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  • Electronic Resource  (245)
  • 1985-1989
  • 1980-1984  (245)
  • 1981  (245)
  • Ultrastructure  (126)
  • Molecular Cell Biology  (119)
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Material
  • Electronic Resource  (245)
Years
  • 1985-1989
  • 1980-1984  (245)
Year
Keywords
  • 101
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fine structure and function of interrenal (adrenocortical) cells of dexamethasone-treated trout (Salmo fario L.) (1981)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 214 (1981), S. 641-649 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Adrenocortical cells ; Trout ; Ultrastructure ; Dexamethasone ; Cortisol
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructure of the interrenal (adrenocortical) cells of trout (Salmo fario L.) was studied after dexamethasone treatment. A procedure for identifying and isolating interrenal tissue fragments from the surrounding head kidney tissue prior to their preparation for electron microscopy is described. The peripheral plasma cortisol concentrations were measured in order to evaluate the steroidogenic activity of this tissue. The interrenal cells of control animals contain numerous mitochondria with tubular cristae, and a well developed and highly organized smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER). The scarcity, or absence, of lipid droplets contrasts markedly with the abundance of SER. Treatment with dexamethasone results in a decrease steroidogenic activity of the interrenal cells, as indicated by the fall in plasma cortisol concentrations. The interrenal cells are small, but still contain numerous mitochondria. The SER is poorly developed, but masses of densely intermeshed smooth cisternae subsist. Lipid droplets do not accumulate in these cells; this peculiarity is discussed in connection with the virtual absence of liposomes in teleost interrenal cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00233503
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  • 102
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fine structural indications of an osmoregulatory function of the “gills” in terrestrial isopods (Crustacea, Oniscoidea) (1981)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 214 (1981), S. 663-666 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Terrestrial isopods ; Gills ; Ultrastructure ; Smooth endoplasmic reticulum ; Osmoregulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In all species of Oniscoidea investigated the epithelial cells of the “gills” (=endopodites of pleopods) show the ultrastructural organization of transporting epithelia. Therefore it is assumed that also in the terrestrial isopods the pleopods are involved in respiration as well as osmoregulation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00233506
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  • 103
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An analysis of the integrity of the brachial motor unit in the dystrophic chick embryo (1981)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 215 (1981), S. 537-545 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Chick embryo ; Muscular dystrophy ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In New Hampshire chickens, the primary clinical symptom of dystrophy is limitation of wing motility. Examination of the brachial-level motor unit in chick embryos homozygous for dystrophy reveals abnormalities in both muscular and neural components. Wing motility in these embryos is abnormal as early as six days, and there is a corresponding lack of differentiation of the pectoralis major muscle. The findings suggest that delayed development of brachial-level neuronal pathways is responsible for the decreased wing motility and early degeneration of the pectoral muscle.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00233530
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  • 104
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The rat pituitary cleft: A correlated study by scanning and transmission electron microscopy (1981)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 215 (1981), S. 515-529 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pituitary ; Rathke's cleft ; Ultrastructure ; Scanning electron microscopy ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary SEM reveals that the inner surface of the pituitary cleft is lined by a continuous layer of marginal cells possessing microvillous and ciliated apical surfaces. The ciliated cells are more numerous on the posterior side (toward the pars intermedia) than on the anterior side of the cleft (toward the pars distalis). In contrast small infoldings (crypts) were occasionally noted only on the marginal layer covering the distal part of the hypophysis. In some areas of the cleft the surface features of the marginal cells are rather similar to the epithelial cells populating the upper parts of the respiratory tract in their topography and distribution. In other regions they also show striking similarities with the ependymal cells (tanycytes) lining the lateral recesses of the 3rd ventricle and the infundibular process with which the pituitary cleft has a very close topographical relationship. The parenchymal cells of the pars distalis are closely related to the flattened marginal cells of the cleft. The intercellular spaces of the pars distalis form a three-dimensional labyrinthic series of cavities continuous with the submarginal spaces of the cleft. Further SEM and TEM results demonstrate that the majority of the microvillous marginal cells lining both sides of the cleft possess surface features such as bulbous protrusions, laminar evaginations and large cytoplasmatic vacuoles, which are very likely the expression of an active transport of fluids. On the basis of these results it is concluded that the fluid-like material (colloid) present in the pituitary cleft is mainly derived from the fluids contained in the lacunar spaces of the pars distalis. Thus, marginal cells by absorbing fluids from the cleft by active endocytosis, may transport to the pars intermedia material (or hormones) produced in the distal part of the gland and vice versa. The cilia present on many marginal cells, based on their 9+2 tubular pattern, possess a kynetic role. This is very similar to that shown by the ciliated cells of the ependyma lining the brain ventricles. The occurrence of ciliated cells within the pituitary parenchyma (mainly in the follicles) suggests that they probably arise from the ciliated cells populating the marginal layer of the cleft and with which the parenchyma cells are closely related.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00233528
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  • 105
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Multinucleate Sertoli cells in aged human testis (1981)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 217 (1981), S. 259-266 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Sertoli cells ; Multinucleate cells ; Testis ; Ultrastructure ; Old age ; Man
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The present investigation documents morphological characteristics of human Sertoli cells of aged males. Testicular material was obtained from 35 patients (age 62–84 years) with carcinoma of the prostate who had received no previous anticancer therapy. As revealed by light and electron microscopy the appearance of the germinal epithelium showed great individual variations. In all cases examined, however, the occurrence of multinucleate Sertoli cells was a common finding. In seminiferous tubules with intact spermatogenesis these cells closely resembled the normally occurring variants, whereas they displayed features reminiscent of immaturity in the absence of germ cells. It is hypothesized that the nuclei of Sertoli cells in the special situation of aging may resume the capacity to divide, an ability normally restricted to immature cells. Thus, mitosis without subsequent cytokinesis might be an explanation for the formation of multinucleate Sertoli cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00233579
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  • 106
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructure of neurons in the ventromedial nucleus or the hypothalamus in ovariectomized rats with or without estrogen treatment (1981)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 217 (1981), S. 451-470 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Ventromedial nucleus ; Ultrastructure ; Estrogen effects ; Secretory product ; Lordosis ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The fine structure of the ventrolateral and dorsomedial subdivisions of the ventromedial nucleus (VMN) of the hypothalamus was examined in ovariectomized/control and ovariectomized/estrogen-treated rats to compare neurons of these areas to other neurons (specifically the ventrolateral thalamus), and to determine the effects of estrogen on these cells. The neurons of the VMN contain a large nucleus with a prominent nucleolus, rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER), polysomes, a Golgi complex, coated, uncoated and dense-cored vesicles, lysosome-like bodies, inclusion bodies, multivesicular bodies, whorl bodies and myelin figures. Similar organelles were present in the neurons of the ventrolateral thalamus, although polysomes were more prominent, and the cells lacked dense-cored vesicles in the perikarya. Differences in the cells of the VMN between ovariectomized/control and ovariectomized/estrogen-treated rats included a more conspicuous stacking of the RER and greater number of dense-cored vesicles in the estrogen-treated group in both the ventrolateral and dorsomedial subdivisions. In both areas the differences were statistically significant, although more marked in the ventrolateral subdivision. In both VMN subdivisions, the increased stacking of the RER could be correlated with the greater number of dense-cored vesicles and may reflect increased biosynthesis of a secretory product.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00219357
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  • 107
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphological and histochemical study of the endometrial effects of Ovral in the baboon (1981)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 217 (1981), S. 611-624 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Endometrium ; Baboon ; Oral contraceptive ; Ultrastructure ; Autophagic vacuoles
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In an effort to better understand changes induced by hormonal contraceptives, a group of female baboons were administered Ovral for a period of 9 months. During this time the endometrium was sampled by transcervical uterine biopsy from both the treated animals and from a control group. The biopsies were all obtained between 10 and 14 days of the treatment cycle or the normal menstrual cycle. The endometrial glandular cells from the treated animals exhibited an accelerated maturation compared with the controls. Ultrastructurally this was reflected by increased cell size, numerous long, slender microvilli on the apical membranes, and increased development of the Golgi complex. Differences were also observed in the predominant type of granule seen in the apical cytoplasm. After 3 and 6 months of treatment with Ovral, no significant differences were noted between groups or between animals within a group. However, after 9 months of treatment, the endometrium displayed differences from the earlier experimental groups as well as individual variations. The functional correlates of these observations are discussed and compared to human endometrium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00219368
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  • 108
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The reorganization of subcellular structure in muscle undergoing fast-to-slow type transformation (1981)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 220 (1981), S. 449-471 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Muscle ; Fiber type ; Ultrastructure ; Stereology ; Stimulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Transformation of fast-twitch into slow-twitch skeletal muscle was induced in adult rabbits by chronic low-frequency stimulation and studied at the ultrastructural level. With the use of stereological techniques, a time course was established for changes in mitochondrial volume, sarcotubular system, and Z-band thickness for periods of stimulation ranging from 6 h to 24 weeks. T-tubules, terminal cisternae, and sarcoplasmic reticulum decreased at an early stage and reached levels typical of slow muscle after only 2 weeks of stimulation. Transformation of Z-band structure took place between 11/2 and 3 weeks after the onset of stimulation. Mitochondrial volume increased several fold over the first 3 weeks of stimulation, and fell rapidly after 7 weeks, although it still remained above the levels typical of slow muscle. Although there was no sign of degradation and regeneration of the muscle fibers themselves, considerable structural reorganization was evident at the subcellular level after 1 week of stimulation. The fibers passed through a less well organized transitional stage in which fibers could not be assigned to a normal ultrastructural category. After 3 weeks all of the stimulated fibers could be assigned to the normal slow-twitch category although some subcellular irregularities persisted even after 24 weeks. The ultrastructural alterations are discussed in relation to functional and biochemical changes in the whole muscle.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00216750
