age was 6.4 years (range, 2–13 years). The lesions occurred in the lower leg (two), foot, forearm, and hand. MR images were available for all lesions, gadolinium-enhanced imaging in three cases, radiographs in four, and bone scintigraphy in one. Results. Radiographs showed unmineralized nodular masses localized to the subcutaneous adipose tissue. The size range, in greatest dimension on imaging studies, was 1–4 cm. MR images show a mass with relatively decreased signal intensity on all pulse sequences, with variable but generally relatively well defined margins. There was extensive diffuse enhancement following gadolinium administration. Conclusion. The radiologic appearance of subcutaneous granuloma annulare is characteristic, typically demonstrating a nodular soft-tissue mass involving the subcutaneous adipose tissue. MR images show a mass with relatively decreased signal intensity on all pulse sequences and variable but generally well defined margins. There is extensive diffuse enhancement following gadolinium administration. Radiographs show a soft-tissue mass or soft-tissue swelling without evidence of bone involvement or mineralization. This radiologic appearance in a young individual is highly suggestive of subcutaneous granuloma annulare.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002560050379
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  • 115
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Orientation-dependent changes in MR signal intensity of articular cartilage: a manifestation of the “magic angle” effect (1998)
    Springer
    Skeletal radiology 27 (1998), S. 306-310 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Key words Joints ; Knee joints ; Cartilage ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Susceptibility effects
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Objective: To study magnetic resonance (MR) imaging pattern of normal hyaline articular cartilage in the knee joint with regard to the contribution of the “magic angle” effect to the MR signal. Design. Thirty-two healthy volunteers were imaged in a standard supine position in a 1.5-T unit using spin echo and gradient echo sequences. Nine volunteers were reimaged with the knee flexed. The signal behavior of the hyaline cartilage of the femoral condyles was evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively. The extended and flexed positions of the nine volunteers were compared. Results. A superficial and a deep hyperintense layer and a hypointense middle cartilage layer were observed. Segments of increased signal intensity were visible along the condyles; a magic angle effect on signal intensity was evident in the hypointense middle layer with both gradient echo and spin echo images. Conclusion. The MR signal behavior of hyaline cartilage is influenced by the alignment of the collagen fibers within the cartilage in relation to the magnetic field. Failure to recognize this effect may lead to inaccurate diagnosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002560050387
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  • 116
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cerebellitis presenting as acute hydrocephalus (1998)
    Springer
    Child's nervous system 14 (1998), S. 139-141 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-0350
    Keywords: Key words Cerebellitis ; Hydrocephalus ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A 14-year-old boy presented acutely with occipital headache, nausea and vomiting. MRI showed obstructive hydrocephalus and marked bilateral cerebellar swelling with increased signal on T2-weighted imaging. Following treatment with oral corticosteroids, the clinical and radiological signs resolved. The clinical course and radiological appearances were consistent with cerebellitis associated with a significant mass effect and hydrocephalus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003810050197
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  • 117
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diffuse bilateral thalamic astrocytomas as examined serially by MRI (1998)
    Springer
    Child's nervous system 14 (1998), S. 384-388 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-0350
    Keywords: Key words Diffuse astrocytoma ; Bilateral thalamic astrocytomas ; Computed tomography ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Hyperfractionated radiotherapy ; Chemotherapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report the case of a 13-year-old girl with diffuse bilateral thalamic astrocytomas. Incoordination was observed at the onset. Cranial computed tomography (CT) showed enlarged thalami, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed these lesions to be symmetrically enlarged with high intensity on the T2-weighted image. Owing to these atypical findings in the neuroimaging studies, we had difficulty in making the correct diagnosis of a brain tumor. After the diagnosis of diffuse bilateral thalamic astrocytomas was obtained, we performed hyperfractionated radiotherapy followed by chemotherapy. Radiation therapy was effective for a while, but the girl's condition deteriorated again and she died 8 months after admission. Although diffuse bilateral thalamic astrocytomas are difficult to diagnose because they do not resemble most other neoplasms on neuroimaging studies, pediatricians should keep this entity in mind in order to arrive at a precise and prompt diagnosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003810050250
