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  • Electronic Resource  (125)
  • Book  (2)
  • Fourier analysis
  • Software
  • 1
    Book
    Book
    Sebastopol ; Boston :O'Reilly Media,
    Title: Terraform : up and running : writing infrastructure as code
    Author: Brikman, Yevgeniy
    Edition: 3rd edition
    Publisher: Sebastopol ; Boston :O'Reilly Media,
    Year of publication: 2022
    Pages: 459 Seiten
    ISBN: 978-1-0981-1674-3
    Type of Medium: Book
    Language: English
    Keywords: Cloud computing ; Operating systems (Computers) ; Software
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  • 2
    Book
    Book
    Boston :Birkhäuser,
    Title: Sampling, wavelets, and tomography /
    Contributer: Benedetto, John , Zayed, Ahmed I.
    Publisher: Boston :Birkhäuser,
    Year of publication: 2003
    Pages: p. cm
    Series Statement: Applied and computational harmonic analysis
    ISBN: 0-8176-4304-4 , 3-7643-4304-4
    Type of Medium: Book
    Language: English
    Keywords: Hamonic analysis ; Wavelets (Mathematics) ; Fourier analysis ; Sampling (Statistics) ; Tomography
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of computational analysis and applications 2 (2000), S. 333-371 
    ISSN: 1572-9206
    Keywords: sampling theorem ; Cauchy's integral formula ; Poisson's summation formula ; Fourier analysis ; complex analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract First we show that several fundamental results on functions from theBernstein spaces $$B_\sigma ^p $$ (such as Bernstein's inequality andthe reproducing formula) can be deduced from a weak form of the classicalsampling theorem. In §3 we discuss the mutual equivalence of thesampling theorem, the derivative sampling theorem and a harmonic functionsampling theorem. In §§4–6 we discuss connections between thesampling theorem and various important results in complex analysis andFourier analysis. Our considerations include Cauchy's integral formula,Poisson's summation formula, a Gaussian integral, certain properties ofweighted Hermite polynomials, Plancherel's theorem, the maximum modulusprinciple, and the Phragmén–Lindelöf principle.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Gynäkologe 33 (2000), S. 164-171 
    ISSN: 1433-0393
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Onkologie ; Gynäkologie ; Informationsverarbeitung ; Computerprogramme ; Datenerhebung ; Datenbank ; Krebstegister ; Key words Oncology ; Gynecology ; Information technology ; Software ; Database ; Data collection ; Registries
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Information technologies have been integrated in gynecological oncology treatment and, therefore, new software has been established in hospitals and private clinics. A German law for hospital tumor registration has attempted to unify the different strategies. All intentions to establish new documentation systems for tumor diseases need a standardized basic data set. Nevertheless, local governmental health organizations are not yet prepared to implement a global information system such as prenatal and perinatal care databases. Financial support and political work is therefore needed.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Trotz der zunehmenden Integration von Informationstechnologie (IT) im Bereich der klinischen Medizin ist eine zufriedenstellende Funktionalität in der onkologischen Datenerfassung noch nicht erreicht worden. Obwohl zahlreiche Klassifizierungssysteme nutzbar sind, Vereinheitlichungen zur Basisdokumentation durchgeführt wurden und ein Krebsregistergesetz verabschiedet wurde, ist eine zur Perinatalerhebung äquivalente Organisationsstruktur noch nicht vorhanden. Hier sind nicht so sehr im Bereich der technischen Möglichkeiten, sondern besonders im Bereich der Gesundheitspolitik einschließlich der Finanzierungskonzepte eine Vielzahl von Lösungen zu suchen. Für die Qualitätssicherung in der gynäkologischen Onkologie ist eine einheitliche, zentral auswertbare Datenerhebung unerlässlich. Diese ist ohne moderne Werkzeuge der Informationstechnologie nicht realisierbar.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Gynäkologe 33 (2000), S. 176-181 
    ISSN: 1433-0393
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Internet ; Kommunikation ; Informationsverarbeitung ; Software ; Key words Internet ; Word-wide-web ; Browser ; Computer ; Gynecology ; Software ; Security
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract The scientific and commercial use of the World Wide Web has caused far-reaching changes in information technology and has had a great influence on medical computing. Web browsers are becoming a universal starting point for all kinds of client–server applications. Many commercial and medical systems – such as information or reservation systems are being shifted towards web-based systems. This paper describes new techniques for implementing medical web-based applications and provides a classification of these techniques. Securtity problems are the main topics for further developments in medical computing.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Das Internet stellt einen universellen dezentralen Verbund der unterschiedlichsten Computer und Systeme dar, die ein einheitliches Kommunikationsprotokoll benutzen und den Zugriff auf gigantische Informationsmengen ermöglichen. Die Bedeutung des Internet für die Frauenheilkunde steht außer Frage und wird in der nächsten Zeit weiter wachsen. Eine kritische Beurteilung aktueller Entwicklungen ist aber ohne Auseinandersetzung mit technischen und informationstheoretischen Aspekten unvollständig, und eine realistische Einschätzung neuer Optionen für die Informationsverarbeitung in der Frauenheilkunde kann prinzipielle Probleme – insbesondere bei Sicherheitsfragen – bereits in frühen Projektphasen erkennen lassen. Als aktuelle Entwicklungen erscheinen eingebettete Webserverapplikationen, Intranet-Internet-Verknüpfungen und plattformunabhängige Applikationen von besonderer Bedeutung zu sein, die in medizinischen Anwendungen in nächster Zeit vermehrt zum Einsatz kommen werden. Webbasierte Anwendungen beeinflussen zunehmend auch “Konventionelle Applikationen der medizinischen Informatik” wobei sich Webbrowser zum universellen Front-End entwickeln.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Accreditation and quality assurance 5 (2000), S. 287-288 
    ISSN: 1432-0517
    Keywords: Key words Accreditation ; Computers ; Software ; Scientific instruments
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract  We review the draft international standard ISO/IEC 17025 and the EA guidelines; and present the existing National Physical Laboratory publication “Software in scientific instruments” and the new Measurement System Validation Best Practice guide.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Gefässchirurgie 5 (2000), S. 166-173 
    ISSN: 1434-3932
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter  Gefäßchirurgie ; Patientenmanagement ; Abteilungsmanagement ; Software Rechnersystem ; Netzwerk ; Relationale Datenbank ; Budget ; Organisation ; Keywords  Vascular surgery ; Patient management ; Unit management ; Software ; Computer system ; Network ; Relational database ; Budget ; Organisation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract   There is little commercial medical software available for department management in the field of vascular surgery. The database VasoDat was created as an eventual study of vascular surgery 10 years ago. In the meantime it has been autonomously developed into an integral part of daily life in our department. With its relational structure it covers all routine procedures in the department with an intense working stability. Instruments have been developed for optimizing the department’s organization and for supporting scientific works. Statistical functions have been added. Data exchange with other systems at the moment is restricted to the program ”Quality management in carotid surgery” of the DGG (German Society of Vascular Surgery), and linking to the practising program PatiO and the accompanying private liquidation. Adding tools for image storing, visual report documentation, and linking with other computer systems is possible. Extensions for supporting the management of budgets and resources, e.g., in managing operative capacity, were developed in order to provide adequate time results and department controls.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung  Es gibt im gefäßchirurgischen Sektor kaum kommerzielle Angebote von Kliniksoftware zum Abteilungsmanagement. Die Datenbank „VasoDat” wurde vor 10 Jahren als Machbarkeitsstudie für die Gefäßchirurgie konzipiert. Inzwischen ist sie in Eigenregie zu einem integralen Bestandteil der Alltagsarbeit der eigenen Abteilung geworden. Mit ihrer relationalen Struktur deckt sie alle Routineabläufe der Abteilung mit hoher Betriebsstabilität ab. Es sind Instrumente zur Optimierung der Abteilungsorganisation und zur Unterstützung wissenschaftlicher Arbeiten entwickelt worden. Feste Statistikfunktionen sind hinzugekommen. Der Datenaustausch mit anderen Systemen beschränkt sich derzeit auf das Programm zur „Qualitätssicherung Karotischirurgie” der DGG, die Anbindung an das Praxisprogramm „PatiO” und die zugehörige Privatliquidation. Weiterentwicklungen zur Bildarchivierung, visuellen Befunddokumentation und Vernetzung mit anderen Rechnersystemen sind einfach möglich. Erweiterungen der Datenbank für Aufgaben beim Budget -und Resourcenmanagement (z. B. bei der Operationskapazitätsauslastung) wurden entwickelt, um zeitnahe Resultate und die Kontrolle auf dem Gebiet zu erhalten.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Documenta ophthalmologica 101 (2000), S. 233-246 
    ISSN: 1573-2622
    Keywords: binocular vision ; Fourier analysis ; strabismus ; temporal frequency ; visual evoked potential (VEP)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The purpose of this work was to study the second harmonic in the steady state pattern visual evoked potential (ssVEP) to various stimulus frequencies in subjects with normal and defective binocularity. ssVEPs were elicited by 4 c/deg sinusoidal gratings, with temporal frequencies ranging from 5 to 20 Hz (exp. 1) and 15 to 27.5 Hz (exp. 2). Responses were Fourier analysed and power and phase of the second harmonic to stimulus frequency were measured. For power, binocular enhancement in a bimodal fashion was found both in normals and in subjects with defective binocularity. The power with binocular stimulation was significantly higher in the normal group in the high frequency domain. Latency, estimated from the phase-frequency function, was longer in the group with defective binocularity, but this was statistically significant only for the high frequency domain. The results suggest that a visual system with normal binocular function can follow a stimulus with high temporal frequency more accurately than a system with disturbed binocularity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Medical & biological engineering & computing 38 (2000), S. 558-561 
    ISSN: 1741-0444
    Keywords: Hydrodynamic simulation ; Pulse duplicator ; Cardiovascular system ; Atrial fibrillation ; Fourier analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Heart valve replacements are often associated with cardiac pathologies, but valvular prostheses are still tested in vitro under the same physiological conditions as for a healthy young man. Therefore a new mock circulatory system of the left heart, the dual activation simulator (DAS), has been built. The DAS allows atrial and ventricular dynamics to be controlled with pumps that activate anatomically shaped silicon models of the cavities. The mitral flow is a two-peak waveform. The E/A ratio can be changed, and the A-wave can be suppressed to simulate, for instance, atrial fibrillation. The cardiac rhythm and the mean flow-rate can be changed at will. The ability of the DAS to reproduce physiological flow is assessed by computation of the aortic input impedance and by harmonic analysis of left ventricular and atrial pressures. It allows the behaviour of valve prostheses to be studied in various conditions of concern to clinicians and can be a useful tool for engineers to improve valve prostheses or validate diagnostic tools such as 3D colour Doppler. The DAS and its capacities are described.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Monatshefte für Mathematik 127 (1999), S. 43-53 
    ISSN: 1436-5081
    Keywords: Key words: Homogeneous trees ; Fourier analysis ; wave equation ; 1991 Mathematics Subject Classification: 43A85 ; 35L05; 39A12
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract.  Let ? be a homogeneous tree, ℒbe the Laplace operator of ?, and b be the bottom of its L 2 spectrum. Let u be a solution of the (modified) wave equation on ?. Using Fourier analysis on ? we show that the energy of u is asymptotically divided into equal potential and kinetic parts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Annals of combinatorics 3 (1999), S. 13-25 
    ISSN: 0219-3094
    Keywords: 60C05 ; 60G99 ; algebraic enumeration ; binary sequences ; set partitions into even-size blocks ; restricted set partitions ; finite residue classes modulo three ; moment ; centered moment ; cumulant ; bounds ; Fourier analysis ; Möbius inversion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract A probability set function is interpretable as a probability distribution on binary sequences of fixed length. Cumulants of probability set functions enjoy particularly simple properties which make them more manageable than cumulants of general random variables. We derive some identities satisfied by cumulants of probability set functions which we believe to be new. Probability set functions may be expanded in terms of their cumulants. We derive an expansion which allows the construction of examples of probability set functions whose cumulants are arbitrary, restricted only by their absolute values. It is known that this phenomenon cannot occur for continuous probability distributions. Some particular examples of probability set functions are considered, and their cumulants are computed, leading to a conjecture on the upper bound of the values of cumulants. Moments of probability set functions determined by arithmetical conditions are computed in a final example.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Radiologe 39 (1999), S. 1027-1034 
    ISSN: 1432-2102
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Computertomographie ; Kiefer ; Dental-CT ; Software ; Key words Mandible ; Maxilla ; Computed tomography ; Software ; Dental-CT ; Jaws ; CT
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Traditionally oral surgeons and dentists have evaluated the jaws using intraoral films and panoramic radiographs. The involvement of radiologists has been limited. In the past few years dedicated CT-software-programs developed to evaluate dental implant patients have provided a new look at the jaws. The complex anatomy is described and identified on human skulls and on axial, panoramic, and cross-sectional images. With this anatomic description Dental-CT-scans are used to demonstrate the anatomy of maxilla and the mandible. An overview of the technique of Dental-CT is provided, furthermore the radiation dose of different organs is explained. Suggestions to reduce these doses by simple modifications of the recommended procols are given.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Einführung im Bereich der Computertomographiesoftware (Dental-CT) ermöglicht dem Radiologen zusätzlich zu den üblichen, von den Zahnärzten durchgeführten Röntgenuntersuchungen eine überlagerungs- und verzerrungsfreie Darstellung des Ober- und Unterkiefers. In der Implantologie ist mit dieser Darstellung eine exakte Planung möglich. Weiterhin haben sich Dünnschicht-CT-Untersuchungen auch bei der Abklärung von Zysten, Tumoren, Frakturen, tiefen Parodontitiden und retinierten Zähnen bewährt. In dieser Arbeit wird ein Überblick über die Anatomie, die Untersuchungstechnik des Dental-CT und die auftretende Strahlenbelastung gegeben. Basierend auf rezente Literaturangaben kann eine Reduktion der absorbierten Dosis bei gleichbleibender Bildqualität durch einfache Protokollmodifikationen erzielt werden.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics 27 (1999), S. 23-43 