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  • 109
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structural changes in the pars intermedia of the cichlid teleost Sarotherodon mossambicus as a result of background adaptation and illumination (1981)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 220 (1981), S. 561-571 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pineal organ ; MSH ; Background adaptation ; Sarotherodon mossambicus ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The MSH producing cells in the pars intermedia of Sarotherodon mossambicus have been shown to be involved in background adaptation processes. Reflected light received by the eyes affects the activity of these cells. In the present study the hypothesis has been tested that also the pineal organ, as a second photoreceptor, is involved in regulation of the metabolic activity of the MSH cells. The pineal organ appears to contain photoreceptor cells and is considered to be capable of transferring information about light conditions to the animal. Removal of the pineal organ of fish kept on a black background has no effect on activity of MSH cells, whereas the activity of these cells in fish kept in darkness is increased. Thus it seems that the pineal organ exercises its influence on MSH cells only in darkness and that this influence results in a reduced activity of these cells. It is therefore concluded that the metabolic activity of MSH cells is inhibited not only by reflected light received by the eyes, but also by the action of the pineal organ as a result of the absence of illumination. No structural signs of secretory activity can be observed in the pineal, which might indicate synthesis or release of substances like melatonin. However, administration of melatonin reduces the activity of MSH cells. Neither pinealectomy nor treatment with melatonin has any influence on the second cell type of the pars intermedia, the PAS positive cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00216760
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  • 110
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An ultrastructural and histochemical study of the axial musculature in the African lungfish (1981)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 220 (1981), S. 599-609 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Axial musculature ; Lungfish ; Histochemistry ; Ultrastructure ; Evolution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Red, intermediate, and white axial muscle fibres of African lungfish were studied using histochemical techniques and electron microscopy. Gross dissection revealed the presence of a small wedge of red coloured muscle along the lateral line. This wedge was shown by histochemical demonstrations of lactate and succinate dehydrogenases, of adenosine triphosphatases, and of lipid to be composed of a mosaic of red and intermediate fibres measuring 23.63 and 34.30 μm in average diameter, respectively. The bulk of the myotome was composed of white fibres having an average diameter of 67.35 μm. Mitochondrial density, capillarity and lipid content were very low for all fibres. These data suggest that the axial musculature is geared primarily for anaerobic function. The mosaic arrangement of fibres, and the lack of a subsarcolemmal band of mitochondria suggests that the lungfish have a muscle organisation that is transitional between lower vertebrates and amphibians.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00216763
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  • 111
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructure of splenic white pulp of the turtle, Mauremys caspica (1981)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 220 (1981), S. 845-855 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Spleen ; Lymphoid tissue ; Reptiles ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructure of splenic tissue of non-immunized turtles, Mauremys caspica, shows two areas, namely, the white pulp which is lymphoid in nature, and the red pulp which is formed by cell cords and sinusoids. Between both areas there is always a marginal zone with gaps through which cells leak. In the white pulp, there are two blood vessel types; one with muscled walls, and the other showing thinner walls sheathed by reticular cells. Reticular cells constitute a network where there occur dendritic macrophages, lymphoblasts and small and medium lymphocytes. Mature plasma cells are scarce in the white pulp.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00210466
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  • 112
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructure of the jugular body of Rana pipiens (1981)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 221 (1981), S. 193-202 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Jugular bodies ; Lymphoid organs ; Amphibians ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The jugular bodies in adult Rana pipiens, are surrounded by a capsule of mesothelium and connective tissue, and their parenchyma consists of cell cords arranged in a sinusoidal network. The cell cords are formed by irregular reticular cells, showing numerous filaments and joined together by zonulae adhaerents. The intercellular spaces are filled by reticular fibres and free cells. These latter are small and medium lymphocytes, lymphoblasts, and developing and mature plasma cells. Additionally, free macrophages, neutrophils and acidophils also occur. Sinusoidal blood vessels show thin walls with numerous filaments and pinocytotic vesicles. They exhibit a discontinuous basement membrane, and tight junctions frequently occur between endothelial cells. Occasionally, lymphatic vessels are found and the innervation is principally vasomotor, although nerve endings appear remarkably near reticular cells and lymphocytes. The jugular bodies of adult R. pipiens are plasma cell and antibody-forming organs, whose functional significance is discussed in relation to their ultrastructural organization.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00216581
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  • 113
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plasma cells in the ammocoete of Petromyzon marinus (1981)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 221 (1981), S. 203-208 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Plasma cells ; Spleen ; Ammocoete ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Ce travail démontre pour la première fois l'existence de plasmocytes murs et en développement dans la rate d'ammocètes de Petromyzon marinus non-immunisés. Les plasmocytes se présentent comme des cellules électroniquement denses avec de la chromatine condensée et un grand développement du réticulum endoplasmique granulaire. L'importance de cette découverte apparaît accentuée en relation avec l'évolution du système immunitaire.
    Notes: Summary This study demonstrates for the first time the presence of mature and developing plasma cells in the spleen of non-immunized ammocoetes of Petromyzon marinus. Plasmocytes occur as electron-dense cells with much condensed chromatin and an extensively large developed and dilated rough endoplasmic reticulum. The importance of this finding is emphasized in relation to the evolution of the immune system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00216582
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  • 114
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distribution of calcium differs in relaxed and contracted myocardial cells of the rat (1981)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 221 (1981), S. 295-302 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Cardiac muscle cells ; Calcium ; Sarcomere ; Ultrastructure ; Contraction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Myocardial cells from left ventricles of beating hearts of rats were fixed by immersion in an osmium tetroxide solution containing potassium pyroantimonate to study the electron-microscopic distribution of calcium, the cation being precipitated as an electron-opaque salt (calcium antimonate) by this cytochemical technique. The observed myocytes could be divided into two groups according to their contractile state, evaluated by sarcomere length measurements. In contracted cells (mean sarcomere length 1.43 μm) the intramyoflbrillar precipitate was confined to areas of I-bands bordering the A-bands, the intermyofibrillar space showing scarce content in reaction product. Relaxed cells (mean sarcomere length 1.69 μm) presented a heavy deposition of reaction product over the sarcomeres, the electron-opaque dots being absent on the H and Z bands. The sarcotubular system and mitochondria were also clearly marked by the reaction product. This second pattern of calcium distribution has not been previously described in heart muscle cells and is interpreted as corresponding to the phase of rise of intracellular calcium which is mediated by membrane depolarization. Our results suggest that different bands of heart sarcomeres show different abilities to bind calcium. The I bands retain the cation even in cells under sustained contraction, probably due to their content in calmodulin; Z and M bands are apparently not involved in calcium sequestration, whereas the content in calcium of the A bands seems to be dependent on the contraction-relaxation cycle of heart myocytes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00216733
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  • 115
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of fast and slow synaptic terminals in lobster muscle (1981)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 221 (1981), S. 303-310 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Neuromuscular terminal ; Fast synapse ; Slow synapse ; Lobster ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Synaptic terminals of fast (FCE) and slow (SCE) excitatory neurons were physiologically identified on separate fibres of one muscle, the closer muscle in lobster claws. The innervation by these identified fibers was demonstrated over long distances (7–21 μm) by examining serial thin sections at periodic intervals. The ultrastructure of each type of innervation was consistent both qualitatively and quantitatively in two separate samples. The FCE innervation is relatively simple in having consistently small-diameter terminals each forming a single long synapse, with few synaptic vesicles, and little if any postsynaptic apparatus. The SCE innervation is more complex in having larger-diameter but more variable terminals forming several short synapses, with many synaptic vesicles and an extensive postsynaptic apparatus. These differences in the size of the synapses and the number of synaptic vesicles parallel differences in transmitter release and fatigue sensitivity characteristic of the two types of innervation. The degree of elaboration of the postsynaptic apparatus may reflect differences in the amount of transmitter taken up after release. Our data reveal for the first time in a single muscle differences between FCE and SCE innervation previously reported in different muscles and in different species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00216734
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  • 116