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  • 118
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Choroid plexus cyst of the left lateral ventricle with intermittent blockage of the foramen of Monro, and initial invagination into the III ventricle in a child (1998)
    Springer
    Child's nervous system 14 (1998), S. 700-708 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-0350
    Keywords: Key words Choroid plexus cyst ; Lateral ventricle ; Intraventricular cyst ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; CT-stereoendoscopy ; Diomed 25 laser
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A cyst of the choroid plexus of the left lateral ventricle with intermittent blockage of the foramen of Monro and initially with invagination of the III ventricle in a child is described. In a 6-week-old boy a ventriculoatrial shunt was implanted for correction of an active asymmetrical hydrocephalus of unknown origin. When he was 3 months of age a water-soluble contrast CT ventriculography revealed a noncolloid cyst localised predominantly in the upper portion of the III ventricle. At that time the ventricular catheter obstructed with choroid plexus was removed; new bilateral catheters in a parieto-occipital region were implanted. In the course of the next 4 years, first the atrial catheter had to be extracted and then the peritoneal catheter was changed, in both cases because of obstruction. Periods of normal life alternated with periods of transient and intermittent symptoms of increased intracranial pressure, papilloedema, and myoclonic jerks. Repeated computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed stabilised hydrocephalus with an enlarged left lateral ventricle. When the boy was 16 years old MRI revealed a choroid plexus cyst in the left lateral ventricle 2 cm in diameter, with a ball-valve type of obstruction of the foramen of Monro. CT stereoendoscopic resection of the wall of a large cyst filled with cerebrospinal fluid was performed, and two additional adnexal small cysts were coagulated using the bipolar coagulator, Diomed 25 laser and scissors; the symptoms then regressed, except for superior bilateral altitudinal anopsia. Light and electron microscopy of the cyst wall is reported. The cyst was composed of collagenic connective tissue lined with a basal lamina lacking in epithelial cells. The preoperative and postoperative MRI are presented. Choroid plexus cysts localised in the anterior part of lateral ventricles are very rare, and all reported cases have been in male patients. According to the literature our case is only the third ever described in a child.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003810050301
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  • 119
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intramedullary brain stem cyst and trapped IV ventricle after infection with Listeria monocytogenes (1998)
    Springer
    Child's nervous system 14 (1998), S. 747-750 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-0350
    Keywords: Key wordsListeria monocytogenes ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Intracerebral cyst ; Neonatal ; Pregnancy complications
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We present the rare case of a girl surviving intrauterine listeria brain stem meningoencephalitis, who subsequently developed hydrocephalus, a trapped IV ventricle and an intramedullary cyst. Such cases have been reported only infrequently, and in earlier cases modern imaging studies were not available. Magnetic resonance imaging has been helpful in our patient to delineate the lesions and plan further treatment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003810050309
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  • 120
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Einfluß des Hirnödems auf das Rezidivwachstum maligner Gliome (1998)
    Springer
    Der Radiologe 38 (1998), S. 948-953 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2102