    ISSN: 1573-8744
    Keywords: pharmacodynamics ; indirect response models ; chronobiology ; cortisol ; fluticasone propionate ; Fourier analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Six mathematical functions to describe the chronobiology of cortisol concentrations were assessed. Mean data from a dose-proportionality study of inhaled fluticasone propionate were fitted with an indirect response model using various biorhythmic functions (single cosine, dual ramps, dual zero-order, dual cosines, and Fourier series with 2 and n-harmonics) for production rate. Data with known parameters and random variation were also generated and fitted using the ADAPT II program. Fitted parameters, model estimation criteria, and runs tests were compared. Models with preassigned functions: the dual ramps, the dual zero-order and the dual cosines provide maximum and minimum times for cortisol release rate, were suitable for describing asymmetric circadian patterns and yielding IC50 values. Fourier analysis differs from the other methods in that it uses the placebo data to recover equations for cortisol secretion rate rather than by postulation. Nonlinear regression for Fourier analysis, instead of the L 2 -norm method, was useful to characterize the baseline cortisol data but was restricted to a maximum of two harmonics. Apart from the single cosine function, which predicts symmetrical cortisol concentrations, all methods were satisfactory in describing the baseline and suppressed cortisol concentrations. On the other hand, Fourier series with L 2 -norm produced the best unbiased estimate for baseline patterns. The Fourier method is flexible, accurate, and can be extended to other drug-induced changes in normal periodic rhythms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Hydrogeology journal 7 (1999), S. 139-150 
    ISSN: 1435-0157
    Keywords: Key words groundwater hydraulics ; transport system ; flow system ; Fourier analysis ; dispersion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé L'analyse des hydrosystèmes souterrains est basée sur le concept de systèmes hiérarchiques d'écoulement souterrain. La topographie de la surface piézométrique, qui est étroitement liée à celle de la surface du sol, est le facteur principal de l'emboîtement hiérarchique des écoulements souterrains, gouvernés par la gravité, ce qui fait apparaître des systèmes d'écoulement de différentes échelles en étendue et en profondeur de pénétration. Le concept de système d'écoulement est extrêmement utile pour analyser les échelles spatiales et temporelles et leurs relations mutuelles. Les équations de base correspondant à l'échelle du laboratoire sont étendues à des échelles régionales, plus vastes. L'utilisation de la méthode de Fourier met mieux en valeur l'idée originale de Tóth de systèmes d'écoulement commandés par la topographie. De cette façon, les différentes échelles spatiales de la nappe sont séparées naturellement, en donnant une expression simple pour la profondeur de pénétration du système d'écoulement souterrain. Cette décomposition fournit aussi la relation entre les échelles spatiale et temporelle. Dans une approche analogue à celle des systèmes d'écoulement, des masses d'eaux de qualités différentes peuvent être appelées "systèmes de transport". Des études de terrain, une modélisation numérique à micro-échelle sur des domaines à macro-échelle et la théorie de la dispersion stochastique indiquent qu'entre des systèmes soumis à un transport en régime permanent, les interfaces sont relativement minces. Les interfaces sont beaucoup plus minces que les zones de mélange relativement étendues prédites par l'approche conventionnelle de l'ingénierie pour la macro-dispersion, dans laquelle on applique des longueurs de macro-dispersion, indépendant du temps et relativement étendues. Une approche d'ingénierie alternative, relativement simple, est présentée. Pour la macro-dispersion de la propagation de panaches de soluté, le terme alternatif de dispersion donne les mêmes résultats que l'approche d'ingénierie conventionnelle et donne des résultats corrects pour le transport en régime permanent.
    Abstract: Resumen El análisis de los sistemas de flujo se basa en el concepto de modelos jerárquicos de aguas subterráneas. La topografía del nivel freático, estrechamente relacionada con la topografía de superficie, es uno de los factores principales en la continuidad jerárquica del flujo subterráneo gravífico, dando lugar a sistemas de flujo con distintos órdenes de magnitud en lo que respecta a extensión lateral y profundidad. El concepto de sistemas de flujo es extremadamente útil para el análisis de las escalas espacial y temporal y de sus interrelaciones. Las ecuaciones básicas deducidas a escala de laboratorio se extienden a escalas regionales. Mediante análisis de Fourier se llega al esquema original de Tóth de sistemas de flujo dominados por la topografía. De esta manera, las diferentes escalas espaciales del nivel freático quedan separadas de manera natural, lo que conduce a una expresión simple para la profundidad de penetración en un sistema de flujo. Esta descomposición conduce además a una relación ente las escalas espacial y temporal. De manera análoga a los sistemas de flujo, los cuerpos de agua de distinta calidad química pueden llamarse "sistemas de transporte". Tanto los estudios de campo como los modelos numéricos regionales con discretización a microescala, o la teoría estocástica de la dispersión indican que, para los sistemas con transporte estacionarios, las interfaces son bastante delgadas; más delgadas, por ejemplo, que las predichas por un tratamiento convencional de la macrodispersión, donde se utilizan valores relativamente grandes e independientes del tiempo. El estudio de la macrodispersión de penachos contaminantes se realiza mediante un modelo alternativo simple, donde el término alternativo de dispersión da los mismos resultados que los modelos convencionales.
    Notes: Abstract  Flow-system analysis is based on the concept of hierarchical groundwater flow systems. The topography of the water table, which is strongly related to the topography of the land surface, is a major factor in the hierarchical nesting of gravity-driven groundwater flow, resulting in flow systems of different orders of magnitude in lateral extent and depth of penetration. The concept of flow systems is extremely useful in the analysis of spatial and temporal scales and their mutual relationships. Basic equations on the laboratory scale are extended to larger, regional scales. Making use of Fourier analysis further develops Tóth's original idea of topography-driven flow systems. In this way, the different spatial scales of the water table are separated in a natural way, leading to a simple expression for the penetration depth of a flow system. This decomposition leads also to the relationship between spatial and temporal scales. Analogous to flow systems, water bodies with different water quality may be called 'transport systems.' Field studies, numerical micro-scale modeling over macro-scale domains, and stochastic dispersion theory indicate that between systems with steady transport, the interfaces are relatively thin. The interfaces are much thinner than the relatively large mixing zones predicted by the conventional engineering approach to macrodispersion, in which relatively large, time-independent macrodispersion lengths are applied. A relatively simple alternative engineering approach is presented. For macrodispersion of propagating solute plumes, the alternative dispersion term gives the same results as the conventional engineering approach and gives correct results for steady-state transport.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Documenta ophthalmologica 99 (1999), S. 69-82 
    ISSN: 1573-2622
    Keywords: evoked responses ; ERG ; Fourier analysis ; pattern ERG ; steady-state ; VEP
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Fourier analysis is a powerful tool in signal analysis that can be very fruitfully applied to steady-state evoked potentials (flicker ERG, pattern ERG, VEP, etc.). However, there are some inherent assumptions in the underlying discrete Fourier transform (DFT) that are not necessarily fulfilled in typical electrophysiological recording and analysis conditions. Furthermore, engineering software-packages may be ill-suited and/or may not fully exploit the information of steady-state recordings. Specifically: • In the case of steady-state stimulation we know more about the stimulus than in standard textbook situations (exact frequency, phase stability), so `windowing' and calculation of the `periodogram' are not necessary. • It is mandatory to choose an integer relationship between sampling rate and frame rate when employing a raster-based CRT stimulator. • The analysis interval must comprise an exact integer number (e.g., 10) of stimulus periods. • The choice of the number of stimulus periods per analysis interval needs a wise compromise: A high number increases the frequency resolution, but makes artifact removal difficult; a low number `spills' noise into the response frequency. • There is no need to feel tied to a power-of-two number of data points as required by standard FFT, `resampling' is an easy and efficient alternative. • Proper estimates of noise-corrected Fourier magnitude and statistical significance can be calculated that take into account the non-linear superposition of signal and noise. These aspects are developed in an intuitive approach with examples using both simulations and recordings. Proper use of Fourier analysis of our electrophysiological records will reduce recording time and/or increase the reliability of physiologic or pathologic interpretations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The journal of Fourier analysis and applications 4 (1998), S. 67-91 
    ISSN: 1531-5851
    Keywords: 43A30 ; 43A65 ; 43A85 ; 68T10 ; 68U10 ; Fourier analysis ; irreducible representations of the groupSL(2, ℂ) ; harmonic analysis onSL(2, ℂ) ; projectively invariant classification of patterns ; projectively adapted pattern representation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Among all image transforms, the classical (Euclidean) Fourier transform has had the widest range of applications in image processing. Here its projective analogue, given by the double cover groupSL(2, ℂ) of the projective groupPSL(2, ℂ) for patterns, is developed. First, a projectively invariant classification of patterns is constructed in terms of orbits of the groupPSL(2, ℂ) acting on the image plane (with complex coordinates) by linear-fractional transformations. Then,SL(2, ℂ)-harmonic analysis, in the noncompact picture of induced representations, is used to decompose patterns into the components invariant under irreducible representations of the principal series ofSL(2, ℂ). Usefulness in digital image processing problems is studied by providing a camera model in which the action ofSL(2, ℂ) on the complex image plane corresponds to, and exhausts, planar central projections as produced when aerial images of the same scene are taken from different vantage points. The projectively adapted properties of theSL(2, ℂ)-harmonic analysis, as applied to the problems, in image processing, are confirmed by computational tests. Therefore, it should be an important step in developing a system for automated perspective-independent object recognition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Accreditation and quality assurance 3 (1998), S. 436-443 
    ISSN: 1432-0517
    Keywords: Key words Uncertainty ; Expert system ; Software ; Accreditation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract  An important part of quality assurance in any analytical laboratory is the production of comprehensive results integrating uncertainty measurements. Many testing laboratories face the problem that the expenditure required to evaluate small uncertainties (high precision and high accuracy) is often uneconomic. In most cases an uncertainty of high reliability has to be calculated from only a few data (one calibration, few replications, etc.). This problem can be solved by an expert system. To achieve this the analytical procedure has to be structured into a dialouge and divided into parts. The uncertainty has to be calculated for each part of the procedure. Addition of the individual uncertainties results in the combined and expanded uncertainty. During the dialouge the system should advise the analyst how to get an efficient and effective calculation of uncertainty. All calculations, mathematical and statistical procedures have to be surveyable but running the system should not be too time consuming for economic reasons. Within the scope of the EURECA-project initiated by the Eidgenössische Materialprüfungs- und Forschungsanstalt (EMPA), St. Gallen, Switzerland, expert system software is being developed in cooperation with other research institutes and manufacturers of analytical instruments. Using this software it will be possible to calculate the uncertainty for analytical procedures such as titration, atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) and gas- and liquid chromatography (GC, HPLC).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Accreditation and quality assurance 3 (1998), S. 140-144 
    ISSN: 1432-0517
    Keywords: Key words Validation ; Qualification ; Computers ; Software ; Analytical ; Laboratories
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract  Installation and operational qualification are important steps in the overall validation and qualification process for software and computer systems. This article guides users of such systems step by step through the installation and operational qualification procedures. It provides guidelines on what should be tested and documented during installation prior to routine use. The author also presents procedures for the qualification of software using chromatographic data systems and a network server for central archiving as examples.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 19
    ISSN: 1432-122X
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter  Qualitätssicherung ; technisches System ; Software ; Sicherheit ; Zuverlässigkeit ; Messung ; Test ; Key words  Quality assurance ; Technical system ; Software ; Safety ; Reliability ; Measure ; Test
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary   Quality assurance of software-based systems requires a comprehensive approach and techniques that can be applied to different components, e.g., software, electronic components, technical processes. To satisfy economical and technical requirements demands adequate solutions. In the following several problem areas and approaches are discussed. The techniques include formally complete safety proofs, statistical analysis of measures, e.g., reliability measures, and informal, but systematic test techniques.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung   Die Qualitätssicherung Software-basierter technischer Systeme erfordert ganzheitliche Betrachtungsweisen und Techniken, die auf unterschiedlich realisierte Systemkomponenten - z.B. Software, elektronische Komponenten, technische Prozesse - gleichermaßen anzuwenden sind. Eine ökonomisch und technisch sinnvolle Qualitätssicherung fordert die Verwendung angepaßter Lösungen. Im folgenden werden Problembereiche umrissen und exemplarische Lösungsansätze diskutiert. Es werden Techniken vorgestellt, die von formal vollständigen Sicherheitsnachweisen über statistisch abgesicherte Analysen von Maßen (z.B. Zuverlässigkeitsmaßen) bis zu informalen, aber systematischen Prüftechniken reichen.