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fine structure and function of the prosomal glands of the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae (Acari, Tetranychidae) (1981)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 221 (1981), S. 339-349 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Prosomal glands ; Spider mite ; Tetranychus ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The prosomal glands of Tetranychus urticae (Acari, Tetranychidae) were examined light and electron microscopically. Five paired and one unpaired gland are found both in females and males. The silk spinning apparatus consists of paired silk glands which extend laterally on both sides of the esophagus into the pedipalps. There, they enter the terminal silk gland bag which opens into a silk bristle at the apex of the pedipalps. The salivary secretions are formed in three paired glands which have an interconnecting duct, the podocephalic canal. The dorsal podocephalic glands may produce a serous secretion, the anterior podocephalic glands a mucous secretion, and the coxal organ may add a liquid, ion-rich secretion. These secretions pass the podocephalic canal and reach the mouth at the apex of the gnathosome. The function of the paired tracheal organs and the unpaired tracheal gland is still unclear. The tracheal gland may produce a secretion which facilitates the movement of the fused chelicerae and the stylets.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00216738
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  • 117
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electron-microscope study of the dentine-enamel junction of kangaroo (Macropus giganteus) teeth using selected-area argon-ion-beam thinning (1981)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 221 (1981), S. 405-419 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Teeth (Marsupials) ; Enamel ; Dentine ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Transmission electron microscopy of selected-area argon-ion-beam thinned kangaroo (Macropus giganteus) enamel revealed a complex ultrastructure in the region of the dentine-enamel junction (DEJ). Characteristic features were multiple branching of dentinal tubules, rejoining of enamel tubules, elongated defects, extended protrusions of dentine into enamel, two types (A and B) of hypomineralized enamel and a continuity between dentinal and enamel tubules. In the intertubular regions of the DEJ a complex intermingling of finer enamel and dentine crystals, similar to that found in human enamel, was observed. The varicosities observed in the light microscope were a combined optical effect caused by the hypomineralized (type A) enamel and the branching and rejoining of the enamel tubules.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00216744
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  • 118
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructure of elastic cartilage in the rat external ear (1981)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 218 (1981), S. 149-160 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Elastic cartilage ; External ear ; Rat ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The structure of elastic cartilage in the external ear of the rat was investigated by transmission and scanning electron microscopy. The narrow subperichondrial, boundary zone contains predominantly ovoid cells rich in cell organelles: mitochondria, Golgi complex, granular endoplasmic reticulum and small (40–100 nm) vesicles. Scarce glycogen granules and bundles of 6–7 nm cytoplasmic filaments are also present. Deeper in the boundary zone, one or more cytoplasmic lipid droplets appear and cytofilaments become more abundant. Fully differentiated chondrocytes in the central zone of the cartilage plate resemble white adipose cells. They are globular and contain a single, large cytoplasmic lipid droplet. The cytoplasm is reduced to a thin peripheral rim; it contains a flattened nucleus, few cytoplasmic organelles and abundant, densely packed, cytoplasmic filaments. The intercellular matrix is very sparse. The pericellular ring consists of collagen fibrils about 20 nm in diameter and a proteoglycan cartilage matrix in the form of a “stellate reticulum”. The complex of these two structures appears in the scanning electron micrographs as a network of randomly oriented, ca 100 nm thick fibrils. Spaces between pericellular rings of matrix also contain thick elastic fibers or plates, apparently devoid of microfibrils. In scanning electron micrographs elastic fibers could be detected only in a few areas, in which they were not obscured by other constituents of the matrix. Immature forms of elastic fibers, oxytalan (pre-elastic) and elaunin fibers, were found in the perichondrial and boundary zones.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00210101
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  • 119
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Specializations for excitation-contraction coupling in the podial retractor cells of the starfish Stylasterias forreri (1981)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 218 (1981), S. 475-485 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Excitation-contraction coupling ; Podium ; Retractor cells ; Starfish ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Ultrastructural examination of the podium of the asteroid echinoderm Stylasterias forreri has revealed that cells of the coelomic epithelium and cells of the retractor muscle should be considered as components of a single epithelium. The podial retractor cells are, therefore, myoepithelial in nature. This report concentrates on those ultrastructural features of the retractor cells that are most likely involved with excitation-contraction coupling. The spatial arrangement of the sarcoplasmic reticulum, the couplings between the sarcoplasmic reticulum and sarcolemma, and an intramembranous specialization of the sarcolemma are documented and discussed. Current concepts regarding the innervation of the retractor cells of the podium and the protractor cells of the ampulla are reviewed, and specific proposals for further investigation of podial innervation are outlined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00210108
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    Ultrastructure of the coelomic lining in the podium of the starfish Stylasterias forreri (1981)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 218 (1981), S. 449-473 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Coelomic lining ; Myoepithelium ; Podium ; Starfish ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Ultrastructural examination of the podium of the asteroid echinoderm Stylasterias forreri reveals that cells of the coelomic epithelium and cells of the retractor muscle are, in fact, components of a single epithelium. The basal lamina of this unified epithelium adjoins the connective tissue layer of the podium. The principal epithelial cells in the coelomic lining are the flagellated adluminal cells and the myofilament-bearing retractor cells. Adluminal cells interdigitate extensively with each other and form zonular intermediate and septate junctions at their apicolateral surfaces. The adluminal cells emit processes which extend between the underlying retractor cells and terminate on the basal lamina of the epithelium. Retractor cells exhibit unregistered arrays of thick and thin myofilaments. The periphery of the retractor cell is characteristically thrown into keel-like folds which interdigitate with the processes of neighboring cells. Specialized intermediate junctions bind the retractor cells to each other and anchor the retractor cells to the basal lamina of the epithelium. The retractor cells are not surrounded by external laminae or connective tissue envelopes. It is concluded that the coelomic lining in the podium of S. forreri is a bipartite epithelium and that the retractor cells of the podium are myoepithelial in nature. There are no detectable communicating (gap) junctions between the epithelial cells of the coelomic lining.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00210107
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  • 121
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    Intranuclear inclusion bodies within neurons of spinal and cranial ganglia in three cyprinid species (1981)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 218 (1981), S. 529-536 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Intranuclear inclusions ; Neurons ; Cyprinids ; Histochemistry ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A histological examination of 205 fish representing four cyprinid species from a site 2.5 miles north of Wheeling, West Virginia, on the Ohio River revealed large (2–4 μm) cuboidal intranuclear inclusion bodies (NIB's) within neurons in the cranial and spinal ganglia of three species. Because the minnows had been caught during a yearly sampling of fish, an additional 63 minnows were taken the following year. Inclusions were again observed. The NIB's stain strongly with phloxine as well as with Mallory and Giemsa stains, appearing bright red or pink. Various histochemical tests indicated that the inclusions contain protein and lipid but no carbohydrates or nucleic acids. No heavy metals were detected by electron probe analysis. At the ultrastructural level the inclusions exhibit subunits resembling hexagons measuring 326–350 nm. Previously suggested causes for such inclusions include effects of viruses, aging, drugs, cellular transformation, and an altered metabolic state of affected cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00210112
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  • 122
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    Ultrastructural and cytochemical effects of trypan blue on TSH stimulation of thyroid follicular cells (1981)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 218 (1981), S. 547-556 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Thyroid stimulating hormone ; Trimetaphosphatase ; Ultrastructure ; Lysosomes ; Trypan blue
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Ultrastructural and cytochemical techniques were used to study the effects of trypan blue on the response of mouse-thyroid cells to exogenous stimulation by thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH). The dye delayed the response to TSH resulting in decreased colloid-droplet formation in the apical region of the cells. The dye did not stop the shift of trimetaphosphatase activity from lysosomes to phagolysosomes. The duration of the TSH-induced response was shorter in the dye treated thyroids. Small vesicles, with trimetaphosphatase reaction product, were found near Golgi elements, phagolysosomes, and the plasma membrane facing the intercellular space of adjacent follicle cells. Their enzyme activity was not affected by exposure to the dye. These data indicate that the primary effect of trypan blue on the response of thyroid follicle cells to TSH stimulation was reduced endocytosis in the apical region resulting in fewer colloid droplets.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00210114
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  • 123
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    Fine structure of the gastric mucous and endocrine cells of the toad, Bufo marinus (1981)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 218 (1981), S. 663-668 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Amphibia ; Ultrastructure ; Gastric mucosa ; Cytochemistry ; Secretory granules
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructure of the mucous and endocrine cells of the gastric mucosa of the cane toad (Bufo marinus) has been examined. Surface mucous cells line the entire gastric mucosa and pits. Many of their secretory granules contain an electron-dense core that remains unreactive after cytochemical testing for glycoproteins. A second spatially and structurally discrete population of mucous cells is present in the gastric glands. These glandular mucous cells are probably homologous with the antral gland and mucous neck cells of mammals; their secretory granules also contain non-glycoprotein cores. Three distinct populations of endocrine cells show structural homologies with gastric hormone-storing cells of higher vertebrates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00210123
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  • 124