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Maligne Gliome ; Hirnödem ; Rezidiv ; Magnetresonanztomographie ; Key words Malignant glioma ; Brain edema ; Tumor recurrence ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Purpose: To assess the influence of initial preoperative brain edema in malignant gliomas on regrowth patterns. Subjects and methods: 79 patients with histologically verified supratentorial malignant glioma were prospectively studied by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) before and every 2–3 months after surgery. The median follow-up time was 11 months. We correlated the configuration of the initial vasogenic edema on T2-weighted images with tumor regrowth patterns on contrast-enhanced T1-weighted images. Results: 35/47 tumor regrowths (75%) imitated the initial edema configuration, while 11/47 occurred within the initial tumor bed; in one case tumor recurrence was multilocal. Conclusion: In glioblastoma, tumor regrowth patterns correlate positively with the configuration of the initial vasogenic brain edema. The initial, „presurgical” peritumoral edema should thus be considered when planning further treatment.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Fragestellung: Beeinflussen Form und Größe des präoperativen peritumoralen Hirnödems die Rezidiventwicklung bei malignen supratentoriellen Gliomen? Methodik: Prospektiv wurden 79 Patienten mit einem malignen supratentoriellen Gliom mit einem standardisierten MRT-Protokoll untersucht. MRT-Untersuchungen erfolgten vor der neurochirurgischen Operation, möglichst innerhalb der ersten 3 Tage nach Operation und während der Nachbeobachtungszeit in Abständen von 2–3 Monaten. Die mediane Nachbeobachtungszeit betrug 11 Monate. Die initiale präoperative Ödemkonfiguration auf den T2-gewichteten MRT-Aufnahmen wurde mit der Rezidivtumorkonfiguration auf den Kontrastmittel verstärkten T1-gewichteten Aufnahmen verglichen. Ergebnisse: 47 Patienten entwickelten während der Nachbeobachtungszeit ein Rezidiv. Die Konfiguration des Rezidivtumors imitierte in 35/47 Patienten (75%) die initiale präoperative Ödemkonfiguration. Bei 11/47 Patienten entwickelte sich ein lokales und bei einem Patienten ein multilokales Rezidiv. Schlußfolgerungen: Die präoperative Tumorödemkonfiguration im T2-gewichteten MRT-Bild korreliert mit der Rezidivtumorausdehnung. Zukünftige Therapiestudien sollten daher die Ausdehnung des initalen präoperativen Ödems als zusätzlichen prognostischen Faktor mitberücksichigen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001170050447
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    Decreased brain intracellular pH measured by 31P-MRS in bipolar disorder: a confirmation in drug-free patients and correlation with white matter hyperintensity (1998)
    Springer
    European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience 248 (1998), S. 301-306 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-8491
    Keywords: Key words. Bipolar affective disorder ; Phosphorus-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Mood disorder
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The authors have previously reported decreased intracellular pH (pHi) in the frontal lobes in euthymic bipolar patients treated with lithium using 31P-MRS. White matter hyperintensity (WMHI) is frequently seen in bipolar disorder. To examine a possible effect of lithium on pHi and the relationship between pHi and WMHI, seven drug-free euthymic bipolar patients were examined, and T2-weighted MRI were examined in 14 previously reported bipolar patients. Drug-free patients showed significantly lower pHi than controls. WMHI was associated with low pHi and increased phosphodiester peak. These results suggest that decrease of pHi is not an effect of lithium but is instead related to the pathophysiology of illness. Decrease of pHi and increase of the PDE peak may be the biochemical basis of WMHI in bipolar disorder.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004060050054
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  • 122
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    Stellenwert der kernspintomographie bei der epiphysiolysis capitis femoris (1998)
    Springer
    European journal of trauma 24 (1998), S. 214-220 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-3146
    Keywords: Epiphysenlösung ; Epiphysiolysis capitis femoris ; Hüftkopf ; Kernspintomographie ; Hüfte ; Röntgendiagnostik ; Slipped epiphysis ; Femur head ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Hip radiography ; Technology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Diagnosis and determination of severity of chronic slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) is usually made from clinical history, physical examination and radiographic measurement of the degree of slippage. Aim of the present study is to evaluate the diagnostic impact of magnetic resonance imaging in early detection of SCFE. We evaluated magnetic resonance imaging of the hips of 5 healthy children in comparison to the findings in conventional radiographs and magnetic resonance imaging of 9 patients with suspected SCFE. The growth plate of healthy objects shows homogenous low signal intensity, constant width up to 3 mm, and is clearly defined against the surrounding osseous structures. The adjacent surface appears homogenous. Patients with suspected SCFE showed widened growth plate (〉 3 mm) in 6 of 9 cases. Articular effusion was seen in all cases of clinical suspected disease. Incongruence of the ondulate surfaces was seen. Here we found flattening of denticulation of the growth plate in addition. Growth plate showed increase of signal intensity in 2 cases.