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  • 20
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    Der Radiologe 38 (1998), S. 779-782 
    ISSN: 1432-2102
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Bibliographie ; Software ; Literaturdatenbanken ; Publizieren ; Key words Bibliography ; Software ; Reference management systems ; Publishing
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung A good reference management program should make it easy to record the elements of a reference: author’s name, year of publication, title of article, etc. It should offer tools that let you find and retrieve references quickly, and it should be able to produce the bibliography in the format required for a particular publication. There are many computer programs, but very few stand out as truly useful, time saving, and work enhancing. One of them is EndNote-EndLink. We want to report our experience with this database manager. The functions and the use of the software package EndNote 2.3 for Windows are described. You can create your database or you can download batches of references from one of the popular searching services (e.g. MEDLINE). When you want to cite a reference you simply paste the reference wherever you want your in-text citation to appear. To prepare the bibliography, EndNote scans your article, replaces the place holders with citations and prints the list of references at the end of the manuscript, according with the style that you have chosen. Altogether EndNote provides an excellent combination of features and ease of use.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Ein gutes Programm zur Referenzierung von wissenschaftlicher Literatur weist folgende Eigenschaften auf: Die bibliographischen Angaben (Name des Autors, Publikationsjahr, Titel der Arbeit usw.) können problemlos gespeichert werden, mit den Suchfunktionen findet man schnell die entsprechenden Referenzen, und gemeinsam mit Textverarbeitungsprogrammen kann unter Berücksichtigung verschiedenster Zeitschriftenrichtlinien ein Literaturverzeichnis erstellt werden. Es gibt viele diesbezügliche Computerprogramme, aber nur wenige, die brauchbar, zeitsparend und arbeitserleichternd sind. Eines von diesen ist EndNote-EndLink. Wir wollen über unsere eigenen Erfahrungen mit diesem Referenzmanager berichten. Die Arbeitsweise des Referenzmanagers EndNote 2.3 für Windows wird beschrieben. Mit dem Referenzmanager können bibliographische Daten von Zeitschriftenaufsätzen, Büchern, Buchbeiträgen, Dissertationen und Kongreßdaten erfaßt werden. Außerdem können Daten von anderen Datenbanken, wie beispielsweise MEDLINE, importiert werden. Bei der Erstellung eines Literaturverzeichnisses braucht man die jeweilige Literaturstelle nur zu kopieren und dann an der entsprechenden Stelle in den Text einzufügen. Der Text wird durch EndNote bearbeitet, die Intext-Citations umgewandelt und das Literaturverzeichnis entsprechend den gewünschten Anforderungen erstellt. Zusammenfassend kann EndNote als ein herausragendes und benutzerfreundliches Arbeitsinstrument charakterisiert werden.
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  • 21
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    Journal of mathematical imaging and vision 8 (1998), S. 99-130 
    ISSN: 1573-7683
    Keywords: superposition of periodic structures ; moiré effect ; Fourier analysis ; geometry of numbers ; spectrum support ; dense spectrum ; discrete spectrum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract A new approach is presented for investigating the superposition of any number of periodic structures, and the moiré effects which may result. This approach, which is based on an algebraic analysis of the Fourier-spectrum using concepts from the theory of geometry of numbers, fully explains the properties of the superposition of periodic layers and of their moiré effects. It provides the fundamental notations and tools for investigating, both in the spectral domain and in the image domain, properties of the superposition as a whole (such as periodicity or almost-periodicity), and properties of each of the individual moirés generated in the superposition (such as their profile forms and intensity levels, their singular states, etc.). This new, rather unexpected combination of Fourier theory and geometry of numbers proves very useful, and it offers a profound insight into the structure of the spectrum of the layer superposition and the corresponding properties back in the image domain.
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  • 22
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    Software quality journal 7 (1998), S. 107-122 
    ISSN: 1573-1367
    Keywords: Software ; Process Improvement ; Personal ; Rapid Application Development ; Defect ; Metrics ; Reviews
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract Software organizations can significantly improve the quality of their output if they have a defined and documented software process, together with the appropriate techniques and tools to measure its effectiveness. Without a defined process it is impossible to measure success or focus on how development capability can be enhanced. To date, a number of software process improvement frameworks have been developed and implemented. However, most of these models have been targeted at large-scale producers. Furthermore, they have applied to companies who use traditional development techniques. Smaller companies and those operating in development areas where speed of delivery is paramount have not, as yet, had process improvement paradigms available for adoption. This study examined the software process in a small company and emerged with the recommendation of the use of the Dynamic Systems Development Method (DSDM) and the Personal Software Process (PSP) for achieving software process improvement.
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  • 23
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    Accreditation and quality assurance 2 (1997), S. 360-366 
    ISSN: 1432-0517
    Keywords: Key words Validation ; Qualification ; Computers ; Software ; Analytical ; Laboratories
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract  Software and computer systems are tested during all development phases. The user requirements and functional specifications documents are reviewed by programmers and typical anticipated users. The design specifications are reviewed by peers in one to two day sessions and the source code is inspected by peers, if necessary. Finally, the function and performance of the system is tested by typical anticipated users outside the development department in a real laboratory environment. All development phases including test activities and the final release follow a well-documented procedure.
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  • 24
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    Artificial life and robotics 1 (1997), S. 21-26 
    ISSN: 1614-7456
    Keywords: Evolution ; Software ; Artificial life ; Natural selection ; Artificial selection ; Evolvability ; Ecology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract A review of efforts to implement the process of evolution in a computational medium. The review will cover prominent examples, and discuss the major classes of implementations, their successes, and the obstacles they face.
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  • 25
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    Mathematical geology 29 (1997), S. 953-962 
    ISSN: 1573-8868
    Keywords: time series ; Fourier analysis ; cyclolhems ; Pennsylvanian stratigraphy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Several stratigraphic sequences in the Upper Carboniferous (Pennsylvanian) in Kansas (Midcontinent, USA) were analyzed quantitatively for periodic repetitions. The sequences were coded by lithologic type into strings of datasets. The strings then were analyzed by an adaptation of a one-dimensional Fourier transform analysis and examined for evidence of periodicity. The method was tested using different states in coding to determine the robustness of the method and data. The most persistent response is in multiples of 8–10 ft (2.5–3.0 m) and probably is dependent on the depositional thickness of the original lithologic units. Other cyclicities occurred in multiples of the basic frequency of 8–10 with persistent ones at 22 and 30 feet (6.5–9.0 m) and large ones at 80 and 160 feet (25–50 m). These levels of thickness relate well to the basic cyclothem and megacyclothem as measured on outcrop. We propose that this approach is a suitable one for analyzing cyclic events in the stratigraphic record.
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  • 26
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    Accreditation and quality assurance 1 (1996), S. 24-34 
    ISSN: 1432-0517
    Keywords: Key words Quality assurance ; Instrumentation ; Installation qualification ; Acceptance testing ; Validation ; Software ; Performance control ; Performance verification
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract  The quality process for commercial analytical equipment starts with the selection of the vendor. It is recommended that vendors be selected who are recognized as having quality processes in place for instrument design, development, manufacturing, testing, service, and support, for example, ISO 9001 registration. When the instrument arrives in the laboratory, the installation process should follow well-documented procedures. This includes a visual inspection that the instrument is not damaged and checking that the instrument, documentation and accessories such as cables and tubings are complete. Before the instrument is used it should be verified that it meets functional and performance specification. During operation the instruments should be periodically inspected and tested, verified to meet performance, and calibrated. The instrument should be labeled with the calibration status, indicating the dates of the last successful and the next performance verification and calibration. Defective instruments should be removed from the testing area or should at least be labeled as being "out of order."
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  • 27
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    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 18 (1996), S. 807-821 
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Plasma flow ; magnetohydrodynamics ; PACS 52.70 ; Plasma diagnostic techniques and instrumentation ; Fourier analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Summary Disruptive instabilities were investigated in the small-tokamak TBR-1 during the application of resonant helical magnetic fields created by external helical windings. Indications were found that the main triggering mechanism of the disruption was the rapid increase of them=2/n=1 mode which, apparently after reaching a certain amplitude, interacts with other resistive modes: the internal 1/1 mode in the case of a major disruption, or with higherm components, as the 3/1 or 4/1, in the case of minor disruptions. After the coupling, the growth of the associated islands would create a chaotic field line distribution in the region between the corresponding rational magnetic surfaces which caused the gross particle transport and, finally, destroyed the confinement. In addition, investigations on higherZ eff discharges in which a mixture of helium and hydrogen was used resulted in much more unstable plasmas but apparently did not alter the basic characteristics of the disruptions.
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  • 28
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    Journal of biomolecular NMR 8 (1996), S. 445-452 
    ISSN: 1573-5001
    Keywords: Linear prediction ; FFT ; Maximum entropy ; Signal processing ; MaxEnt ; Software ; Command language ; Graphic user interface
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The Gifa program is designed for processing, displaying and analysing 1D, 2D and 3D NMR data sets. It has been constructed in a modular fashion, based on three independent modules: a set of commands that perform all the basic processing operations such as apodisation functions, a complete set of Fourier Transforms, phasing and baseline correction, peak-picking and line fitting, linear prediction and maximum entropy processing; a set of command language primitives that permit the execution of complex macro commands; and a set of graphic commands that permit to build a complete graphic user interface, allowing the user to interact easily with the program. We have tried to create a versatile program that can be easily extended according to the user's requirements and that is adapted to a novice as well as an experienced user. The program runs on any UNIX computer, with or without graphic display, in interactive or batch mode.
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  • 29
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19 (1996), S. 327-332 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Capillary GC ; Separation performance ; Fourier analysis ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A simple procedure is presented for determining separation performance of HRGC analysis of multicomponent mixtures. The procedure is based on the computation of Autocovariance Function (EACVF) from the digitized experimental chromatogram. Graphic inspection of the EACVF plot permits easy computation of the width value of the single component peak, σ; from the EACVF value at t=O the number of component in the mixture, m, can be simply derived. From these two basic quantities all the other chromatographic performance attributes can be calculated. The consistency of the procedure is tested for different chromatograms and compared with the more complex EACVF fitting method. Several features of the multicomponent chromatogram, overloading effects included, are directly detected.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 30
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    Computational complexity 5 (1995), S. 205-221 
    ISSN: 1420-8954
    Keywords: Lower-bound ; complexity ; Fourier analysis ; 68Q25 ; 68Q99
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract We use Fourier analysis to get general lower bounds for the probabilistic communication complexity of large classes of functions. We give some examples showing how to use our method in some known cases and for some new functions. Our main tool is an inequality by Kahn, Kalai, and Linial, derived from two lemmas of Beckner.
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  • 31
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    Psychopharmacology 117 (1995), S. 162-165 
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Tardive dyskinesia Instrumental assessment ; Movement disorders Digital image processing ; Fourier analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The present study was performed to investigate the reliability and validity of a new device for the assessment of oral dyskinesias by means of digital image processing. Twenty schizophrenic patients with tardive dyskinesia (TD) and ten healthy controls were studied. In patients instrumental scores were compared to different clinical rating scale scores. Measurements were repeated after 2 weeks under the same circumstances to assess test-retest stability. Instrumental scores discriminated well between normal subjects and dyskinetic patients and correlated significantly with clinical ratings (r=0.63). The test-retest correlations showed a correspondence not larger than 40%, detecting thus the fluctuation of the TD intensity over time. These results suggest that our device is a reliable and easy to handle technique for the assessment of TD. Furthermore, the ability of the device to analyze the frequency distribution of movements makes it a useful tool for the quantitative and qualitative analysis of TD.
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  • 32
    ISSN: 1619-1560
    Keywords: heart rate ; diabetic neuropathies ; Fourier analysis ; parasympathetic nervous system ; sympathetic nervous system ; regression analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A total of 24 subjects with type I insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus were studied. Cardiac parasympathetic function was measured by supine heart rate variability (HRV) in the respiratory frequency 0.10–0.50 Hz and the sympathetic index was measured as the ratio of HRV between 0.055 and 0.098 Hz to that between 0.004 and 0.5 Hz. Factors assessing diabetic control and complications, and factors unrelated to diabetes but possibly influencing HRV, were recorded. Association with depressed HRV was assessed with correlation, and prediction of depressed HRV was determined with multiple regression. Factors associated with depressed HRV but not independently predictive were renal dysfunction and elevated thyroid stimulating hormone. Elevated glycosylated haemoglobin was not significantly correlated with depressed HRV. Four factors (presence of diabetic retinopathy, male gender, duration of diabetes and increasing age) were significant in the regression and sufficed to predict 81% of the sample variance. The relative weights (β) were −0.65, 0.40, −0.40 and 0.26, respectively. Supine sympathetic index was not sufficient to demonstrate sympathetic dysfunction. It is proposed that the regression model may be used to identify patients likely to have cardiac parasympathetic autonomic dysfunction.