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    Subcellular distribution of ionic components in gastric mucosa of the guinea pig (1981)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 219 (1981), S. 143-158 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Stomach ; Guinea pig ; Electrolyte distribution ; Acid secretion ; Ultrastructure ; Carbohydrate cytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The topographical distribution of cations, anions and polyanions in the guinea-pig stomach has been studied by ultrastructural cytochemical methods. After fixation with the pyroantimonate-osmium tetroxide solution, variable-sized precipitates were localized in the basolateral extracellular space bordering parietal cells or chief cells but not in that bordering mucus-secreting cells. The basal lamina of all gastric cells disclosed a continuous layer of heavy antimonate deposits. Parietal cells disclosed uniformly fine deposits also on the apical plasmalemma both at the main lumen and in the intracellular canaliculi, and revealed, as well, coarse precipitates in the mitochondria. Fixation with a silver acetate-osmium tetroxide solution yielded nitric acid-resistant, silver deposits confined to the luminal surface of the apical plasmalemma in the main lumen and intracellular canaliculi, the lateral intercellular space, the outer surface of the basal plasmalemma and the basal lamina of the parietal cell. Staining with dialyzed iron demonstrated a glycocalyx rich in acid mucosubstance on the basolateral plasmalemma but not on the apical plasmalemma of parietal cells. In contrast, acid glycoconjugate was visualized on the apical plasmalemma of isthmus cells, mucous neck cells and the transitional cell between isthmus and mucous neck cells but little or no acidic glycoconjugate was demonstrated on the basolateral plasmalemma of these cells. The entire plasmalemma of gastroendocrine cells, unlike other epithelial cells, stained uniformly for acidic glycoconjugate. The dialyzed iron and high iron diamine methods stained the outer compartment of mitochondria in parietal cells intensely and that in other gastric cells lightly. These reagents stained the basal lamina of all gastric cells as did ruthenium red. The several characteristic cytochemical properties of parietal cells presumably relate to the unique secretory activity of these cells and are consistent with the view of the intracellular canaliculi of the parietal cell as the main route for hydrogen and chloride ion secretion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00210024
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  • 125
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    Ultrastructural study of the endothelial cells in teleost liver sinusoids under normal and experimental conditions (1981)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 219 (1981), S. 649-657 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Endothelial cells ; Liver sinusoids ; Teleost ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructure of the endothelial cells of liver sinusoids was studied in the teleost, Pimelodus maculatus. These cells have the ability to form pinocytotic vacuoles, starting with the formation of marginal folds. The latter occur in many cells after stimulation by India ink injections and ink particles are ingested by pinocytosis and by micropinocytosis. Desmosomes, structures rarely described between liver sinusoidal endothelial cells, are present in this species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00210002
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  • 126
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    Full-term and prematurely ruptured fetal membranes (1981)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 220 (1981), S. 263-278 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Ultrastructure ; Chorion ; Amnion ; Fetal membranes ; Prematurity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The layers of the human amnion and chorion were examined by light and transmission electron microscopy. Comparisons among different anatomical sites with respect to full-term and prematurely ruptured membranes indicate that (a) the thickness of the membranes is reduced near the rupture point; (b) intercellular canals near the implantation site become dilated and branched; (c) the trophoblast layer of full-term membranes is thinner and with more degenerating cells; and (d) the fibroblast and spongy layers have fewer collagenous fibers and less organization near the rupture site. These findings suggest that, although cellular activity is maintained in prematurely ruptured membranes, the mainly collagenous extracellular matrix undergoes marked disorientation. If this occurs too early in gestation, it may lead to premature rupture.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00210508
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  • 127
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    Masthead (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure and Cellular Biochemistry 15 (1981) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0275-3723
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsscb.1981.380150101
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  • 128
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    Proteolytic domains of the epidermal growth factor receptor of human placenta (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure and Cellular Biochemistry 15 (1981), S. 15-27 
    Details
    ISSN: 0275-3723
    Keywords: epidermal growth factor ; epidermal growth factor receptor ; integral membrane proteins ; hormone receptor ; limited proteolysis ; Chemistry ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Microsomal membranes from human placenta, which bind 5-20 pmol of 125I-epidermal growth factor (EGF) per mg protein, have been affinity-labeled with 125I-EGF either spontaneously or with dimethylsuberimidate. Coomassie blue staining patterns on SDS polyacrylamide gels are minimally altered, and the EGF-receptor complex appears as a specifically labeled band of 180,000 daltons which is not removed by urea, neutral buffers, or chaotropic salts but is partially extracted by mild detergents. Limited proteolysis by alpha chymotrypsin and several other serine proteases yields labeled fragments of 170,000, 130,000, 85,000, and 48,000 daltons. More facile cleavage by papain or bromelain rapidly degrades the hormone-receptor complex to smaller labeled fragments of about 35,000 and 25,000 daltons. These fragments retain the binding site for EGF, are capable of binding EGF, and remain associated with the membrane. Alpha chymotryptic digestion of receptor solubilized by detergents yields the same fragments obtained with intact vesicles, suggesting that the fragments may represent intrinsic proteolytic domains of the receptor.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsscb.1981.380150103
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  • 129
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    Phenotypic diversification of a cultured tumor line as a function of substratum (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure and Cellular Biochemistry 15 (1981), S. 317-326 
    Details
    ISSN: 0275-3723
    Keywords: culture substratum ; influence on morphogenesis ; mouse hepatoma ; phenotypes in vitro ; surface antigens ; modulation by culture substratum; ; tumor malignancy in vivo ; modification by preculture ; Chemistry ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: We have found that a murine hepatoma displays a considerable phenotypic diversification in culture, which depends upon the substratum utilized, and is manifested by the formation of multicellular structures of differing geometry: Monolayer on glass and plastic, thick multilayer pads on Gelfilm, and spheroids on agar and agarose. These multicellular morphological phenotypes were assayed without disruption to ascertain their antigenicity in vitro and their tumorigenicity in vivo and to obtain quantitative information on the effect of the spatial arrangement of the hepatoma cells upon the ability of each multicellular structure to interact, as a whole, with molecules and cells in its surroundings.The antigenicity of the multicellular structures was determined with calibrated probes and a methodology that measures the total antigenicity, as well as antigenicity per unit of surface area. Antigenicity was found to differ in the following decreasing order: Monolayer on plastic 〉 spheroids on agarose 〉 spheroids on agar 〉 multilayer on Gelfilm. At least part of these antigenic variants arise from different degrees of masking of the structures' surface determinants by a trypsin-sensitive material.The multicellular phenotypes also differed in tumorigenicity. When assayed in syngeneic hosts under comparable conditions, agar-grown spheroids produced the fewest tumors, whereas Gelfilm-grown multilayers produced the most.These two independent sets of data show that the various geometries that a tumor tissue is induced to acquire by the culture substratum are accompanied by a distinctive combination of surface and biological properties.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsscb.1981.380150402
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  • 130
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    Heparin-inhibitable lectins: Marked similarities in chicken and rat (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure and Cellular Biochemistry 15 (1981), S. 395-402 
    Details
    ISSN: 0275-3723
    Keywords: lectins (vertebrate) ; heparin ; Glycosaminoglycans ; Chemistry ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Extracts of young rat lung contain a heparin-inhibitable lectin that closely resembles one recently purified from chicken liver. Both lectins interact with heparin and N-acetyl-D-galactosamine, and were purified by gel filtration on Sepharose CL-2B followed by affinity chromatography on heparin-Sepharose. They both behave as high molecular weight aggregates that can be dissociated into two peptides with apparent molecular weights of 13,000 and 16,000 by gel electrophoresis in SDS. Samples of purified lectin contained up to 20% DNA by weight, and the degree of lectin aggregation and hemagglutination activity was greatly reduced by treatment with micrococcal nuclease without inhibiting heparin-binding activity. Association of lectin with DNA is an artifact of homogenization in high salt, since only 2% of the lectin is found associated with a purified nuclear fraction.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsscb.1981.380150409
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  • 131
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    Stimulation of DNA polymerase α by a nuclear DNA/protein complex (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure and Cellular Biochemistry 16 (1981), S. 1-13 
    Details
    ISSN: 0275-3723
    Keywords: DNA polymerasc α ; nuclear DNA/protein complex ; SV40 T-antigen ; Chemistry ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: A nuclear DNA complex containing DNA polymerase and SV40 T-antigen was isolated from nuclei of SV40-transformed mouse fibroblasts. DNA polymerase could be separated from the complex. The remaining DNA/T-antigen-containing complex stimulated DNA polymerase a activity about 10-fold. The complex contained 4 major proteins with molecular weights of 46, 54, 76, and 94 kilodalton (KD). The stimulation activity was retained by protein A-Sepharose loaded with specific IgG from SV40-tumor bearer serum, or from antisera against the 94 KD and 76 KD components and was partially inhibited in the presence of these antisera. The stimulation activity was completely abolished by treatment of the complex with trypsin or DNase I.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsscb.1981.380160102
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  • 132
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    Two chick embryonic adhesion systems: Molecular vs tissue specificity (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure and Cellular Biochemistry 16 (1981), S. 15-27 
    Details
    ISSN: 0275-3723
    Keywords: limb bud ; Fab inhibition ; Ca++ dependence ; specificity ; trypsin sensitivity ; immunological analysis ; cell surface antigen ; cerebellum ; chick embryo ; retina ; heart ; Chemistry ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: We have investigated the adhesive properties of cells from several neural and nonneural chick embryonic tissues dissociated using modifications of the standard dissociation procedures employed routinely in this laboratory to obtain retinal cells. Each of these tissues (7-day optic tectum, retina, and heart, and 3.75-day hmb bud) displayed both Ca++-dependent (CD) and Ca++-independent (CI) aggregation, the relative rates of which differed from tissue to tissue In every case, cells prepared so as to display one mode of aggregation or the other cross-adhered readily to cells - regardless of tissue origin - displaying the same mode of aggregation. Cross adhesion was negligible between cells - even from the same tissue - prepared so as to display different modes of aggregation. Anti-retinal Fab molecules which inhibit selectively either the CI or CD aggregation of retina cells strongly inhibited the corresponding aggregation of optic tectum cells, but had no effect upon the aggregation (CI or CD) of heart cells. These results demonstrate the exis-tence in the tissues examined of dual adhesion mechanisms similar in Ca++ dependence and recognition properties to those of the retina, but showing certain immunological distinctions from the latter. The imrmunological relationship among the adhesion mechanisms from the various tissues is under continuing investigation.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsscb.1981.380160103
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  • 133