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Diagnose der im Jugendalter spontan auftretenden Epiphysiolysis capitis femoris wurde bislang anhand der klinischen Beschwerden sowie der Bestimmung des Abrutschwinkels in konventionellen Aufnahmen (Beckenübersicht, Aufnahme nach Rippstein) gestellt. Für die Diagnose der Frühformen der Epiphysiolysis capitis femoris exsistiert kein allseits akzeptierter Goldstandard. Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit war es herauszuarbeiten, inwieweit die Epiphysiolysis capitis femoris charakteristische Zeichen in der Kernspintomographie bietet und ob die MRT in der Lage ist, früher Veränderungen als die konventionellen Methoden zu erkennen. Die Kernspintomographien (1,5-T-, T1- und T2-SE-Sequenzen koronar, sagittal, paraaxial, fakultativ STIR-, TIRM-, FLASH-2D-Sequenzen) von fünf gesunden Kindern wurden standardisiert analysiert und mit den magnetresonanztomographischen Untersuchungen von neun Patienten mit vermuteter Epiphysiolysis capitis femoris verglichen. Bei den neun Patienten lagen zusätzlich konventionelle Röntgenaufnahmen nach Rippstein vor. Im Normalkollektiv stellte sich die Epiphysenfuge homogen signalarm bzw. signalfrei dar. Sie wies eine konstante Weite bis zu 3 mm auf und war gegenüber den angrenzenden knöchernen Strukturen scharf abgegrenzt. Das Grenzflächensignal erschien homogen und gezähnelt. Patienten mit vermuteter Epiphysiolysis capitis femoris zeigten eine Erweiterung der Epiphysenfuge auf mehr als 3 mm in sechs von neun Fällen. Bei allen klinisch verdächtigen Fällen konnte ein Gelenkerguß abgegrenzt werden. Es fand sich zusätzlich eine Verschiebung oder Abflachung der Verzähnelung. Ein Signalanstieg im Bereich des Knorpels fand sich kernspintomographisch in nur zwei Fällen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02428387
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  • 123
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    Estimation of absorbed dose for 2-[F-18]fluoro-2-deoxy-d- glucose using whole-body positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging (1998)
    Springer
    European journal of nuclear medicine 25 (1998), S. 565-574 
    Details
    ISSN: 1619-7089
    Keywords: Key words: Absorbed Dose ; S-value ; MIRD phantom ; Whole-body positron emission tomography ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The purpose of this study was to measure the cumulated activity and absorbed dose in organs after intravenous administration of 2-[F-18]fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose (18F-FDG) using whole-body positron emission tomography (PET) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Whole-body dynamic emission scans for 18F-FDG were performed in six normal volunteers after transmission scans. The total activity of a source organ was obtained from the activity concentration of the organ measured by whole-body PET and the volume of that organ measured by whole-body T1-weighted MRI. The cumulated activity of each source organ was calculated from the time-activity curve. Absorbed doses to the individuals were estimated by the MIRD (medical internal radiation dosimetry) method using S-values adjusted to the individuals. Another calculation of cumulated activities and absorbed doses was performed using the organ volumes from the MIRD phantom and the ”Japanese reference man” to investigate the discrepancy of actual individual results against the phantom results. The cumulated activities of 18 source organs were calculated, and absorbed doses of 27 target organs estimated. Among the target organs, bladder wall, brain and kidney received the highest doses for the above three sets of organ volumes. Using measured individual organ volumes, the average absorbed doses for those organs were found to be 3.1×10–1, 3.7×10–2 and 2.8×10–2 mGy/MBq, respectively. The mean effective doses in this study for individuals of average body weight (64.5 kg) and the MIRD phantom of 70 kg were the same, i.e. 2.9×10–2 mSv/MBq, while for the Japanese reference man of 60 kg the effective dose was 2.1×10–2 mSv/MBq. The results for measured organ volumes derived from MRI were comparable to those obtained for organ volumes from the MIRD phantom. Although this study considered 18F-FDG, combined use of whole-body PET and MRI might be quite effective for improving the accuracy of estimations of the cumulated activity and absorbed dose of positron-labelled radiopharmaceuticals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002590050257
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    Ictal technetium-99m ethyl cysteinate dimer single-photon emission tomographic findings and propagation of epileptic seizure activity in patients with extratemporal epilepsies (1998)
    Springer
    European journal of nuclear medicine 25 (1998), S. 166-172 
    Details
    ISSN: 1619-7089