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  • 33
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    Documenta ophthalmologica 90 (1995), S. 143-155 
    ISSN: 1573-2622
    Keywords: Electroretinogram ; Fourier analysis ; Naka-Rushton equation ; Obesity surgical therapy ; Oscillatory potentials ; Vitamin A deficiency
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract New possible causes and unexplored aspects of the electroretinogram were evaluated in a case of vitamin A deficiency secondary to surgical therapy for morbid obesity. The Naka-Rushton equation, applied to the scotopic b-wave, demonstrated the quantal catch reduction caused by the loss of rhodopsin in the outer segment of photoreceptors. Study of the Fourier analysis of the photopic 20-Hz response suggested a primary involvement of the external retinal layers, with an indirect alteration of the inner layer. The electroretinogram oscillatory potentials showed alterations explained by the involvement of their generators related to the primary photoreceptor lesion.
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  • 34
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    Annals of biomedical engineering 23 (1995), S. 482-490 
    ISSN: 1573-9686
    Keywords: Fourier analysis ; Transparency ; Opacity ; Scaling ; Cataract
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Abstract Power law analysis provides a quantitative method for characterization of spatial fluctuations in the cellular microstructure of the ocular lens. In the power law analysis, Fourier components of the spatial fluctuations are computed, and the relationship between the amplitude, A, and spatial frequency, f, of the components is defined by a power law function: |A|2≈(1/f)β. The exponent of the function, β, defines the scaling of the amplitude of the Fourier components as a function of spatial frequency. We performed two-dimensional power law analysis on electron micrographs of lens cells ranging from transparent to opaque. We identified two values of power law exponent, β, for the spatial fluctuations of all lens cells, one for low-and a second for high-spatial frequencies. In the low-spatial frequency region, the value of β was in the range of 0.53 to 1.33, for transparent and opaque cells. In the high-spatial frequency region, the value of β increased from 2.78 for transparent lens cells to 3.60 for opaque lens cells. The power law analysis provides a new method for quantitative characterization of the spatial fluctuations in the microstructure of transparent and opaque lens cells.
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  • 35
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    Annals of biomedical engineering 23 (1995), S. 772-786 
    ISSN: 1573-9686
    Keywords: Spatial co-occurrence matrix ; Fourier analysis ; Image processing ; Textural analysis ; Protein distribution ; Superfusion ; Aging ; Entropy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Abstract Many pathologies are age-related, e.g., cardiovascular disease generally occurs in midlife and cancer later in life. This suggests that aging predisposes the body to pathology. Plasma protein spatial distribution images of rat mesentery extracellular matrix (ECM) show texture due to the ECM structures, and there is an age-related decrease in tissue protein that may be related to matrix structure changes. The objective of this study was to compare changes in protein image texture under two conditions: superfusion with normal saline solution and aging. The decrease in soluble protein concentration during superfusion is a washout process, while the mechanism for the age-related decrease in tissue protein is unknown. Therefore, effects of aging and superfusion on tissue protein image texture were compared. Spatial co-occurence matrix and Fourier analysis techniques have been used for texture evaluation. Superfused images showed a more uniform protein texture. There were gradual age-related changes in image texture parameters. Entropy increased with age from 140 to 630 days, indicating that protein distribution became more disorganized. The results suggest that changes in protein image texture are due to age-related alterations in matrix structure because removing only protein by superfusion had opposite effects on texture parameters.
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  • 36
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    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 38 (1995), S. 371-397 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Helmholtz equation ; least squares ; Galerkin method ; Fourier analysis ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: In this paper a Galerkin least-squares (GLS) finite element method, in which residuals in least-squares form are added to the standard Galerkin variational equation, is developed to solve the Helmholtz equation in two dimensions. An important feature of GLS methods is the introduction of a local mesh parameter that may be designed to provide accurate solutions with relatively coarse meshes. Previous work has accomplished this for the one-dimensional Helmholtz equation using dispersion analysis. In this paper, the selection of the GLS mesh parameter for two dimensions is considered, and leads to elements that exhibit improved phase accuracy. For any given direction of wave propagation, an optimal GLS mesh parameter is determined using two-dimensional Fourier analysis. In general problems, the direction of wave propagation will not be known a priori. In this case, an optimal GLS parameter is found which reduces phase error for all possible wave vector orientations over elements. The optimal GLS parameters are derived for both consistent and lumped mass approximations. Several numerical examples are given and the results compared with those obtained from the Galerkin method. The extension of GLS to higher-order quadratic interpolations is also presented.
    Additional Material: 20 Ill.
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  • 37
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    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 20 (1995), S. 1003-1022 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: incompressible flow ; mixed formulations ; stabilized algorithms ; Fourier analysis ; finite elements ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: We present a method to assess the stability of pairs of interpolation spaces for mixed formulations. The method is based on a straightforward calculation of the eigenvalues of the discrete matrices through Fourier decomposition in plane waves and is intended to give, via straightforward numerical computations, a sharper determination of stability than the well-known ‘patch test’ of Zienkiewicz et al. Special attention is devoted to the study of stability and accuracy of equal-order interpolations.
    Additional Material: 34 Ill.
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  • 38
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    BIT 34 (1994), S. 177-204 
    ISSN: 1572-9125
    Keywords: 65F10 ; 15A06 ; 65F90 ; 65K10 ; Conjugate gradient method ; preconditioning ; incomplete factorization ; polynomial preconditioner ; matrix-free method ; Fourier analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Preconditioning strategies based on incomplete factorizations and polynomial approximations are studied through extensive numerical experiments. We are concerned with the question of the optimal rate of convergence that can be achieved for these classes of preconditioners. Our conclusion is that the well-known Modified Incomplete Cholesky factorization (MIC), cf. e.g., Gustafsson [20], and the polynomial preconditioning based on the Chebyshev polynomials, cf. Johnson, Micchelli and Paul [22], have optimal order of convergence as applied to matrix systems derived by discretization of the Poisson equation. Thus for the discrete two-dimensional Poisson equation withn unknowns,O(n 1/4) andO(n 1/2) seem to be the optimal rates of convergence for the Conjugate Gradient (CG) method using incomplete factorizations and polynomial preconditioners, respectively. The results obtained for polynomial preconditioners are in agreement with the basic theory of CG, which implies that such preconditioners can not lead to improvement of the asymptotic convergence rate. By optimizing the preconditioners with respect to certain criteria, we observe a reduction of the number of CG iterations, but the rates of convergence remain unchanged.
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  • 39
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    Dysphagia 9 (1994), S. 47-53 
    ISSN: 1432-0460
    Keywords: Deglutition disorders ; Modified barium swallow ; Deglutition ; Information storage and retrieval ; Database ; Software
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Every center that carries out the modified barium swallow (MBS) has a potential storehouse of useful clinical and radiological information filed away in the patient's files and in the center's video library. The modified barium swallow database automates the recording, storage, and analysis of this information. This project utilizes a standardized clinical and radiological data form which provides a consistent approach to the reporting of the MBS results. The information on the data form is entered into the MBS database software program for decoding and permanent storage. This database program, designed for the computer novice, is menu driven to simplify operation. Once the patient information is verified on the computer screen, the program can generate different types of reports for clinical and research purposes. The program has routines to search for patients with any clinical or radiological findings of interest. The ability to group and recall patients with specific findings has been an aid in teaching, peer review, and research. The program has been modified based upon feedback and experience at three centers in Toronto that have used it for 9 months.
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  • 40
    ISSN: 1573-5001
    Keywords: Automated assignment ; Proteins ; Software
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The peptide sequential assignment algorithm presented here was implemented as a macro within the CONnectivity TRacing ASsignment Tools (CONTRAST) computer software package. The algorithm provides a semi- or fully automated global means of sequentially assigning the NMR backbone resonances of proteins. The program's performance is demonstrated here by its analysis of realistic computer-generated data for IIIGlc, a 168-residue signal-transducing protein of Escherichia coli [Pelton et al. (1991) Biochemistry, 30, 10043–10057]. Missing experimental data (19 resonances) were generated so that a complete assignment set could be tested. The algorithm produces sequential assignments from appropriate peak lists of nD NMR data. It quantifies the ambiguity of each assignment and provides ranked alternatives. A ‘best first’ approach, in which high-scoring local assignments are made before and in preference to lower scoring assignments, is shown to be superior (in terms of the current set of CONTRAST scoring routines) to approaches such as simulated annealing that seek to maximize the combined scores of the individual assignments. The robustness of the algorithm was tested by evaluating the effects of imposed frequency imprecision (scatter), added false signals (noise), missing peaks (incomplete data), and variation in userdefined tolerances on the performance of the algorithm.
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  • 41
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    Journal of biomolecular NMR 4 (1994), S. 603-614 
    ISSN: 1573-5001
    Keywords: Proteins ; Resonance assignments ; Data analysis ; Software ; Structure determination
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary NMR View is a computer program designed for the visualization and analysis of NMR data. It allows the user to interact with a practically unlimited number of 2D, 3D and 4D NMR data files. Any number of spectral windows can be displayed on the screen in any size and location. Automatic peak picking and facilitated peak analysis features are included to aid in the assignment of complex NMR spectra. NMR View provides structure analysis features and data transfer to and from structure generation programs, allowing for a tight coupling between spectral analysis and structure generation. Visual correlation between structures and spectra can be done with the Molecular Data Viewer, a molecular graphics program with bidirectional communication to NMR View. The user interface can be customized and a command language is provided to allow for the automation of various tasks.
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  • 42
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    Journal of systems integration 4 (1994), S. 33-49 
    ISSN: 1573-8787
    Keywords: Software ; automation ; computer-aided prototyping ; maintenance ; formal models ; soltware engineering ; software merging ; change integration ; cose tools ; clicing
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract As software becomes more complex, more sophisticated development and maintenance methods are needed to ensure software quality. Computer-aided prototyping achieves this via quickly built and iteratively updated prototypes of the intended system. This process requires automated support for keeping track of many independent changes and for exploring different combinations of alternative changes and refinements. This article formalizes the update and change merging process, extends the idea to multiple changes to the same base prototype, and introduces a new method of slicing prototypes. Applications of this technology include automatic updating of different versions of existing software with changes made to the baseline version of the system, integrating changes made by different design teams during development, and checking consistency after integration of seemingly disjoint changes to the same software system.
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  • 43
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    Journal of statistical physics 76 (1994), S. 1005-1043 
    ISSN: 1572-9613
    Keywords: Wave propagation ; spatiotemporal bifurcation theory ; biorthogonal decomposition ; Fourier analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract By using biorthogonal decompositions, we show how uniformly propagating waves, togehter with their velocity, shape, and amplitude, can be extracted from a spatiotemporal signal consisting of the superposition of various traveling waves. The interaction between the different waves manifests itself in space-time resonances in case of a discrete biorthogonal spectrum and in resonant wavepackets in case of a continuous biorthogonal spectrum. Resonances appear as invariant subspaces under the biorthogonal operator, which leads to closed sets of algebraic equations. The analysis is then extended to superpositions of dispersive waves for which the (Fourier) dispersion relation is no longer linear. We then show how a space-time bifurcation, namely a qualitative change in the spatiotemporal nature of the solution, occurs when the biorthogonal operator is a nonholomorphic function of a parameter. This takes place when two eigenvalues are degenerate in the biorthogonal spectrum and when the spatial and temporal eigenvectors rotate within each eigenspace. Such a scenario applied to the superposition of traveling waves leads to the generation of additional waves propagating at new velocities, which can be computed from the spatial and temporal eigenmodes involved in the process (namely the shape of the propagating waves slightly before the bifurcation). An eigenvalue degeneracy, however, does not necessarily lead to a bifurcation, a situation we refer to as being self-avoiding. We illustrate our theoretical predictions by giving examples of bifurcating and self-avoiding events in propagating phenomena.
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  • 44
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    Experimental astronomy 3 (1994), S. 181-182 
    ISSN: 1572-9508
    Keywords: UKIRT ; CGS4 ; Instrumentation ; Software
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We describe the four software modules that have lead to highly automated observing with CGS4 on UKIRT.
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  • 45
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 17 (1994), S. 839-850 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Capillary GC ; Chemometry ; Fourier analysis ; Multicomponent mixture chromatograms ; PCB analysis ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Aroclor and Aroclor mixture chromatograms obtained using temperature programmed high resolution capillary GC coupled with mass spectrometric selective detection have been investigated by Fourier analysis developed for the study of multicomponent chromatograms. The experimental autocorrelation function (EACF), i.e. peak shape and position correlation, showed a retention - structure pattern which could be associated with both the type of Aroclor and the ion used for selective ion monitoring (m/z value). In particular, o-m and m-m isomerization effects were singled out by EACF analysis. By fitting EACF with previously developed theoretical models, it was possible to characterize a specific Aroclor in terms of the number of PCB congeners present in it. The results obtained agreed closely with the typical Aroclor content. For the Aroclor mixture, the distribution of inter-distance between successive peaks was derived. The two first distribution moments obtained agreed with those derived from retention data reported in the literature. The consequences on the separation performance, i.e. the number of singlets, doublets, etc. in the chromatogram, are discussed.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 46
    ISSN: 1615-2573
    Keywords: Source pressure ; Fourier analysis ; Contraction duration ; Shortening deactivation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary By fitting isovolumic phases of an ejecting beat with a model-wave function, one can predict source pressure of the ejecting beat (Sunagawa et al.Trans Biomed Eng 1980; 27:299–305), this being a major determinant of systolic performance. Prior applications of this principle have involved two assumptions: (1) that the isovolumic pressure wave is shaped like an inverted cosine wave, and (2) that duration of an isovolumic beat is the same as that of an ejecting beat. The first assumption might cause overestimation of source pressure, since an isovolumic pressure wave begins declining before the midpoint of the wave. The second assumption might cause underestimation of source pressure, since an ejecting beat is always shorter than an adjacent isovolumic beat at the ejecting beat's enddiastolic volume. Although the two errors tend to cancel, it would be more rational and accurate to use a realistic model wave shape and a realistic isovolumic beat duration. To acquire the information necessary for this, pressure and volume time courses were measured during ejecting beats and adjacent isovolumic beats in dogs under the following steady-state conditions: basal, atrial pacing at various rates, infusion of dobutamine, infusion of verapamil, coronary ligation(s), and ventricular pacing at various sites. These conditions affected the amplitude and duration of isovolumic pressure waves substantially but did not affect the shape of the waves significantly. The duration of each isovolumic beat exceeded that of the previous ejecting beat to a degree which corresponded approximately to the ejecting beat's normalized pressure reserve (source pressure minus peak ejection pressure)/(source pressure). A more accurate source-pressure prediction should be possible by use of a realistic isovolumic pressure-wave shape and by taking account of the effect of pressure reserve on contraction duration.