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    The repair of DNA damage: Recent developments and new insights (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure and Cellular Biochemistry 16 (1981), S. 91-103 
    Details
    ISSN: 0275-3723
    Keywords: DNA repair ; DNA glycosylases ; E coli ; AP endonucleases ; UV radiation ; alkylation damage ; Chemistry ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: This brief review presents the salient features of new developments in the enzymatic repair of base damage to DNA. DNA glycosylases and apurinic/ apyrimidinic (AP) endonucleases are reviewed and evidence is presented that in at least two prokaryote systems incision of UV-irradiated DNA occurs by the sequential action of these two classes of enzymes. In contradistinction, the uvrA, uvrB, and uvrC gene products of E coli appear to function as a multiprotein complex that catalyzes hydrolysis of phosphodiester bonds in damaged DNA directly. The inducible rapid repair of O6- methylguanine in E coli is also reviewed.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsscb.1981.380160109
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  • 134
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    Genetics of receptors for bioactive polypeptides: A variant of swiss/3T3 fibroblasts resistant to a cytotoxic insulin accumulates lysosome-like vesicles (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure and Cellular Biochemistry 16 (1981), S. 105-113 
    Details
    ISSN: 0275-3723
    Keywords: hormone receptors ; diphtheria toxin ; lysosomes ; hybrid proteins ; Chemistry ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Recently we have isolated six variants of Swiss/3T3 mouse fibroblasts that are resistant to the cytotoxic insulin-diphtheria toxin A fragment. All of the variants proved to have greatly reduced or no insulin binding capacity, and several variants showed altered morphologies and growth characteristics. We now report on the further characterization of one of these variants, CI-3. which displays a massive accumulation of membranous vesicles in its cytoplasm. By electron microscopy these vesicles resemble lysosomes. They also appear to fluorcsce bright orange after treatment of viable cells with acridine orange. However, the specific activity of several lysosomal enzymes is depressed in CI-3. Additionally, there is an apparent shift in the density of vesicles containing lysosomal enzymes in this variant. These alterations may be directly related to CI-3′s resistance to the cytotoxic insulin and have some important bearings on the mechanism of insulin action.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsscb.1981.380160110
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  • 135
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    Presence of trifoliin A, a rhizobium-binding lectin, in clover root exudate (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure and Cellular Biochemistry 16 (1981), S. 133-138 
    Details
    ISSN: 0275-3723
    Keywords: trifoliin A ; clover lectin ; Rhizobium trifolii ; root exudate ; Chemistry ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Trifoliin A, a Rhizobium-binding glycoprotein from white clover, was detected in sterile clover root exudate by a sensitive immunofluorescence assay employing encapsulated cells of Rhizobium trifolii 0403 heat-fixed to microscope slides. Its presence in root exudate was further examined by immunoaffinity chromatography. The binding of trifoliin A to cells was specifically inhibited by the hapten, 2-deoxyglucose. Significantly higher quantities of trifoliin A were detected in root exudate of seedlings grown hydroponically in nitrogen-free medium than in rooting medium containing 15 mM NO-3, a concentration which completely suppressed root hair infection by the nitrogen-fixing symbiont. The presence of trifoliin A in root exudate may make it possible for recognition processes to occur before the microsymbiont attaches to its plant host.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsscb.1981.380160204
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  • 136
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    Biochemical analysis of an MHC-linked hematopoietic cell surface antigen, Qa-2 (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure and Cellular Biochemistry 16 (1981), S. 167-177 
    Details
    ISSN: 0275-3723
    Keywords: gene duplication ; H-2 alloantigen ; Qa-2 alloanligen ; Chemistry ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: The region of the murine 17th chromosome telomeric to H-2D encodes a group of serologically defined cell surface antigens termed Qa-1-5. These antigens are of interest because their expression is restricted to hematopoietic cells. In addition, the molecular weight and subunit structure (ie, association with β-2 microglobulin) of Qa-2 molecules are similar to H-2 and TL antigens. In the present studies, we have prepared isotopically labeled Qa-2 and H-2 molecules from mitogen-stimulated C57BL/6 spleen cells. Comparative peptide mapping of tryptic peptides from Qa-2 and H-2 molecules (Kb, DbKk, Dd) reveal that Qa-2 has a unique primary structure. However, considerable homology is indicated since 30-40% of the Qa-2 peptides cochromatograph with peptides derived from H-2Kb, H-2Db, H-2Kk, and H-2Dd. Studies by other investigators have demonstrated that similar levels of structural homology are observed when H-2K, H-2D, and H-2L tryptic peptides are analyzed. We conclude from these studies that the Qa-2 alloantigen is structurally related to a class of cell surface molecules (ie, H-2) that play critical roles in immune recognition processes. These data further suggest that the genes encoding Qa-2 and H-2 molecules have arisen from a common primordial gene.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsscb.1981.380160207
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    The transforming sequences of avian myelocytomatosis virus (MC29) (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure and Cellular Biochemistry 16 (1981), S. 193-207 
    Details
    ISSN: 0275-3723
    Keywords: recombinant DNA ; acute leukemia virus ; bacleriophage λ ; R-looping ; Chemistry ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Avian myelocytomatosis virus (MC29), a defective acute leukemia virus, has a broad oncogenic spectrum in vivo, and transforms fibroblasts and hematopoietic target cells in vitro. We have used recombinant DNA technology to isolate and characterize the sequences that are essential in the transformation process. Integrated MC29 proviral DNA was isolated from a library of recombinant phage containing DNA from the MC29-transformed nonproducer quail cell line Q5. The cloned DNA was analyzed by Southern blotting of restriction endonuclease digests and by electron microscopic visualization of R-loops formed between the cloned DNA and MC29 or helper virus RNA. It was found that the 9.2 kb cloned DNA insert contains approximately 4 kb of viral sequences and 5.2 kb of quail cellular sequences. The viral sequences contain all of the MC29-specific sequences and 5′ helper related sequences as well as part of the envelope region. The size of the cloned EcoRI fragment is the same as that of the major band in EcoRI-cleaved Q5 DNA that hybridizes to viral sequences. Transfection of the cloned DNA into NIH 3T3 cells revealed that the MC29-specific sequences are functional in that they induce foci of trans-formed cells with high efficiency.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsscb.1981.380160209
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  • 138
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    Endogenous lectins in chickens and slime molds: Transfer from intracellular to extracellular sites (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure and Cellular Biochemistry 16 (1981), S. 233-242 
    Details
    ISSN: 0275-3723
    Keywords: lectins ; slime mold lectins ; vertebrate lectins ; chicken-lactose-lectin-I ; chicken-lactose-lectin-II ; chicken heparin lectin ; Dictyostelium ; secretion ; muscle development ; extracellular materials ; Chemistry ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Endogenous lectins in both cellular slime molds and chicken tissues have been localized primarily intracellularly, in contrast with the predominantly extracellular localization of the glycoproteins, glycolipids, and glycosaminoglycans with which they might interact. Here we present evidence that lectins in both of these organisms may be externalized and become associated with the cell surface and/or extracellular materials. In chicken intestine, chicken-lactose-lectin-II is shown to be localized in the secretory granules of the goblet cells, along with mucin, and to be secreted onto the intestinal surface. In embryonic muscle, chicken-lactose-lectin-I is shown to be externalized with differentiation, ultimately becoming localized on the surface of myotubes and in the extracellular spaces. In a cellular slime mold, Dictyostelium purpureum, externalization of lectin is elicited by either polyvalent glycoproteins that bind the small amount of endogenous cell surface lectin, or by slime mold or plant lectins that bind unoccupied complementary cell surface oligosaccharides. These results suggest that externalization of endogenous lectin may be a response to specific external signals. We conclude that lectins are frequently held in intracellular reserves awaiting release for specific external functions.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsscb.1981.380160304
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    Masthead (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure and Cellular Biochemistry 16 (1981) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0275-3723
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsscb.1981.380160401
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  • 140
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    Repair of bleomycin-damaged DNA by human fibroblasts (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure and Cellular Biochemistry 16 (1981), S. 303-309 
    Details
    ISSN: 0275-3723
    Keywords: bleomycin ; DNA repair ; human DNA repair defects ; Chemistry ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: The ability of human fibroblasts to repair bleomycin-damaged DNA was examined in vivo. Repair of the specific lesions caused by bleomycin (BLM) was investigated in normal cell strains as well as those isolated from patients with apparent DNA repair defects. The diseases ataxia telangiectasia (AT), Bloom syndrome (BS), Cockayne syndrome (CS), Fanconi anemia (FA), and xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) were those selected for study. The method used for studying the repair of DNA after BLM exposure was alkaline sucrose gradient centrifugation. After exposure to BLM, a fall in the molecular weight of DNA was observed, and after drug removal the DNA reformed rapidly to high molecular weight. The fall in molecular weight upon exposure to BLM was observed in all cells examined with the exception of some XP strains. Prelabeled cells from some XP complementation groups were found to have a higher percentage of low molecular weight DNA on alkaline gradients than did normal cells. This prelabeled low molecular weight DNA disappeared upon exposure to BLM.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsscb.1981.380160402
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  • 141
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    Effect of serum, fibronectin, and laminin on adhesion of rabbit intestinal epithelial cells in culture (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure and Cellular Biochemistry 16 (1981), S. 385-392 
    Details
    ISSN: 0275-3723
    Keywords: fibronectin ; intestinal epithelial cell adhesion ; laminin ; Chemistry ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Rabbit intestinal epithelial cells, obtained after a limited hyaluronidase digestion, were incubated in medium with or without calf serum, on bacteriological plastic dishes. The dishes, either plain or coated with an air-dried type I collagen film, were pretreated with medium alone or with medium containing purified laminin or purified fibronectin. Cells did not attach in significant numbers to untreated bacteriological plastic, even in the presence of serum. Cells did attach to collagen-coated dishes, and were judged viable on the basis of their incorporation of radiolabeled leucine into cell protein. Cell adhesion to the collagen substrate increased in proportion to the concentration of serum in the medium, with maximal attachment at 5% serum or greater. Pretreatment of plain or collagen-coated dishes with increasing amounts of fibronectin enhanced cell adhesion in a concentration-dependent manner. Either serum, or fibronectin-free serum in the medium enhanced cell attachment to substrates pretreated with cither fibronectin or laminin. Thus, intestinal epithelial cells appear to possess surface receptors for both laminin and fibronectin. The evidence further suggests that calf serum may contain factors, other than fibronectin, capable of enhancing intestinal epithelial cell attachment to collagen substrates.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsscb.1981.380160409