    Keywords: Key words: Ictal single-photon emission tomography ; Positron emission tomography ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; EEG-video monitoring ; Epilepsy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Although ictal single-photon emission tomography (SPET) with technetium-99m ethyl cysteinate dimer (ECD) has a well-established role in the diagnostic evaluation of patients with temporal lobe epilepsy who are being considered for epilepsy surgery, its use in cases of extratemporal epilepsy is still limited. We investigated the influence of the propagation of extratemporal epileptic seizure activity on the regional increase in cerebral blood flow, which is usually associated with epileptic seizure activity. Forty-two consecutive patients with extratemporal epilepsies were prospectively evaluated. All patients underwent ictal SPET studies with simultaneous electroencephalography (EEG) and video recordings of habitual seizures and imaging studies including cranial magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography with 2-[18F]-fluoro-2 deoxy-d-glucose. Propagation of epilptic seizure activity (PESA) was defined as the absence of hyperperfusion on ictal ECD SPET in the lobe of seizure onset, but its presence in another ipsilateral or contralateral lobe. Observers analysing the SPET images were not informed of the other results. PESA was observed in 8 of the 42 patients (19%) and was ipsilateral to the seizure onset in five (63%) of these eight patients. The time between clinical seizure onset and injection of the ECD tracer ranged from 14 to 61 s (mean 34 s). Seven patients (88%) with PESA had parieto-occipital epilepsy and one patient had a frontal epilepsy. PESA was statistically more frequent in patients with parieto-occipital lobe epilepsies (58%) than in the remaining extratemporal epilepsy syndromes (3%) (P〈0.0002). These findings indicate that ictal SPET studies require simultaneous EEG-video recordings in patients with extratemporal epilepsies. PESA should be considered when interpreting ictal SPET studies in these patients. Patients with PESA are more likely to have parieto-occipital lobe epilepsy than seizure onset in other extratemporal regions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002590050210
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    Solitary fibrous tumor of the parotid gland extending to the parapharyngeal space (1998)
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 255 (1998), S. 18-21 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Keywords: Key words Parotid gland ; Solitary fibrous tumor ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Solitary fibrous tumors (SFT) arise in the pleura and less commonly in extrapleural sites. Head and neck regions have included the nose and paranasal sinuses, soft palate, epiglottis, thyroid, parotid and submandibular glands, as well as the infratemporal fossa and parapharyngeal space. We report a case of SFT arising from the parotid gland and extending to the parapharyngeal space. To our knowledge, this is the fourth case of SFT originating from the parotid gland and is the largest of its kind among the extrapleural lesions described. The characteristics revealed by computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging are presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004050050015
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    Granulomatous tenosynovitis: A rare musculoskeletal manifestation of tuberculosis (1998)
    Springer
    Clinical rheumatology 17 (1998), S. 166-169 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-9949
    Keywords: Magnetic resonance imaging ; Tenosynovitis ; Tuberculosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A patient with tenosynovial tuberculosis affecting the extensor tendons of the wrist and hand is presented. This case highlights the clinical and magnetic resonance features of tuberculous tenosynovitis, and seeks to increase awareness of what may represent a resurgent musculoskeletal entity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01452268
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    Efficacy of radiosynovectomy of the knee in rheumatoid arthritis: Evaluation with magnetic resonance imaging (1998)
    Springer
    Clinical rheumatology 17 (1998), S. 277-281 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-9949
    Keywords: Gadolinium ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Radiosynovectomy ; Rheumatoid arthritis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The intra-articular injection of a radiopharmaceutical agent (radiosynovectomy) produces a reduction of the synovial inflammatory process. The inflammed synovial membrane can be identified with magnetic resonance imaging after the intravenous administration of gadolinium (MRI-Gd). A 6-month prospective study was carried out in 10 patients with rheumatoid arthritis after radiosynovectomy of the knee. The efficacy was evaluated with clinical parameters and MRI-Gd. A progressive amelioration of synovial effusion, pain, articular range of mobility, total leucocytes count in synovial fluid and synovial membrane thickness through MRI-Gd was observed. The global efficacy was considered to be good in six patients, fair in three and bad in one. The study shows for the first time that MRI-Gd allows the evaluation of the response of the synovial membrane to radiosynovectomy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01451005