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  • 47
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    Computational economics 6 (1993), S. 201-217 
    ISSN: 1572-9974
    Keywords: Software ; industrial organization ; monopoly ; quality ; copying
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Economics
    Notes: Abstract I examine the incentives for software providers to design appropriate user interfaces. There are two sorts of costs involved when one uses software: the fixed cost of learning to use a piece of software and the variable cost of operating the software. I show that a monopoly provider of software generally invests the right amount of resources in making the software easy to learn, but too little in making it easy to operate. In some extreme cases a monopolist may even make the softwaretoo easy to learn.
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  • 48
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    Perspectives in drug discovery and design 1 (1993), S. 345-358 
    ISSN: 1573-9023
    Keywords: Computer-aided drug design ; Hardware ; Software ; Networks ; Supercomputers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary A primary role of computational science and supercomputing technology in pharmaceutical research is to expedite the discovery and development process using a balance of database applications, data generation applications, and data analysis and visualization applications. Data generation applications include familiar algorithms based on physical theory, such as molecular mechanics and quantum mechanics. The usefulness of computational chemistry to the pharmaceutical (and chemical) industry depends on its ability to provide knowledge about the structure and properties of substances and the transformations they undergo. The complexity of realistic model calculations and the time-critical nature of the results require high-performance computing to discover and test ideas for novel compounds that will be useful in therapeutic intervention.
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  • 49
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    Microscopy Research and Technique 25 (1993), S. 304-313 
    ISSN: 1059-910X
    Keywords: Quantitative morphology ; Stereology ; Morphometry ; Software ; Tutorials ; Toolkits ; Simulators ; Immunogold ; In situ hybridization ; Gene expression ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: A well-deserved criticism of stereology is that it is often too difficult to understand and use. Nevertheless, it is rapidly becoming one of the most effective ways of collecting and interpreting structural data in experimental biology. Recent breakthroughs in theory have produced a remarkable set of tools that can be used to engineer new methods. The dilemma remains, however, in that some of these new methods continue to be too difficult to understand and use. One solution to this growing problem of technology transfer might be to simplify the methods with computer software. To test this idea, programs were written for quantitative immunogold and in situ hybridization. Simulators were used to develop and test new experimental designs, which, in turn, were translated into step-by-step laboratory toolkits. This paper shows how these toolkits can turn two-dimensional section data into estimates for the number of labeled molecules in three-dimensional organelles, cells, tissues, and organs. The results indicate that software can identify the key data of an experiment and reduce the computational requirements of a new stereological method to entering constants and variables into data entry forms. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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    Annals of the Institute of Statistical Mathematics 44 (1992), S. 13-25 
    ISSN: 1572-9052
    Keywords: Fourier analysis ; array estimation ; velocity estimation ; space-time spectral analysis ; random media ; random arrays ; frequency wavenumber processing
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Consider the situation where a plane wave signal is received by a spatial arrangement of recorders. Information derived from observations on such a process can be used to determine the speed and direction of the signal together with properties of the medium through which the signal is being propagated. Certain models for the case where the signal velocity can be regarded as stochastic and where the array is irregular are investigated and estimation procedures proposed. A major practical property of these models is that, unlike their deterministic counterparts, coherence decays to zero as distance between recorders increases.
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    Amino acids 3 (1992), S. 1-23 
    ISSN: 1438-2199
    Keywords: Amino acids ; Computers ; Inborn errors of metabolism ; Models ; Protein synthesis ; Software ; Systems analysis ; Urea
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary This article briefly summarises various aspects of building a model, before reviewing some models of protein turnover, the metabolism of selected amino acids, and urea synthesis in human subjects. Some software for use in modelling is noted. An Appendix lists terms with descriptions and definitions, which are often employed in modelling.
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  • 52
    ISSN: 1619-7089
    Keywords: Technetium-99m methoxyisobutylisonitrile single photon emission tomography (SPET) ; Amplitude images ; Fourier analysis ; Thallium-201 SPET
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract To determine the role of rest and stress gated technetium-99m methoxyisobutylisonitrile (sestamibi), in the detection of coronary artery disease, routine Fourier analysis of these images was performed with the best septal left anterior oblique (LAO) position of 20 patients (17 men, 3 women; aged 40–75 years) who also underwent rest or redistribution/stress single photon emission tomography (SPET) (99mTc-sestamibi and Thallium-201), gated blood pool imaging and coronary angiogram. There were 6 patients with single-vessel disease, 6 with two-vessel disease, 4 with three-vessel disease, 2 with coronary spasms, 1 with a patent graft and 1 with anginal episodes but a normal angiogram result. Three normal volunteers (2 women, 1 man; aged 24–26 years) also had rest and stress gated blood pool as well as rest and stress gated 99mTc-sestamibi imaging. Rest and stress 99mTc-ses-tamibi amplitude and phase images depicted regional myocardial wall shortening from the outer layer of the myocardium to the center of the left ventricle as follows a high amplitude halo of maximal negative count rate variaton; a circular thinner halo of negligible amplitude; a central region of maximal positive count rate variation, as the images evolved from end-diastole to end-systole. Similar patterns with regional differences represented abnormal myocardial wall shortening. (99mTc-sestamibi and 201T1 SPET) images were in agreement in 90% of the patients and 92% of myocardial regions. 201T1 SPET detected 83% of angiographically proven lesions, as compared with 80% for 99mTc-setamibi SPET and 80% for the amplitude images. The amplitude images demonstrated a larger number of other abnormalities not predicted on the angiogram, probably because they were able to detect regions with a potential for flow improvement and transient regional wall shortening abnormalities. Amplitude and phase analyses of gated rest and stress 99mTc-ses-tamibi images are easy to perform and may become an important adjunct to (99mTc-sestamibi SPET) images for a complete evaluation of both regional myocardial perfusion and regional contractile function using a single tracer.
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  • 53
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    Hydrobiologia 247 (1992), S. 109-117 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Crassostrea cucullata ; Fourier analysis ; shell form ; shell length ; regression analysis ; environmental factors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Variations of shell form and shell length were studied for oysters growing in the mangroves of Gazi Creek, Kenya, and related to different environmental factors. For the study of the form, Fourier analysis was performed on the circumference of 85 oysters. The resulting coefficients were compared among specimens using cluster analysis. The correspondence between this classification and substrate diameter is virtually perfect (only one misclassification out of 85 oysters). For the clusters based on height above chart datum, 9 specimens, all on intermediate height levels, were misclassified. Orientation with respect to tidal current had 13 misclassifications. Mangrove species seemed to influence form only marginally, if at all. In the study of the size ofCrassostrea cucullata, the length of 956 oysters, growing along two transects were measured, and correlated with several environmental factors. Oyster length was not related to substrate diameter or its orientation with respect to the main current. Length was not influenced by density up to a cover of 70%. For densities higher than 70%, there was a fairly strong negative correlation (r 2 = 0.634,n = 217). Length was not correlated with height above bottom (base of the tree) for heights lower than 20 cm, while oysters growing closer to the bottom were smaller. The correlation with height above chart datum was negative but very low (r 2 = 0.060,n = 957). However, if all measurements of oysters closer than 20 cm to the bottom, and all from a density of more than 70% cover are deleted from the data set, the correlation with height increased dramatically, the slope still being negative (r 2 = 0.859,n = 543).
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  • 54
    ISSN: 1573-6792
    Keywords: Obsessive-compulsive disorder ; EEG ; Theta rhythm ; Fourier analysis ; Coefficient of variations
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Spectral EEG characteristics of thirteen patients with severe Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) were investigated topographically. The finding of predominantly left posterior frontal to mid-temporal theta-2 is discussed in light of previous EEG studies and recent neuroradiologic findings.
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    Brain topography 4 (1992), S. 309-319 
    ISSN: 1573-6792
    Keywords: Principal components ; Isotropicity ; Complex statistics ; Electroencephalography ; Equivalent dipoles ; Fourier analysis ; Brain mapping
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The structure of the normal resting EEG crosspectrum Svv(ω) is analyzed using complex multivariate statistics. Exploratory data analysis with Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is followed by hypothesis testing and computer simulations related to possible neural generators. The Svv(ω) of 211 normal individuals (ages 5 to 97) may be decomposed into two types of processes: the ξ process with spatial isotropicity reflecting diffuse, correlated cortical generators with radial symmetry, and processes that seem to be generated by more spatially concentrated, correlated sources. The latter are reflected as spectral peaks such as the process. The eigenvectors of the ξ process are the Spherical Harmonic Functions which explains the recurring pattern of maps characteristic of the spatial PCA of qEEG data. A new method for estimating sources in the frequency domain which fits dipoles to the whole crosspectrum is applied to explain the characteristics of the localized sources.
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  • 56
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    Microscopy Research and Technique 21 (1992), S. 338-346 
    ISSN: 1059-910X
    Keywords: Tutorial ; Electron microscopy ; Light microscopy ; Software ; Quantitative morphology ; Stereology ; Morphometry ; Simulations ; Terminology ; Data types ; Sampling ; Hierarchies ; Interpretation of data ; Bio-Matrix Project ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: This paper describes a computer-aided tutorial for biological stereology. Stereology, a type of quantitative morphology, includes a collection of statistical methods that quantify the structural compartments that can be viewed in sections with light and electron microscopy. These methods provide volume, surface, length, shape, and number data, and help define the quantitative relationships among the structural compartments of biological hierarchies. Hierarchies, which connect structural data ranging in size from molecules to organs, serve as a central core to which the data of biological databases can be linked. The tutorial focuses on two objectives. It provides the user primarily interested in using quantitative morphology databases with background information, and offers a set of state-of-the-art tools to researchers wishing to use these methods in the laboratory. The main topics of the tutorial include: introduction to quantitative morphology, symbols/terms, data types, sampling, hierarchies, data interpretation, and utilities. The tutorial runs under the MS-DOS operating system and requires at least an IBM PC AT (or compatible), a color monitor (EGA, VGA), 540 KB of RAM, and 3 MB of hard disk space. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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  • 57
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    Microscopy Research and Technique 21 (1992), S. 292-299 
    ISSN: 1059-910X
    Keywords: Morphometry ; Histology ; Cytology ; Software ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: This paper presents a snapshot view of the influence and direction of microcomputer technology for image analysis techniques in diagnostic pathology.Microcomputers have had considerable impact in bringing image analysis to wider application. Semi-automated tracing techniques are a simple means of providing objective data and assist in a wide range of diagnostic problems. From the common theme of reducing subjectivity in diagnostic assessment, an extensive body of research has accrued. Some studies have addressed the need for quality control for reliable, routine application.Video digitizer cards bring digital image analysis within the reach of laboratory budgets, providing powerful tools for investigation of a wide range of cellular and tissue features. The use of staining procedures compatible with quantitative evaluation has become equally important. As well as assisting scene segmentation, cytochemical and immunochemical staining techniques relate the data to biological processes.With the present state of the art, practical use of microcomputer based image analysis is impaired by limitations of information extraction and specimen throughput. Recent advances in colour video imaging provide an extra dimension in the analysis of multi-spectral stains. Improvements will also be felt with predictable increase in speed of microprocessors, and with single chip devices which deliver video rate processing. If the full potential of this hardware is realized, high-speed, routine analysis becomes feasible. In addition, a microcomputer imaging system can play host to companion functions, such as image archiving and transmission.With this outlook, the use of microcomputers for image analysis in diagnostic pathology is certain to increase. However, it is the software in both design and concept which ultimately governs the performance which can be achieved. Progress may be made by structured software techniques, by application of mathematical principles, or by use of expert systems for data or image interpretation. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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    Microscopy Research and Technique 21 (1992), S. 255-261 
    ISSN: 1059-910X
    Keywords: Sterology ; Morphometry ; Quantitative morphology ; Computers ; Software ; Tutorials ; Simulations ; Databases ; Bio-Matrix Project ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: The development of a quantitative structural platform for experimental biology - extending across a hierarchy of sizes ranging from molecules to organisms - has been punctuated by a series of major achievements over the last 30 years. Stereology, a form of quantitative morphology, has contributed handsomely to this success. A personal view is presented highlighting key events in the development of biological stereology. We also examine stereology with a view toward future developments in biology and speculate how stereology might contribute to the new biological infrastructure currently being built with computers. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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  • 59
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    Microscopy Research and Technique 21 (1992), S. 262-270 
    ISSN: 1059-910X
    Keywords: Stereology ; Software ; Coordinate geometry ; Volume density, Surface density ; Numerical density ; Serial sections ; Light microscopy ; Electron microscopy ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: The use of computers in morphometry can involve (1) automated image analysis, semiautomated image analysis and point, intersection, intercept and profile counts of two-dimensional images on tissue sections with mathematical extrapolation to the third dimension, (2) direct measurement of volumes, surfaces, lengths, and curvature using x,y,z coordinates of serial sectioned images, or (3) stereologic techniques and serial sections which is a combination of 1 and 2 above. Automated and semiautomated image analysis are generally restricted to specimens that are characterized by differential contrast such as interalveolar septa in the lung or histochemically stained mucous granules in pulmonary epithelium. Point, intersection, and profile counts using hand-held, notebook PCs, portable PCs, or standard PCs and MS-DOS - based application programs are extremely efficient, precise, affordable, and convenient methods of quantitating average values of a population. When morphometric measurements of individual structures are required, computer-assisted three-dimensional reconstruction using x,y,z coordinates of the surface outline from serial sections is a tedious yet precise method. We describe a computer program that efficiently estimates mean caliper diameter, volume, and surface area with less than five percent error with five sections per structure. We also describe a program that does digital image subtraction on serial sections, superimposes digitally generated test systems on biological images, and accumulates point, intersection, and profile counts using a Macintosh II series computer. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 64 (1992), S. 748-749 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Computer ; Software ; thermische Prozesse ; Strömungsrohrapparate ; Simulation ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    European journal of applied physiology 63 (1991), S. 300-307 
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Keywords: Oxygen uptake ; Carbon dioxide output ; Ventilation ; Pseudorandom binary sequence ; Fourier analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The dynamics of ventilation (VE), oxygen uptake (VO2), carbon dioxide output (VCO2), and heart rate (f c) were studied in 12 healthy young men during upright and supine exercise. Responses to maximal and to two different types of submaximal exercise tests were contrasted. During incremental exercise to exhaustion, the maximal work rate, VO2max, VEmax, f c,max, and ventilatory threshold were all significantly reduced in supine compared to upright exercise (P〈0.01–0.001). Following step increases or decreases in work rate between 25 W and 105 W, both VO2 and VCO2 responded more slowly in supine than upright exericse. Dynamics were also studied in two different pseudorandom binary-sequence (PRBS) exercise tests, with the work rate varying between 25 W and 105 W with either 5-s or 30-s durations of each PRBS unit. In both of these tests, there were no differences caused by body position in the amplitude or phase shifts obtained from Fourier analysis for any observed variable. These data show that the body position alters the dynamic response to the more traditional step increase in work rate, but not during PRBS exercise. It is speculated that the elevation of cardiac output observed with supine exercise in combination with the continuously varying work-rate pattern of the PRBS exercise allowed adequate, perhaps near steady-state, perfusion of the working muscles in these tests, whereas at the onset of a step increase in work rate, greater demands were placed on the mechanisms of blood flow redistribution.