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  • 142
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    Neuronal differentiation in cultures of weaver (wv) mutant mouse cerebellum (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure and Cellular Biochemistry 17 (1981), S. 79-86 
    Details
    ISSN: 0275-3723
    Keywords: neurite outgrowth ; neuron survival ; weaver mouse ; cerebellar cultures ; Chemistry ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: In the present study we report for the first time a weaver (wv) gene dose effect on neuron survival and neurite formation in vitro. Dissociated cerebellar cells from postnatal 7- and 8-day-old normal ( + / + ), heterozygous weaver ( + /wv) and homozygous weaver (wv/wv) mice were cultured as monolayers on poly-L-lysine coated glass. Cell death occurred rapidly in wv/wv cultures. Cell counts showed that less than 20% of the total neurons and neuronal precursors (identified by “birthday” radiolabeling techniques) survived by Day 3. Cell death was less extensive in + /wv cultures with 65% of the total neurons and 80% of the precursors surviving by Day 3. In contrast to wv/wv cultures, younger neurons survive better than the total population in + /wv cultures. The impairment of neurite formation over the first week is also proportional to the number of mutant genes as shown by quantitation of (a) the percentage of cells with neurites; (b) the percentage of cells with neurites of a given length class with time; (c) the lengths of the longest processes formed per cell. The mean longest neurite lengths obtained by computer digitization at 6 days in vitro were 41.8, 26.8, and 9.0 μm for + / +, + /wv, and wv/wv granule cells, respectively.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsscb.380170109
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  • 143
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    The synthesis of a proteinase inhibitor, α-1-antichymotrypsin, by human breast epithelial cells (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure and Cellular Biochemistry 17 (1981), S. 69-77 
    Details
    ISSN: 0275-3723
    Keywords: human breast epithelia ; glycoproteins ; proteinase inhibitors ; organ culture ; α-1-antichymotrypsin ; breast adenocarcinoma ; glandular structure ; Chemistry ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: The synthesis and release of glycoproteins were studied in organ cultures of human breast surgical specimens and in established breast epithelial cell lines, MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231. Biosynthesis was monitored by the incorporation of 14C-glucosamine. Labeled macromolecules in the culture supernatants were analyzed by biochemical and immunological techniques. One to 8% of the labeled glycoproteins from benign breast and infiltrating ductal carcinoma specimens was precipitated by antibodies produced against human serum 7α-1-antichymotrypsin. Twelve percent of the total glycoproteins from the culture supernatants of the MCF-7 cell line was identified as α-1-antichymo-trypsin. Both the normal serum and the human breast epithelia-derived proteinase inhibitor can be resolved into similar subclasses by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells which were extensively washed with EDTA, serum-free medium, and phosphate-buffered saline retain this proteinase inhibitor on their cell surfaces. Three to 4% of the total cell-surface iodinated components was immunoprecipitated by these specific antibodies. Since α-1-antichymotrypsin is a potent inhibitor of neutral proteinases such as cathepsin G, the demonstration of its synthesis by benign and malignant breast epithelial cells is of considerable interest. This glycoprotein may represent the epithelia's own protective shield of cell surface components and the cell's attempt to moderate the effects of invading leukocytes. In addition, it may play a regulatory role in the maintenance of three-dimensional glandular structures.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsscb.380170108
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  • 144
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    Current concepts and controversies in chemical carcinogenesis (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure and Cellular Biochemistry 17 (1981), S. 99-120 
    Details
    ISSN: 0275-3723
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsscb.380170202
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  • 145
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    Member-associated changes during erythropoiesis. On the mechanism of maturation of reticulocytes to erythrocytes (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure and Cellular Biochemistry 17 (1981), S. 163-181 
    Details
    ISSN: 0275-3723
    Keywords: spectrin-actin complex ; membranoskeleton ; immunoelectron microscopy ; membrane remodeling ; endocytosis ; Chemistry ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: The mature mammalian erythrocyte has a unique membranoskeleton, the spectrin-actin complex, which is responsible for many of the unusual membrane properties of the erythrocyte. Previous studies have shown that in successive stages of differentiation of the erythropoietic series leading to the mature erythrocyte there is a progressive increase in the density of spectrin associated with the membranes of these cells. An important stage of this progression occurs during the enucleation of the late erythroblast to produce the incipient reticulocyte, when all of the spectrin of the former cell is sequestered to the membrane of the reticulocyte. The reticulocyte itself, however, does not exhibit a fully formed membranoskeleton. In particular, the in vitro binding of multivalent ligands to specific membrane receptors on the reticulocyte was shown to cause a clustering of some fractions of these ligand-receptor complexes into special mobile domains on the cell surface. These domains of clustered ligand-receptor complexes became invaginated and endocytosed as small vesicles. By immunoelectron microscopic experiments, these invaginations and endocytosed vesicles were found to be specifically free of spectrin on their cytoplasmic surfaces.These earlier findings then raised the possibility that the maturation of reticulocytes to mature erythrocytes in vivo might involve a progressive loss of reticulocyte membrane free of spectrin, thereby producing a still more concentrated spectrin-actin membranoskeleton in the erythrocyte than in the reticulocyte. This proposal is tested experimentally in this paper. In vivo reticulocytes were observed in ultrathin frozen sections of spleens from rabbits rendered anemic by phenylhydrazine treatment. These sections were indirectly immunolabeled with ferritin-antibody reagents directed to rabbit spectrin. Most reticulocytes in a section had one or more surface invaginations and one or more intra-cellular vesicles that were devoid of spectrin labeling. The erythrocytes in the same sections did not exhibit these features, and their membranes were everywhere uniformly labeled for spectrin. Spectrin-free surface invaginations and intracellular vesicle were also observed with reticulocytes within normal rabbit spleens. Based on these results, a scheme for membrane remodeling during reticulocyte maturation in vivo is proposed.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsscb.380170207
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  • 146
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    Molecular properties of a galaptin and its activity in normal and leukemic erythroid tissue (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure and Cellular Biochemistry 17 (1981), S. 223-230 
    Details
    ISSN: 0275-3723
    Keywords: β-galactoside lectin ; galaptin ; erythropoiesis ; murine erythroleukemia cells (MELC) ; Chemistry ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Recently, the generic term “galaptins” was proposed for the group of low molecular weight, acidic, β-galactoside-specific protein lectins that have been isolated from a wide variety of animal tissues and are thought to have a role in cell-cell recognition and adhesion. A molecule of this type, called erythroid developmental agglutinin (EDA), has been isolated from rabbit bone marow where it seems to mediate the intererythroblast adhesion seen in erythroblastic islands during erythropoiesis in vivo. Here, we show that after purification, EDA shows 95%-100% Coomassie blue staining as a single component on electrophoresis in native, urea, and SDS polyacrylamide gels and electrofocuses as a single band at pH 5.6. EDA has a subunit molecular weight of 13,000 in SDS gels and, unlike the majority of other galaptins, which arc dimeric, native EDA is monomeric in solution. Another monomeric galaptin, chicken lactose lectin II, has been described recently, and it therefore seems that there may be two classes of galaptin distinguishable by their aggregation state in solution.We have previously reported that EDA agglutinates rabbit erythroblasts in vitro and that this reaction is inhibited by β-galactoside-containing sugars and by anti-EDA Fab fragments suggesting that EDA bridges directly between cell surface glycoproteins. The insensitivity of this reaction to cooling, or to the disruption of cellular metabolism or the cytoskeleton demonstrated here further supports this hypothesis. EDA-mediated erythroblast agglutination was also shown to be independent of divalent cations.Since galaptins are thought to be important in cohesion between normal cells, the possibility that EDA is not active in leukemic erythroid tissue was examined. The murine erythroleukemia cell line (MELC) provided an excellent system for this study since MELC are thought to be derived from an erythroid committed cell transformed at an early stage of development and can be induced by a number of chemical agents to differentiate terminally along the erythroid developmental pathway in culture. EDA of rabbit origin was found to agglutinate mouse erythroblasts in vitro and was used to investigate the response of MELC to EDA. It was found that the transformed cells were not readily agglutinated by EDA but on induction, and the concomitant loss of many of their transformed characteristics, MELC gained aggregation competence for EDA. The possible causes of these differences are discussed.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsscb.380170304
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  • 147
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    Initiator and promoter induced specific changes in epidermal function and biological potential (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure and Cellular Biochemistry 17 (1981), S. 245-257 
    Details
    ISSN: 0275-3723