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    Evaluation of velopharyngeal pathophysiology and velopharyngeal insufficiency with magnetic resonance imaging (1998)
    Springer
    European journal of plastic surgery 21 (1998), S. 118-123 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-0130
    Keywords: Key words Velopharyngeal insufficiency ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Velopharyngeal pathophysiology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The disadvantages and limitations of imaging methods to investigate velopharyngeal incompetence have created some difficulties in the management of this condition. Seven normal volunteers and seven patients who were suffering from a speech disorder were examined using magnetic resonance imaging. The velopharyngeal aperture was evaluated at rest and during phonation. In normal volunteers, the velopharyngeal aperture area had a mean value of 1.632 cm2 while at rest and complete closure was obtained during the phonation of /s/ sound. Detailed information was obtained about the function of the levator palati muscle. In five patients during the phonation of /s/ sound there was an increase in the area of the velopharyngeal aperture when compared to the volunteers. Investigation with magnetic resonance imaging is helpful in the pretreatment evaluation and postopertive follow-up examination of velopharyngeal insufficiency. As a result, this noninvasive method can be used as an alternative to conventional radiological investigations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002380050043
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    Mixing in Stars and the Evolution of the 3He Abundance (1998)
    Springer
    Space science reviews 84 (1998), S. 199-206 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9672
    Keywords: Nuclear reactions ; Nucleosynthesis ; Abundances ; Stars:Evolution ; Interior ; Rotation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We first recall the observational and theoretical facts that constitute the so-called 3He problem. We then review the chemical anomalies that could be related to the destruction of 3He in red giants stars. We show how a simple consistent mechanism can lead to the destruction of 3He in low mass stars and simultaneously account for the low 12C/13C ratios and low lithium abundances observed in giant stars of different populations. This process should both naturally account for the recent measurements of 3He/H in galactic HII regions and allow for high values of 3He observed in some planetary nebulae. We propose a simple statistical estimation of the fraction of stars that may be affected by this process.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005027519798
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    Total removal of an intramedullary cavernous angioma by transthoracic approach (1998)
    Springer
    Neurological sciences 19 (1998), S. 176-179 
    Details
    ISSN: 1590-3478
    Keywords: Cavernoma ; Intramedullary cavernous angioma ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Transthoracic approach
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Intramedullary cavernous angiomas are rare vascular malformations; all published cases have been surgically approached posteriorly by standard laminectomy. We describe the case of a 63-year-old man with an intramedullary cavernous angioma, anteriorly located in the thoracic spinal cord. The angioma was operated on by transthoracic approach and totally removed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00831568
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    Contribution of magnetic resonance imaging techniques in understanding cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis (1998)
    Springer
    Neurological sciences 19 (1998), S. S399 
    Details
    ISSN: 1590-3478
    Keywords: Multiple sclerosis ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Cognitive functions ; Magnetization transfer imaging Frontal lobe
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Sommario In questa revisione della letteratura, vengono presentati e discussi i risultati di recenti studi di risonanza magnetica (RM) quantitativa nei quali il grado di deficit cognitivo in pazienti affetti da sclerosi multipla e stato correlato con l'estensione e la gravity delle alterazioni encefaliche evidenziate con tecniche differenti di RM, al fine di raggiungere una migliore comprensione dei meccanismi patogenetici sottesi allo sviluppo di tall deficit.