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 13 (1991), S. 579-597 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Diffusion-convection ; Fourier analysis ; Stability ; Artificial viscosity ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: This paper develops a stability analysis of second-order, two- and three-time-level difference schemes for the 2D linear diffusion-convection model problem. The corresponding 1D schemes have been extensively analysed in two previous papers by the same author. Most of these 2D schemes obviously generalize 1D schemes, i.e. their stencil only uses the nearest points and defines ‘product difference schemes’; however, the stability results are not always the exact generalization of the 1D stability properties. Moreover, the 1D nonviscous MFTCS scheme may only be generalized if one uses a nine-point scheme. Numerical experiments for different values of the cell Reynolds number allow a comparison to be made between the theoretical and numerical stability limits.
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    Documenta ophthalmologica 76 (1990), S. 65-71 
    ISSN: 1573-2622
    Keywords: Coefficient of variation ; domain of frequency ; domain of time ; Fourier analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The dark-adapted and light-adaped electroretinograms of 13 subjects with 23 normal eyes were analyzed by means of Fourier spectrum. The oscillatory potentials in the time domain were filtered out from the electroretinogram after a corresponding bandpass was given in the frequency domain. The coefficient of variation of total power, dominant power and dominant frequency of the isolated oscillatory potentials in the frequency domain, summed amplitudes and area of the isolated oscillatory potentials, each amplitude and implicit time of the first four major oscillatory potential wavelets in the time domain were compared. The implicit time showed the smallest coefficient of variation; summed amplitudes of OP1 to OP4 showed smaller coefficients of variation than those of the area, the amplitude of each oscillatory potential wavelet, dominant frequency and dominant and total power. The coefficient of variation of these measurement parameters in light-adapted electroretinograms was smaller than those in dark-adapted electroretinograms.
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  • 64
    ISSN: 1741-0444
    Keywords: Aortic regurgitation ; Arterial compliance ; Fourier analysis ; Impedance ; Mean aortic pressure ; Peripheral resistance ; Windkessel model
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Three methods for measuring arterial compliance when aortic regurgitation is present are examined. The first two methods are based on a Windkessel model composed of two elements, compliance C and resistance R. Arterial compliance was estimated from diastolic pressure waveforms and diastolic regurgitant flow for one method, and from systolic aortic pressure waveforms and systolic flow for the other method. The third method was based on a three-element Windkessel model, composed of characteristic resistance r, compliance C and resistance R. In this method arterial compliance was calculated by adjusting the model to the modulus and phase of the first harmonic term of the aortic input impedance. The three methods were compared and validated in six anaesthetised pigs over a broad range of aortic pressures. The three methods were found to give quantitatively similar estimates of arterial compliance at mean aortic pressures above 60 mm Hg. Below 60 mm Hg, estimates of arterial compliance varied widely, probably because of poor validity of the Windkessel models in the low pressure range.
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 11 (1990), S. 427-444 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Fourier analysis ; Eulerian-Lagrangian ; Least squares ; Transport ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A Fourier analysis was performed in order to study the numerical characteristics of the effective Eulerian-Lagrangian least squares collocation (ELLESCO) method. As applied to the transport equation, ELLESCO requires a C1-continuous trial space and has two degrees of freedom per node. Two coupled discrete equations are generated for a typical interior node for a one-dimensional problem. Each degree of freedom is expanded separately in a Fourier series and is substituted into the discrete equations to form a homogeneous matrix equation. The required singularity of the system matrix leads to a ‘physical’ amplification factor that characterizes the numerical propagation of the initial conditions and a ‘computational’ one that can affect stability.Unconditional stability for time-stepping weights greater than or equal to 0-5 is demonstrated. With advection only, ELLESCO accurately propagates spatial wavelengths down to 2Δx. As the dimensionless dispersion number becomes large, implicit formulations accurately propagate the phase, but the higher-wave-number components are underdamped. At large dispersion numbers, phase errors combined with underdamping cause oscillations in Crank-Nicolson solutions. These effects lead to limits on the temporal discretization when dispersion is present. Increases in the number of collocation points per element improve the spectral behaviour of ELLESCO.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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  • 66
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    Computers and the humanities 23 (1989), S. 277-283 
    ISSN: 1572-8412
    Keywords: Statistics ; correlation analysis ; principal components analysis ; time series analysis ; Fourier analysis ; semantic patterning ; imagery
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Media Resources and Communication Sciences, Journalism
    Notes: Abstract This paper describes a computer-assisted analysis of semantic patterning in William Blake'sThe Four Zoas and considers the way in which such patterns contribute to the structure and meaning of the work. The analysis involves examining combinations and recombinations of images across the text for concentrations of images and images groups, recurring images, and patterns in the distribution of individual images and clusters of images. Statistical correlation routines were used to determine the degree of correlation among images across the extire text as well as in specific text segments. Principal components analysis enabled identifying thematic clusters of images, and the distribution of these clusters across these text were in turn examined to determine their patterning. Finally, time series analysis and Fourier analysis were used to find and verify patterns in the distribution of images across the text. Fourier analysis revealed striking patterns in the distribution of imagery in theZoas, which suggests that Blake may have used such patterns to help convey the poem's powerful thematic statements.
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  • 67
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    Pure and applied geophysics 131 (1989), S. 211-239 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Fourier analysis ; fractal ; frequency spectra ; roughness ; stationarity ; numerical modeling
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Fractal analysis and Fourier analysis are independent techniques for quantitatively describing the variability of natural figures. Both methods have been applied to a variety of natural phenomena. Previous analytical work has formulated relationships between the fractal dimension and power law form frequency spectrum.Mandelbrot (1985) has shown that difficulties arise when the ruler method for measuring dimensionality is applied to other than self-similar figures. Since an investigator presumably does not know in advance the dimensionality of a natural profile, it is essential to quantify the nature of the discrepancy for self-affine cases. In this study, a series of experiments are conducted in which discrete random series of specified spectral forms are analyzed using the fractal ruler method. The various parameters of the fractal measurement are related to the parameters of the spectral model. In this way, empirical relationships between the techniques can be derived for discrete, finite series which simulate the results of applying the fractal method to observational data. The results of the study indicate that there are considerable discrepancies between the results predicted by theory and those derived empirically. The fundamental power law form of length versus resolution pairs does not hold over the entire region of analysis. The predicted linear relationship between fractal dimension and exponent of the frequency spectrum does not hold, and the spectral signals can be extended beyond the limits of dimension inferred by theory. Root-mean-square variability is also shown to be linearly related to the fractal intercept term. An investigation of the effect of nonstationary sampling is conducted by generating signals composed of segments of differing spectral characteristics. Fractal analyses of these signals appear identical to those conducted on stationary series. The discrepancies between theoretical prediction and empirical results described in this study reflect the difficulties of applying analytically derived techniques to measurement data. Both Fourier and fractal techniques are formulated through rigorous mathematics, assuming various conditions for the underlying signal. When these techniques are applied to discrete, finite length, nonstationary series, certain statistical transformations must be applied to the data. Methods such as windowing, prewhitening, and anti-aliasing filters have been developed over many years for use with Fourier analysis. At present, no such statistical theory exists for use with fractal analysis. It is apparent from the results of this study that such a statistical foundation is required before the fractal ruler method can be routinely applied to observational data.
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  • 68
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    Intensive care medicine 15 (1989), S. 121-125 
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Burns ; Nutrition ; Computer ; Software ; Intensive care medicine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The paper describes a computer-assisted infusion and nutrition programme, running on an IBM-compatible PC/XT or PC/AT, for a surgical intensive care unit specializing in burn treatment. Using inputs of patient and laboratory data relevant to infusion planning, the programme generates a schedule for balanced enteral or parenteral nutrition of adult and adolescent patients from the age of 14 upwards. Potential side effects and metabolic complications in nutrition therapy are minimized. Graphics provide a rapid status check on individual parameters whenever required.
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  • 69
    ISSN: 1619-7089
    Keywords: Ischemic heart disease ; Gated radionuclide ventriculography ; Regional left ventricular motility injury ; Fourier analysis ; Factor analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Left ventricular phase and amphlitude images (Fourier analysis, PAI) and factor analysis images (FAI) from gated radionuclide ventriculography were obtained in 235 patients after myocardial infarction (MI) and in 44 patients with well documented ischemic heart disease (IHD) in order to assess areas of regional left ventricular motility injury (LVMI). The sensitivity of FAI for LVMI detection was higher than with PAI (36.3% vs 22.7% in patients without MI; 76.6% vs 68% in those after anterior MI; and 53.2% vs 31.9% after posterior MI, respectively). In 2.9% of all patients PAI were unclear due to small time activity amplitudes and heart rate irregularity, whereas FAI could be easily assessed. Significantly decreased left ventricular ejection fraction was observed predominantly after anterior MI in connection with distinct signs of LVMI in a large area of anterior wall or in the anteroseptal and/or apical region. Areas of LVMI could be sharply delineated in FAI; however, in contrast to PAI, FAI is unable to distinguish between dyskinetic and akinetic regions. The use of both PAI and FAI is recommended for more detailed detection of regional LVMI in patients with IHD.
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  • 70
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    Water resources management 3 (1989), S. 259-269 
    ISSN: 1573-1650
    Keywords: Evapotranspiration ; stochastic model ; Fourier analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: Abstract Daily meteorological data over a period of nine years from Helliniko Station (Athens, Greece) are used to produce daily potential evapotranspiration (PET) series. A multipliative model describes the periodic and stochastic components of the series where Fourier aproximations of two- or three-harmonic periodic components and a first-order autoregressive one are employed, respectively. The assessment of adequacy of the model is based on the properties of (a) the correlogram and (b) the spectrum of a white noise process. The model is further used to generate daily PET values. Generated and historical data show remarkable affinity in average arithmetic mean, coefficient of variation, skewness coefficient and their standard deviations.