    Keywords: tumor promotion ; carcinogenesis ; epidermal cells ; 12-0-teradecanolylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) ; terminal differentiation ; initiation ; transglutaminase ; ornithine decarboxylase ; Chemistry ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Mouse epidermal basal cells can be selectively cultivated in medium with a calcium concentration of 0.02-0.09 mM. Terminal differentiation and slouching of mature kcratinocytes occur when the calcium concentration is increased to 1.2-1.4 mM. When basal cell cultures are exposed to chemical initiators of carcinogenesis, colonies of cells that resist calcium-induced differentiation evolve. Likewise, basal cells derived from mouse skin initiated in vivo yield foci that resist terminal differentiation. This defect in the commitment to terminal differentiation appears to be an essential change in initiated cells in skin and is also characteristic of malignant epidermal cells. This model system has also provided a means to determine if basal cells are more responsive to phorbol esters than other cells in epidermis and to explore the possibility that heterogeneity of response exists within subpopulations of basal cells. The induction of the enzyme ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) was used as a marker for responsiveness to phorbol esters. ODC induction after exposure to 12-0-tetradccanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) in basal cells is enhanced 20-fold over the response of a culture population containing both differentiating and basal cells. When basal cells are induced to differentiate by increased calcium, responsiveness to TPA is lost within several hours. In basal cell cultures, two ODC responses can be distinguished. After exposure to low concentrations of TPA or to weak promoters of the phorbol ester series, ODC activity is maximal at 3 hr. With higher concentrations of TPA, the ODC maximum is at 9 hr. These results arc consistent with the presence of subpopulations of basal cells with differing sensitivities to TPA. Other studies that use the enzyme epidermal transglutaminase as a marker for differentiation support this conclusion. In basal cell culture TPA exposure rapidly increases transglutaminase activity and cornified envelope development, reflecting induced differentiation in some cells. As differentiated cells arc sloughed from the dish, the remaining basal cells proliferate and become resitant to induced differentiation by 1.2 m M calcium. These data provide additional evidence of basal cell heterogeneity in which TPA induces one subpopulation to differentiate while another is stimulated to proliferate and resists a differentiation signal. Tumor promoters, by their ability to produce heterogeneous responses with regard to terminal differentiation and proliferation, would cause redistribution of subpopulations of epidermal cells in skin. Cells that resist signals for terminal differentiation, such as initiated cell, would be expected to increase in number during remodeling. Clonal expansion of the intitiated population could result in a benign tumor with an altered program of differentiation. In skin, benign tumors are the principal product of 2-stage carcinogenesis. Subsequent progression to malignancy may involve an additional step, probably a genetic alteration, that is independent of the tumor promoter.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsscb.380170306
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  • 148
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    Changes in cell surface glycoproteins and carbohydrate structures during the development and differentiation of human erythroid cells (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure and Cellular Biochemistry 17 (1981), S. 313-324 
    Details
    ISSN: 0275-3723
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsscb.380170403
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  • 149
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    Cell interactions in the bone marrow microenvironment: Role of endogenous colony-stimulating activity (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure and Cellular Biochemistry 17 (1981), S. 347-357 
    Details
    ISSN: 0275-3723
    Keywords: myeloid progenitor cells ; bone marrow ; stroma ; manosaccharides ; colony-stimulating factor ; Chemistry ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Adherent stromal cells from mouse bone marrow inhibited the formation of granulocyte/monocyte (G/M) colonies induced in vitro by colony-stimulating factor (CSF), This inhibition occurred both when crude conditioned media obtained from various sources were used to induce colony formation or when a pure CSF preparation from mouse lung origin was tested. The inhibition did not appear to be toxic in nature since despite the lack of colony formation, progenitor CFU-C proliferated in the presence of stromal cells. Medium conditioned by adherent stromal cells was devoid of inhibitory activity when incorporated into the culture medium used for G/M colony formation, indicating that the inhibitory activity may not be present in a soluble form. Inhibitors of prostaglandins did not affect G/M colony formation. In contrast, D-glucose and a number of other free monosaccharides but not pyruvate lactate or glycerol induced formation fo myeloid colonies in the presence of stromal cells. This did not require addition of exogenous CSF. Released factors concentrated from serum-free medium conditioned by stromal cells exhibited colony-stimulating activity provided that the medium contained a high glucose concentration during incubation. It is proposed that stromal cells produce a resident CSF that, in contrast to exogenous CSF species, is capable of inducing myelopoiesis within the bone marrow stroma.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsscb.380170406
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  • 150
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    Developmental regulation of glycoprotein biosynthesis in dictyostelium (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure and Cellular Biochemistry 17 (1981), S. 359-368 
    Details
    ISSN: 0275-3723
    Keywords: developmental regulation of glycoprotein ; glycoprotein biosynthesis ; during life-cycle D discoideum ; in D discoideum ; assembly of glycoproteins during development ; regulation of glycoproteins during development ; Chemistry ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: We have examined the glycoprotein-linked oligosaccharides assembled during the life cycle of Dictyostelium discoideum, and found their expression to be dramatically dependent upon the stage of development. During early development mature glycans have a high mannose character, and a substantial proportion acquire a fucose residue that correlates with endo-H resistance. One-third of the glycans also acquire sulfate residues. These glycans diminish in importance during aggregation.The mature glycans expressed during late development contain fewer mannose residues, from five to ten mannose residues, and are characterized by the absence of sulfate residues and by the presence of fucose residues on endo-H-sensitive glycans. These glycans make their appearance coincident with the construction of tips on tight cell mounds. At this stage glycans characteristic of both early and late stages occur simultaneously.Developmental regulation of the wide array of protein-linked glycans expressed during the life cycle of Dictyostelium discoideum may be as simple as the controlled transition from a group of structures that are assembled by the vegetative cells to a group of structures that are assembled by the terminally differentiating cells. The potential biological significance of this transition is discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsscb.380170407
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  • 151
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    Differentiation and function of hematopoiteic cell surfaces, abstracts 270-401 (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure and Cellular Biochemistry 17 (1981), S. 99-146 
    Details
    ISSN: 0275-3723
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsscb.380170503
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  • 152
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    Structure and DNA-protein interactions of replication origins, abstracts 876-964 (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure and Cellular Biochemistry 17 (1981), S. 319-351 
    Details
    ISSN: 0275-3723
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsscb.380170506
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  • 153
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    Stimulatory activity of PHA-LCM for normal human hemopoietic progenitors and leukemic blast cell precursors: Separation by isoelectric focusing (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure and Cellular Biochemistry 15 (1981), S. 41-48 
    Details
    ISSN: 0275-3723
    Keywords: hemopoiesis ; leukemia ; hemopoietic progenitors ; cell culture ; stimulatory molecules ; isoelectric focusing ; Chemistry ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Medium conditioned by leukocytes in the presence of phytohemagglutinin (PHA-LCM) promotes growth of human hemopoietic progenitors (CFU-GEMM, BFU-E, CFU-C) and precursors of leukemic blast cells. PHA-LCM was separated by isoelectric focusing and each fraction tested with nonadherent cells of normal individuals as well as blast cells from two patients with acute myelogenous leukemia. Activity profiles for CFU-GEMM, BFU-E and CFU-C ranged from pH 5.0-6.5. The profile for activity stimulatory for leukemic blast cells was broader and ranged from pH 5.5-7.5. Although some overlap was observed, the main peaks of stimulatory activity for normally differentiating progenitors and precursors of leukemic blast cells were separable with respect to their isoelectric point.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsscb.1981.380150105
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  • 154
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    Cleavage of cell surface proteins by thrombin (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure and Cellular Biochemistry 15 (1981), S. 49-61 
    Details
    ISSN: 0275-3723
    Keywords: labeling of cell surface proteins ; two-dimensional gel electrophoresis ; fibronectin ; Chemistry ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: This study was based on our previous findings that the mitogenic action of thrombin on cultured fibroblasts can result from interaction of thrombin with the cell surface in the absence of internalization, and that the proteolytic activity of thrombin is required for stimulation of cell division. This prompted us to look for thrombin-mediated cleavages using 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis of labeled cell surface proteins. Surface membrane components were labeled by 3 procedures: (1) proteins were labeled by lactoperoxidase-catalyzed iodination using 125I-; (2) galactose and galactosamine residues of glycoproteins were oxidized with galactose oxidase and reduced with 3H-NaBH4; and (3) glycoproteins were metabolically labeled by incubating cells with 3H-fucose. Labeling with the first 2 procedures was carried out after thrombin treatment; in contrast, cells metabolically labeled with 3H-fucose were subsequently treated with thrombin to look for proteolytic cleavages. Collectively, these studies indicated that only about 5 cell surface proteins were thrombin-sensitive, consistent with the high specificity of this protease. Each of the labeling procedures revealed a thrombin-sensitive cell surface glycoprotein which was identified as fibronectin by immunoprecipitation experiments. In addition, cell surface proteins of about 140K and 55K daltons were thrombin-sensitive. However, cell surface proteins of about 45K daltons and 130K to 1 50K daltons were increased after thrombin treatment. These experiments were conducted on an established line of Chinese hamster lung cells with the eventual goal of studying thrombin-mediated cleavages of cell surface proteins in a large number of cloned populations derived from this line that are either responsive or unresponsive to the mitogenic action of thrombin. This approach should permit identification of proteolytic cleavages that are necessary for thrombin-stimulated cell division.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsscb.1981.380150106
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  • 155
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    Effect of exogenous fatty acids on growth, membrane fluidity, and phospholipid fatty acid composition in yeast (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure and Cellular Biochemistry 15 (1981), S. 119-128 
    Details
    ISSN: 0275-3723
    Keywords: yeast growth ; fatty acids ; phospholipids ; lipid fluidity ; Chemistry ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: The growth response of a double-mutant fatty acid auxotroph of yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae to exogenous saturated fatty acids of a homologous series from 12:0 to 16:0, each supplied with oleate, linoleate, linolenate, or cis-Δ11- eicosenoate, cannot be explained in terms of the efficiency of incorporation of the fatty acids into phospholipids or alteration of membrane fluidity. There is, however, a negative correlation between growth and levels of 12:0 plus 13:0 in phospholipids, as well as a positive correlation between growth and levels of 14:0, 1 5:0, and 1 6:0. We, therefore, conclude that the predominant factor in these phospholipid fatty acyl chain modifications is maintenance of an optimal concentration of C14:0 through C16:0 in phospholipids of this organism.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsscb.1981.380150203
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  • 156
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    Spectrin-4.1-actin complex of the human erythrocyte: Molecular basis of its ability to bind cytochalasins with high-affinity and to accelerate actin polymerization in vitro (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure and Cellular Biochemistry 15 (1981), S. 129-138 
    Details
    ISSN: 0275-3723