    Notes: Abstract In this review, the results of recent quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies correlating the degree of cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis patients with the extent and severity of brain abnormalities seen using MRI techniques are presented and discussed with the ultimate goal of a better understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the development of such deficits.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00539595
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    Bilateral medial frontal infarction in a case of azygous anterior cerebral artery stenosis (1998)
    Springer
    Neurological sciences 19 (1998), S. 106-108 
    Details
    ISSN: 1590-3478
    Keywords: Azygous anterior cerebral artery ; Cerebral infarction ; Digital subtraction angiography ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We describe the unusual case of a 63-year-old woman with a history of arterial hypertension who presented a sudden weakness of the lower limbs followed by mutism, akinesia and dyspraxia. Magnetic resonance images showed a bilateral medial frontal infarction. Digital subtraction angiography documented a right azygous anterior cerebral artery with severe stenosis in its sub-callosal tract; the left anterior cerebral artery showed mild hypoplasia with only sub-frontal and fronto-polar branches. No embolic source was documented. Afterwards the patient presented a gradual and partial recovery of both motor and cognitive functions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02427567
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    Noninvasive Delineation of Normal Right Ventricular Contractile Motion With Magnetic Resonance Imaging Myocardial Tagging (1998)
    Springer
    Annals of biomedical engineering 26 (1998), S. 756-763 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-9686
    Keywords: Heart ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Cardiovascular models ; Right ventricular function ; Ventricular contractile motion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Abstract As the importance of the right ventricle in many diseases and conditions has been realized, the need for quantitative assessment of the motion and contraction of the right ventricular free wall (RVFW) has become apparent. This study applied the myocardial tagging magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique to the normal RVFW to elucidate normal heterogeneity in RV motion and contractile patterns. The RVFW was divided into three segments (inferior, mid and superior) in each of three slices (apical, mid and basal) to allow for a detailed analysis of the motion and contraction. Percent segmental shortening (PSS) was used to measure the amount of contraction, and a vector analysis was used to quantitate the trajectory of the RVFW through systole. PSS increased monotonically through time to an average across all segments of 12% in the basal slice, 14% in the mid-ventricular slice, and 16% in the apical slice of the heart. The trajectory of the RVFW was characterized by a wave of motion toward the septum and outflow tract. The data provided in this study provide a better understanding of normal RV kinematics and can serve as a comparison for disease states. © 1998 Biomedical Engineering Society. PAC98: 8759Pw, 0705Pj, 8745Dr
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1114/1.75
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    Normal Three-Dimensional Pulmonary Artery Flow Determined by Phase Contrast Magnetic Resonance Imaging (1998)
    Springer
    Annals of biomedical engineering 26 (1998), S. 557-566 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-9686
    Keywords: Shear stress ; Blood velocity ; Kinetic energy ; Pulmonary artery flow ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Abstract In this study, an application was developed to measure three-dimensional blood flow in the main, right, and left pulmonary arteries of seven healthy volunteers using phase contrast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Presently, no other noninvasive technique is capable of providing this information. Flow, mean velocity, kinetic energy, and cross-sectional area were measured at multiple phases of the cardiac cycle and were consistent with previously reported values measured with one-dimensional velocity encoded MRI and Doppler echocardiography. Additionally, axial, circumferential, and radial shear stresses near the wall of the vessel at multiple phases of the cardiac cycle were estimated using the in-plane velocities. All three shear stresses were relatively constant along the vessel wall and throughout the cardiac cycle (∼ 7 dyn/cm2). This three-dimensional characterization of normal pulmonary blood flow provides a base line to which effects of altered pulmonary artery flow patterns in disease can be compared. [Morgan, V. L., T. P. Graham, Jr., and C. H. Lorenz. Circulation Suppl. 94:I–417 (abstract), 1996]. © 1998 Biomedical Engineering Society. PAC98: 8759Pw, 8745Hw
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1114/1.125
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