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  • 71
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    Documenta ophthalmologica 72 (1989), S. 9-19 
    ISSN: 1573-2622
    Keywords: binocular facilitation ; binocular summation ; flicker ; Fourier analysis ; pattern reversal ; visual evoked potentials
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Evidence is controversial in respect to the optimal conditions in which visual evoked potentials provide an objective measure of binocular visual function, related and unrelated to stereopsis, and there is little emphasis on the type of stimulus that produces facilitation in binocular recording. We investigated the effects of stimulus type (flicker or pattern), contrast, and temporal modulation on facilitation, which was defined as a binocular response greater than sum of monocular responses. Monocular and binocular responses to sinusoidally modulated flicker and grating patterns were recorded in children and Fourier analyzed. The relationship of the fundamental Fourier component for flicker and the second harmonic component for pattern were each examined as function of temporal modulation at two levels of contrast for monocular and binocular visual evoked potentials. Binocular facilitation was found across all conditions for flicker. Data suggest that processing of pattern and flicker has different sites of origin within the visual system. Facilitation in binocular visual evoked potentials also indicates that they are not a result of simple summation of monocular responses, since there appears a nonlinear component to such interaction.
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  • 72
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    Documenta ophthalmologica 73 (1989), S. 347-357 
    ISSN: 1573-2622
    Keywords: pattern electroretinogram ; Fourier analysis ; fovea ; retinal eccentricity ; spatial tuning ; visual field
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract To investigate the value of the extrafoveal pattern electroretinogram for evaluation of local retinal defects, electroretinographic responses to contrast reversal stimulation were recorded at various locations in the central and midperipheral retina. Normal values were established in 20 eyes, and spatial selectivity at different retinal eccentricities was determined in four eyes. The response amplitude was found to decrease steeply from the fovea until about 12° eccentricity and to decline only slowly thereafter. For central stimulation a clear attenuation for coarser patterns was observed. At 20° and at 30° eccentricity the spatial tuning function exhibited a bandpass characteristic, with the maximum amplitude shifting to lower spatial frequencies. Despite the relatively low peripheral amplitudes a satisfactory signal to noise ratio of the second harmonic responses can be obtained by Fourier analysis, which improves clinical applicability. The comparison of sensitivity in the upper and lower retina revealed a considerable asymmetry, with responses in the upper retina approximately 20% higher. No significant difference, however, was found when the temporal or nasal retina was stimulated. The reproducibility of these results is high enough to encourage clinical studies. A case of retinal venous branch occlusion exemplifies the applicability of this technique in eccentric fundus lesions.
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  • 73
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Expertensystem ; Echtzeit ; Supervisor ; Biotechnologie ; Software ; Escherichia coli ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 74
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 9 (1989), S. 833-853 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Fourier analysis ; Dispersion relation ; Reflected/transmitted evanescent waves ; Crank-Nicolson linear finite element scheme ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The numerical scheme upon which this paper is based is the 1D Crank-Nicolson linear finite element scheme. In Part I of this series it was shown that for a certain range of incident wavelengths impinging on the interface of an expansion in nodal spacing, an evanescent (or spatially damped) wave results in the downstream region. Here in Part III an analysis is carried out to predict the wavelength and the spatial rate of damping for this wave. The results of the analysis are verified quantitatively with seven ‘hot-start’ numerical experiments and qualitatively with seven ‘cold-start’ experiments. Weare has shown that evanescent waves occur whenever the frequency of a disturbance at a boundary exceeds the maximum frequency given by the dispersion relation. In these circumstances the ‘extended dispersion’ relation can be used to determine the rate of spatial decay.In the context of a domain consisting of two regions with different nodal spacings, the use of the group velocity concept shows that evanescent waves have no energy flux associated with them when energy is conserved.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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  • 75
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 9 (1989), S. 783-810 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Non-uniform mesh ; Wave Reflection/transmission ; Crank-Nicolson finite elements ; Fourier analysis ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: This is the first of a series of three related papers dealing with some of the consequences of non-uniform meshes in a numerical model. In this paper the accuracy of the Crank-Nicolson linear finite element scheme, which is applied to the linear shallow water equations, is examined in the context of a single abrupt change in nodal spacing. The (in)accuracy is quantified in terms of reflection and transmission coefficients. An incident wave impinging on the interface between two regions with different nodal spacings is shown to give rise to no reflected waves and two transmitted waves. The analysis is verified using three different wavelengths (2Δx, 4Δx 8Δx) in three ‘hot-start’ numerical experiments with a mesh expansion factor of 2 and three experiments with a mesh contraction factor of 1/2. An energy flux analysis based on the concept of group velocity shows that energy is conserved across the interface.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
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  • 76
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 9 (1989), S. 811-832 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Fourier analysis ; Non-uniform mesh ; Wave reflection/transmission ; Group velocity ; Crank-Nicolson finite elements ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Internal wave reflections and transmissions are examined for the Crank-Nicolson linear finite element scheme applied to the linear shallow water equations in a ID domain containing an abrupt change in nodal spacing. In Part I of this series the reflection/transmission analysis was verified by some ‘hot-start’ numerical experiments. Here in Part II, however, that analysis is found wanting when it comes to providing a description of the pseudo-steady state wave configuration which develops with some ‘cold-start’ experiments. It is shown that the analysis of Part I can be extended to take in both the ‘hot-’ and ‘cold-start’ experimental results such that four essentially different wave configurations can be identified. The four configurations are discernible on the basis of group velocity. In order to be sustained, two of the configurations require one energy source whereas the other two require two energy sòurces. Numerical experiments confirmed the analysis.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
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  • 77
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 44 (1988), S. 776-777 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Fourier analysis ; growth ; selection ; size ; shape
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Fourier analysis of videodigitised outlines of mouse vertebrae from two stocks, a pseudo-longitudinal series of mice aged 25–60 days and one selected for large or small body size over many generations shows that the shape changes due to normal growth are not similar to those produced by selection for body size.
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  • 78
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    European journal of clinical pharmacology 34 (1988), S. 433-437 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: procaterol ; airway responsiveness ; bronchodilator ; dynamic compliance ; Fourier analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary We studied the effective site of an inhaled aerosol of procaterol, a β2-selective adrenergic bronchodilator, in 8 asthmatic patients whose basal lung functions are almost within the normal range in both slow vital capacity (VC) and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1.0), and are free from asthmatic attack. In patients who had received procaterol 30 min after inhalation of aerosol, there was no significant change in VC, although FEV1.0, maximal expiratory flow at 50% VC $$(\dot V_{50} )$$ , maximal expiratory flow at 25% VC $$(\dot V_{25} )$$ and maximal expiratory flow at 30% VC of partial maximal expiratory flow volume curve $$(\dot V_{30p} )$$ improved significantly. On the other hand, in those who had received placebo, none of the parameters changed. Furthermore, Rl decreased and C0.5 increased significantly during the first 5 min after inhalation of procaterol aerosol. After an interval of 5 min, Rl did not change any further, while C0.5 continued to improve until 30 min after inhalation of procaterol. These results suggest that procaterol may first dilate the large airway and then may gradually dilate the small airway in bronchial asthma.
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  • 79
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    Journal of computer aided molecular design 2 (1988), S. 81-90 
    ISSN: 1573-4951
    Keywords: Molecular modelling ; Personal computer ; Software
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 80
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    The visual computer 4 (1988), S. 27-34 
    ISSN: 1432-2315
    Keywords: Jewelry ; Microcomputer ; LCD graphics ; Software
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract Although jewelry has historically been equated with hardware, the advent of the single-chip CMOS microcomputer allows a redefinition in terms of software. A radically different new kind of jewelry is presented, based on LCD graphics controlled by an on board microcomputer. The revolutionary potentials of this new jewelry, along with its unique requirements and problems, are illustrated by examples from the author's personal experiences in developing this novel medium.
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  • 81
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    Documenta ophthalmologica 68 (1988), S. 283-292 
    ISSN: 1573-2622
    Keywords: Pattern-electroretinogram ; melanoma ; retinal detachment ; glaucoma ; rod-electroretinogram ; cone-electroretinogram ; Fourier analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A comparison between results obtained by pattern electroretinography (ERG), Ganzfeld cone and rod-ERG was made in 7 patients suffering from melanoma, glaucoma and retinal detachment. It was shown that the extent of the lesions, not seen ophthalmoscopically, can be well monitored by the second harmonic component of pattern electroretinography in cases where conventional Ganzfeld ERG's do not reveal defects. Especially damage caused by acute glaucoma attacks and those stemming from chronic hypertension can be well differentiated.
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  • 82
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    Documenta ophthalmologica 69 (1988), S. 153-159 
    ISSN: 1573-2622
    Keywords: diabetic retinopathy ; electroretinogram ; Fourier analysis ; oscillatory potentials
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Studying the oscillatory potentials in diabetic retinopathy, the authors experienced several problems interpreting results of digital filtering. The main problem was the separation of the first potential from the a-wave, since their frequencies are within the same range. To improve the procedure of measuring implicit times and of calculating amplitudes, the filtering was started with a finite impulse response filter and followed by a fast Fourier transform. The power of the oscillatory potential was calculated by determining the dominant frequency in the Fourier transformed response and expressed in microwatts. A group of normal subjects was compared with a group of early diabetic retinopathy patients. It appears that even in pathological circumstances a quantitative expression of the oscillatory potential is possible.
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  • 83
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    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 60 (1988), S. 141-141 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Expertensysteme ; Prozeßleitung ; Software ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 84
    ISSN: 1619-7089
    Keywords: Fourier analysis ; Orthogonal factor analysis ; Factor analysis of dynamic structures ; Cardiac phantom
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Orthogonal and oblique factor analysis represent an alternative to Fourier analysis in the evaluation of cardiac dynamic behaviour in gated blood pool studies. In order to estimate their respective places, orthogonal factor analysis (OFA), factor analysis of dynamic structures (FADS) and Fourier analysis (FA) are tested on a dynamic and periodical phantom with well known and reproducible kinetics. The phantom data are acquired under standard conditions by varying the counting rates and the temporal frequency sampling. To compare the results of the three methods with maximal objectivity, the relative contribution of each component is calculated. With standard acquisition conditions, FA and OFA give very close results. Only a minor advantage in evaluation of small phase differences is observed with OFA. FADS solutions are effectively related to the dynamic behaviour of the phantom, but their interpretation is more complicated and the quality of the oblique factors is reduced as the number of calculated factors increases. The influence of the counting statistics on FA, OFA and FADS is very similar. However, in cases of undersampling, robustness is demonstrated with the factorial technics.
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  • 85
    ISSN: 1619-7089
    Keywords: First pass ventriculography ; Coronary artery disease ; 99mTc-DTPA ; Cardiac functional images ; Fourier analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Rest and exercise radionuclide ventriculograms were performed in 61 non infarcted, male, patients who underwent cardiac catheterization for chest pain and in 16 normal control subjects. Studies were performed using the first pass method with a fast single crystal gamma camera, which allowed a count rate of 140±19 Kcounts/sec to be reached during left ventricular filling; the count integral on left ventricular area was 10.8±1.6 Kcounts and the maximum count/pixel 155±16. We analyzed sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value of global ejection fraction (EF) and of the regional wall motion in identifying ventricular function abnormalities due to obstructive coronary artery disease. The regional wall motion was evaluated with four functional images: regional ejection fraction (REF), amplitude (A) and phase (PH) from Fourier analysis and systolic transit times (TT). Sensitivity was near 90% for EF, REF, A and TT, while PH was less sensitive (80%); all functional images were more specific (nearly 90%) than EF (80%). Both sensitivity and specificity were lower for the exercise EKG (59% and 63%, respectively) in this patient group. Significant differences between single vessel and multiple vessel disease were also observed either for the EF increase/decrease (-1.34±7.4 and-7.82±9.96; P〈0.05) or for the number of segments which developed wall motion abnormalities during exericise (1.22±0.73 and 2.15±1.04; P〈0.02). In conclusion, with our method, a fast single crystal gamma camera is suitable for obtaining optimal first pass radionuclide ventriculograms with a count density sufficient either for global or regional left ventricular function evaluation. First pass radionuclide ventriculography seems to provide very high diagnostic accuracy in the detection of cornorary artery disease in non infarcted, male, subjects.
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  • 86
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    Acta applicandae mathematicae 5 (1986), S. 37-85 
    ISSN: 1572-9036
    Keywords: 35Q10 ; 76B15 ; 76D05 ; 76C20 ; Navier-Stokes ; equatorial modes ; Fourier analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Our purpose is to calculate waves propagating along the equator in an oceanic domain and the influence of a characteristic mean equatorial circulation on the nature of these waves. Equations satisfied by perturbations of currents and temperature are of the Navier-Stokes type and have been linearized around a stationary solution. Existence and uniqueness of the solution have been proved. Numerical experiments have been carried out and provided us with time-dependent values. The excited waves are exhibited by Fourier analysis of these time series.
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  • 87
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    Experimental brain research 64 (1986), S. 5-18 
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Striate cortex ; Fourier analysis ; Receptive fields
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Simple cells in the macaque striate cortex were tested with bars, edges and gratings. Spatial frequency tuning curves could be predicted from the spatial profiles plotted with bars and edges and the bandwidth could be evaluated more accurately by computing the mean from measured and predicted tuning curves. The results suggest that the mean relative spatial frequency bandwidth (Δf/fo) is nearly constant and of a moderate value. But at each optimal spatial frequency, cells with different bandwidths (about a factor of two) were recorded. The shapes of spatial response profiles resemble the corresponding spatial and spatial frequency characteristics of line and edge detectors evaluated psychophysically. Among the remaining cell types, concentric cells tend to be tuned to lower spatial frequencies and have broader bandwidths, whereas periodic cells prefer higher spatial frequencies and have narrower bandwidths. Thus the mean relative bandwidth tends to decrease significantly with spatial frequency (as required by a system of patch-by-patch Fourier analysis) only when cells with poor orientation selectivity and the non-linear silent periodic cells are included along with the simple cells. Simple cells, on their own, seem to form a quasi-linear contrast processing system which is more biased towards spatial accuracy than spatial frequency selectivity.
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  • 88
    ISSN: 1619-7089
    Keywords: Fourier analysis ; Cardiac phantom model ; Artificial heart
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Using pusher-plate-type artificial hearts, changes in the degree of synchrony and stroke volume were compared to phase and amplitude calculations from the first Fourier component of individual-pixel time-activity curves generated from gated radionuclide images (RNA) of these hearts. In addition, the ability of Fourier analysis to quantify paradoxical volume shifts was tested using a ventricular aneurysm model by which the Fourier amplitude was correlated to known increments of paradoxical volume. Predetermined phase-angle differences (incremental increases in asynchrony) and the mean phase-angle difference calculated from RNAs showed an agreement of -7°±4.4° (mean ±SD). A strong correlation was noted between stroke volume and Fourier amplitude (r=0.98; P〈0.0001) as well as between the paradoxical volume accepted by the ‘aneurysm’ and the Fourier amplitude (r=0.97; P〈0.0001). The degree of asynchrony and changes in stroke volume were accurately reflected by the Fourier phase and amplitude values, respectively. In the specific case of ventricular aneurysms, the data demonstrate that using this method, the paradoxically moving areas may be localized, and the expansile volume within these regions can be quantified.
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  • 89
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    European journal of nuclear medicine 12 (1986), S. 2-4 
    ISSN: 1619-7089
    Keywords: COST ; Data base ; Knowledge-based systems ; Network ; Quality control ; Software ; Software phantom
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Since the 1984 Congress of the Society of Nuclear Medicine-Europe in Helsinki, the “Task Group for European Nuclear Medicine Software Cooperation”, which became the “Joint ENMS/SNME Nuclear Medicine Software Task Group” in London in 1985, has focused attention on establishing a new COST project (European Cooperation in the Field of Scientific and Technical Research) (COST 1981) in the field of nuclear medicine Software. On 20 March 1986, the mandate was finally approved officially by the COST Committee of Senior Officials in Brussels (see Editorial in this issue). The problems, content, and objectives of specific items and ideas regarding NM software that have been publicized at the European level are dealt with here. The reader actively interested in NM software is encouraged to participate in the COST framework and forum, in order to avoid duplication of effort and to utilize resources more efficiently by coordinating activities in nuclear medicine in Europe.
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  • 90
    ISSN: 1619-7089
    Keywords: Ejection fraction ; Fourier analysis ; Second-derivative techniques ; Edge detection ; Ventriculography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In order to measure ejection fractions (EFs) from nuclear ventriculograms, we devised a semi-automated edge-detection technique based on a combination of inverse Fourier analysis and second-derivative techniques. Initial clinical studies showed that, for the left ventricle, our method gives EF values statistically identical with those obtained using a conventional isocontour technique. For the right ventricle, however, the values obtained using the two methods were somewhat more at variance. Despite requiring a longer processing time, the results obtained with our method are reproducible because less operator intervention is necessary.
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  • 91
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    Medical & biological engineering & computing 24 (1986), S. 255-260 
    ISSN: 1741-0444
    Keywords: Aging ; Arteriosclerosis ; Autocorrelation ; Fourier analysis ; Photoplethysmography ; Pulse wave velocity ; Serum lipid
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Pulse wave patterns at a finger and a toe are obtained using photoplethysmography. The data recorded at two recording sites are transformed by digital filters into six waveforms and the transmission time of each wave is estimated by the crosscorrelation function. Relationships between the transmission times, age, and parameters obtained from several laboratory tests are examined using multiple regression analysis. The results may be summarised as follows: the power of photoplethysmograms of a finger and a toe is concentrated in the range below 6 or 8 Hz; age correlates highly with the transmission time of a pulse wave rather than with velocity; the multiple correlation coefficients between age and the transmission times is 0·853 in male and 0·866 in female; there are no differences of transmission time among disease types; the correlations between age and other parameters measured by laboratory tests, that is, total cholesterol, phospholipid, triglyceride, β-lipoprotein, are very small.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 92
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    Experimental brain research 61 (1985), S. 21-37 
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Posture control ; Motion vision ; Static vision ; Stroboscopic illumination ; Accelerometry ; Fourier analysis ; Man
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The differential contributions of static versus dynamic visual cues to postural control were studied in human subjects. Lateral body oscillations were measured with accelerometers located at head, hips and ankle levels, while subjects righted their balance under various mechanical conditions: i) on either a soft (foam rubber) support or a hard one, and ii) in either the classical or the sharpened Romberg stance. The visual pattern (horizontal or vertical rectangular grating) was illuminated with either a stroboscopic bulb or a normal one, and control measurements were also taken in darkness for each mechanical condition. Acceleration signals were processed into their frequency power spectra, the mean area and shape of which were taken to characterize the postural skills involved and the effects of either the visual suppressions or the mechanical destabilizations. Although dynamic visual cues have already been found to play a major role in the control of lateral body sway (Amblard and Crémieux 1976), we demonstrate here that static visual cues, the only ones available under stroboscopic illumination, also make a clear though minor contribution. Hence we suggest the existence of two modes of visual control of lateral balance in man, which are well separated in terms of the frequency range of body sway: the first mechanism, which operates below 2 Hz and is strobe-resistant, seems to control the orientation of the upper part of the body; the second mechanism, which operates above 4 Hz, centers on about 7 Hz and is strobe-vulnerable, seems to immobilize the body working upwards from the feet. Thus static visual cues may slowly control re-orientation or displacement, whereas dynamic visual cues may contribute to fast stabilization of the body. In between the frequency ranges at which these two visuomotor mechanisms come into play, at about 3 Hz, there is what we call a “blind frequency”, a visually neutral sway frequency which may arise from the incompatibility of visual reorientation with visual stabilization, and where vision appears unable to reduce postural sway to any marked extent. Transmission of the destabilization produced by suppression of visual cues or by mechanical methods from one anatomical level to another is also briefly discussed in terms of bio-mechanical constraints, and the correlations between various pairs of levels are considered.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 93
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    The journal of membrane biology 85 (1985), S. 233-243 
    ISSN: 1432-1424
    Keywords: Chara ; Fourier analysis ; fusicoccin ; inductive effect ; membrane impedance ; pH
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The white noise method of measuring membrane impedance has been applied to internodal cells ofChara corallina. Fourier analysis of a white noise transmembrane current signal and the voltage response has been used to obtain the frequency-dependent impedance of the in-series combination of the plasmalemma and tonoplast membranes. The results are similar to those of other workers who have measured membrane impedances by different techniques. At very low frequencies the equivalent capacitance of the membrane treated as an RC-circuit becomes negative, indicating a pseudoinductive effect. Membrane impedance has been measured over a range of pH values from pH 5.2 to pH 11; impedance magnitude reaches a maximum at pH 7. At interesting effect of fusicoccin at pH 11 has been observed, in which a decrease in membrane conductance occurs simultaneously with a small hyperpolarization of membrane PD.
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  • 94
    ISSN: 1619-7089
    Keywords: Time-activity curve ; peak filling rate ; filling fraction ; Fourier analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Two methods for the analysis of left ventricle time-activity curve (TAC) of equilibrium gated ventriculography were compared in three groups of subjects [8 controls, 13 patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), 11 patients with myocardial infarction (MI). The first method was based on third-degree polynomial fitting, the second on Fourier analysis. The following parameters were calculated: peak ejection rate (PER), peak filling rate (PFR), time to PER and PFR, and filling fraction at the first third of diastole. A preliminary study of changing values of PER and PFR and of the mean error with increasing number of harmonics summed in order to obtain the best fitting of TAC demonstrated that beyond the sum of the first four harmonics there was no further significant improvement. The advantages of Fourier analysis are as follows: 1) it is independent of the operator and fits only one function to the whole cardiac cycle; 2) it requires less computer time; 3) it provides better differentiation between controls and CAD patients. All of the 13 CAD patients had abnormal PFR on Fourier analysis, only 9 on polynomial analysis. At rest, 9 of the CAD patients had wall motion abnormalities, while only two had an abnormal ejection fraction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 95
    ISSN: 1619-7089
    Keywords: Pattern recognition ; Fourier analysis ; Conduction abnormalities ; Radionuclide scintigraphy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract This study of biventricular segmental timing sequences compared patterns of the first-harmonic phase with those of multiharmonic Fourier-analysis-derived parameters to determine their suitability for the classification of patients using an automatic pattern recognition scheme. The study involved nine patients with normal ECGs, six with left bundle branch block, 4 with right bundle branch block, and 6 with right-ventricular pacemakers; all patients had normal left-ventricular function. The segmental sequence described by the time of end systole was similar to that described by the first-harmonic phase, with a lower correlation using the time of maximum filling rate, and a rather poor correlation of the time of maximum ejection rate with the other parameters. Thus, despite theoretical difficulties, timing patterns described by phase best agreed with those of the time of end systole. Intersegmental timing differences were used as criteria for discriminating between groups by means of a sequential logic tree. Using either phase, time of end systole or time of maximum ejection rate, all patients were correctly classified into the four ECG categories. More intersegmental timing differences were useful as criteria for phase (57) than for the time of end systole (45) or the time of maximum ejection rate (30). The first-harmonic phase was more efficient than the time of end systole for separating patient groups. Sequential biventricular timing disorders can be objectively classified using either first-harmonic or multiharmonic Fourier analysis, and their patterns can be automatically recognized and used for classification.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 96
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    European journal of nuclear medicine 10 (1985), S. 500-504 
    ISSN: 1619-7089
    Keywords: Fourier analysis ; Breathing artifacts ; List mode
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The frequency content of the ungated radionuclide time-activity curves for left and right ventricles was analyzed using a power spectrum estimation technique. This technique was applied to ten patients. It was observed that 75% of the contraction power of any ventricle was contained in the fundamental and at least 98% contained in the fundamental plus the first harmonic. Patients presenting bigeminy and trigeminy had a completely different spectrum distribution which calls for a different interpretation. Low frequency spectrum lines have been observed at breathing frequency. Up to 62% of the total power may be contained in those spectrum lines.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 97
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    Mathematical geology 17 (1985), S. 729-742 
    ISSN: 1573-8868
    Keywords: varves ; Fourier analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Varves from many environments have been used as paleoclimatic indicators. Measurement of varve thicknesses has typically been done manually, but an automated procedure would provide more accurate measurements with considerable savings in time. An automated method described herein involves digitizing an x ray of the core with a high-resolution optical densitometer. The two-dimensional optical density field is filtered to enhance the varve signal, and the filtered series is then used to define a series of line segments representing varve boundaries. The distance between adjacent boundaries is then averaged across the core to obtain the mean thickness of each layer. A section of thin laminae from near the bottom of a long core from the Gulf of California (Deep Sea Drilling Project Hole 480) is analyzed to illustrate the technique.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 98
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    Medical & biological engineering & computing 23 (1985), S. 511-516 
    ISSN: 1741-0444
    Keywords: Cardiovascular system ; Flow visualisation ; Fourier analysis ; Hydrodynamic simulation ; Input impedance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A physical model is developed for the simulation of the left heart and systemic circulation. The simulator includes a transparent and compliant ventricle pumping into an arterial model. The ability of the system to reproduce thein vivo conditions accurately is demonstrated by quantitative comjcarisons with physiological pressure and flow waveforms. As an example of application, flow patterns within the ventricle obtained by visualisation techniques and ultrasonic Doppler velocimetry are presented. Its versatility makes the system an essential tool in cardiovascular flow dynamics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 99
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    Colloid & polymer science 262 (1984), S. 387-396 
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Viscoelasticity ; free vibrations ; dynamic modulus ; model calculations ; Fourier analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The theoretical basis for the determination of dynamic moduli of viscoelastic materials using free vibrations is critically reviewed. A new method is proposed which consists in a Fourier analysis of the response of the viscoelastic material to a pulse. This pulse spectrometry should offer a number of advantages, notably an unproved accuracy of the measurements, independence from critical damping conditions and determination of the dynamic moduli within a frequency window in one experiment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 100
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    Mathematical geology 13 (1981), S. 303-320 
    ISSN: 1573-8868
    Keywords: sedimentology ; outline shape ; Fourier analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Sedimentologists, among others, have been accustomed to the analysis of the shape of sedimentary particles. Recently such shapes have been subjected to more quantitative analysis, almost completely removing the subjective element so long inherent in the various indices. However, these quantitative analyses themselves are not free from qualitative bias, partly displayed in the choice of appropriate technique, and to some extent in the intermediate steps of the data collection and analysis. Various numerical methods are introduced within the framework of a typology based on whether the analysis is performed on the grain considered as an outline, or as a planar surface. Nine desirable properties are suggested, as a yardstick against which to evaluate the descriptors. In all these techniques the object is to examine a discrete approximation of single items, in two dimensions only. Some of the methods are nevertheless applicable to three dimensions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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