    Keywords: spectrin ; actin ; erythrocyte ; cytochalasin ; DNase I ; actin polymerization ; Chemistry ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: The spectrin-4.1-actin complex isolated from the cytoskeleton of human erythrocyte [3] was found to be similar to muscle F-actin in several aspects: Both the complex and F-actin nucleate cytochalasin-sensitive actin polymerization; both bind dihydrocytochalasin B with similar binding constants; both can be depolymerized by DNase I with loss of cytochalasin binding activity. From these results, we conclude that the actin in the complex is in an oligomeric form. However, the presence of spectrin and band 4.1 in the complex not only stabilized the actin in the complex as evidenced by its resistance to depolymerization in low-ionic-strength conditions and to DNase I as compared with F-actin, but also altered the characteristics of the binding site(s) for cytochalasins believed to be located at the “barbed” (polymerizing) end of the oligomeric actin.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsscb.1981.380150204
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    Alterations in growth requirements of kidney epithelial cells in defined medium associated with malignant transformation (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure and Cellular Biochemistry 15 (1981), S. 63-72 
    Details
    ISSN: 0275-3723
    Keywords: defined medium ; renal epithelium ; tumorigenicity ; primary culture ; PGE ; independent variant ; Chemistry ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: The possibility has been investigated that (1) the supplements required for the growth of the Madin Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) cell line in serum-free Medium K-l are indeed requirements for the growth of normal kidney cells in vitro, and (2) that alterations in these growth requirements are associated with malignant transformation. Consistent with the hypothesis that MDCK cells resemble normal kidney cells in culture, primary cultures of baby mouse kidney epithelial cells grow in Medium K-l and respond to the 5 components in the-medium. The growth properties of Moloney sarcoma virus (MSV)-transformed MDCK cells in defined media have been examined. Unlike MDCK cells, MSV-transformed MDCK cells form tumors in adult nude mice. Although they still respond to the 5 factors in Medium K-l, the optimal dosage for insulin is lower for the MSV transformants than for MDCK cells. The MSV transformants also have an additional requirement for growth in Medium K-l - fibronectin. Variants of MDCK cells have been isolated that have lost the PGE1 requirement for growth in defined medium. These variant cells have acquired (1) the ability to form tumors in adult nude mice and (2) an alteration affecting cAMP metabolism, in addition to PGE1 independence.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsscb.1981.380150107
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    Effect of heme on globin messenger RNA synthesis in spleen erythroid cells (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure and Cellular Biochemistry 15 (1981), S. 73-81 
    Details
    ISSN: 0275-3723
    Keywords: erythroid cells ; globin messenger RNA ; heme ; isonicotinic acid hydrazide ; penicillamine ; transcription ; Chemistry ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Synthesis of globin mRNA in erythroid spleen cells from anemic mice was measured after in vitro incubation under conditions in which the level of intracellular heme was manipulated. This newly synthesized globin mRNA was isolated by hybridization with globin cDNA covalently bound to cellulose. Isonicotinic acid hydrazide (INH) and penicillamine were used as specific inhibitors of heme synthesis. It has been found that a 120-min incubation of spleen erythroid cells with 5 mM INH or 5mM penicillamine reduced [3H] uridine incorporation into globin mRNA by 24% or 36%, respectively. The addition of heme to INH- or penicillamine-treated cells almost completely restored [3H] uridine incorporation into globin mRNA. These results indicate that heme stimulates transcription or processing of globin mRNA.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsscb.1981.380150108
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  • 159
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    Extracellular regulation of fibroblast multiplication: A direct kinetic approach to analysis of role of low molecular weight nutrients and serum growth factors (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure and Cellular Biochemistry 15 (1981), S. 83-110 
    Details
    ISSN: 0275-3723
    Keywords: cell growth ; nutrients ; growth factors ; transformation ; cloning ; kinetic analysis ; Chemistry ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: The principles of enzyme kinetic analysis were applied to quantitate the relationships among serum-derived growth factors, nutrients, and the rate of survival and multiplication of human fibroblasts in culture. The survival or multiplication rate of a population of cells plotted against an increasing concentration of a growth factor or nutrient in the medium exhibited a hyperbolic pattern that is characteristic of a dissociable, saturable interaction between cells and the ligands. Parameters equivalent to the Km and Vmax of enzyme kinetics were assigned to nutrients and growth factors. When all nutrient concentrations were optimized and in steady state, serum factors accelerated the rate of multiplication of a normal cell population. The same set of nutrients that supported a maximal rate of multiplication in the presence of serum factors supported the maintenance of non-proliferating cells in the absence of serum factors. Therefore, under this condition, serum factors are required for cell division and play a purely regulatory iole in multiplication of the cell population. The quantitative requirement for 18 nutrients of 29 that were examined was significantly higher (P 〈 0.001) for cell multiplication in the presence of serum factors than for cell maintenance in the absence of serum factors. This indicated specific nutrients that may be quantitatively important in cell division processes as well as in cell maintenance. The quantitative requirement for Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, Pi, and 2-oxocarboxylic acid for cell multiplication was modified by serum factors and other purified growth factors. The requirement for over 30 other nutrients could not clearly be related to the level of serum factors in the medium. Serum factors also determined the Ca2+, K+, and 2-oxocarboxylic acid requirement for maintenance of non-proliferating cells. Therefore, when either Ca2+, K+, or 2-oxocarboxylic acid concentration was limiting, factors in serum played a role as cell “survival or maintenance” factors in addition to their role in cell division as “growth regulatory” factors. However, with equivalent levels of serum factors in the medium, the requirement for Ca2+, K+, and 2-oxocarboxylic acids was still much higher for multiplication than for maintenance. Kinetic analysis revealed that the concentrations of individual nutrients modify the quantitative requirement for others for cell multiplication in a specific pattern. Thus, specific quantitative relationships among different nutrients in the medium are important in the control of the multiplication rate of the cell population. When all nutrient concentrations were optimal for multiplication of normal cells, the multiplication response of SV40-virus-transformed cells to serum factors was similar to that of normal cells. When serum factors were held constant, transformed cells required significantly less (P 〈 0.001) of 12 of the 26 nutrients examined. Therefore, the transformed cells only have a growth advantage when the external concentration of specific nutrients limits the multiplication rate of normal cells. Taken together, the results suggest that the control of cell multiplication is intimately related to external concentrations of nutrients. Specific growth regulatory factors may stimulate cell proliferation by modification of the response of normal cells to nutrients. Transforming agents may confer a selective growth advantage on cells by a constitutive alteration of their response to extracellular nutrients.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsscb.1981.380150109
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    In vitro characteristics of metastatic variant subclones of restricted genetic origin (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure and Cellular Biochemistry 15 (1981), S. 139-151 
    Details
    ISSN: 0275-3723
    Keywords: metastatic variants ; in vitro correlates ; rat ; Chemistry ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: We have studied several metastatic variant cell lines derived from a common clonal origin and their transformed and untransformed parental cell lines. A number of in vitro characteristics were examined for each tumor line and these properties were correlated with the ability of the tumor cells to form pulmonary nodules in an experimental metastasis assay.Direct correlations with metastatic behavior in the lung colony assay were found to exist with the amount of cell-bound Concanavalin A and the procoagulant activities of cell lysates. In vitro parameters that did not correlate with the metastatic phenotype were: population doubling times in culture, saturation density achieved in culture, the number of colony-forming cells shed from confluent cultures, rates of cellular attachment to homotypic or heterotypic cell monolayers, plasminogen-activator production and procoagulant activity produced in serum-free conditioned medium.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsscb.1981.380150205
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  • 161
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    Release of erythropoietin from macrophages by treatment with silica (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure and Cellular Biochemistry 15 (1981), S. 169-176 
    Details
    ISSN: 0275-3723
    Keywords: erythropoietin ; macrophages ; silica ; erythrocytic colony-forming units ; polycythemic mouse bioassay ; anti-erythropoietin ; Chemistry ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: An erythropoietic stimulating factor (ESF) can be shown to be released from preincubated macrophage-containing cell suspensions from mice by the macrophage-specific, cytotoxic agent, silica. A concentrated silica treated spleen cell supernatant containing ESF is shown to cause a dose dependent increase in 59 Fe incorporation into red blood cells using the in vivo polycythemic mouse bioassay. The ESF from the same supernatant can also be neutralized by anti-erythropoietin. A second concentrated supernatant fractionated using wheat germ lectin-Sepharose 6MB and compared to either unfractionated or fractionated step 111 erythropoietin (Ep), tested in vitro using the erythroid colony-forming technique and 12-day fetal liver as target cells, indicates parallelism of all linear dose-response lines. This, together with the in vivo data, strongly suggests that the ESF released from macrophages treated with silica is, in fact, Ep. Substituting Ca2+ ions for fetal calf serum in the preincubation procedure results in the same activity being released compared to the presence of 1% or 20% fetal calf serum.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsscb.1981.380150208
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  • 162
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    Murine teratocarcinoma: A model for virus-cell interaction in a differentiating cell system (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure and Cellular Biochemistry 15 (1981), S. 205-211 
    Details
    ISSN: 0275-3723
    Keywords: murine teratocarcinoma ; embryonal carcinoma ; SV40 ; infection ; T antigen ; immunoprecipitation ; replication ; Chemistry ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: The stem cell of the murine teratocarcinoma is refractory to infection with Simian virus 40 and polyoma. Utilizing various procedures, we attempted to alter this block to infection by modifying the infection procedure. Multiple infections with high-titer SV40 and pretreatment of cells with DEAE-dextran or the carcinogen 4-nitroquinoline l-oxide did not induce embryonal carcinoma cells to produce T- antigen. Co-infection with adenovirus 5, which infects the embryonal carcinoma, and SV40 did not induce the expression of SV40 Tantigen. Therefore, these procedures did not overcome the block to virus infection. The assay for the SV40 T antigen was immunofluorescence; however, the immunoprecipitation technique did not detect T antigen in the infected embryonal carcinoma cells. Finally, the viral DNA present in the embryonal carcinoma was examined for its ability to replicate. These studies showed that viral DNA was not replicating as assayed by the viral DNA's sensitivity to UV irradiation when replicating in the presence of 5-bromodeoxyundine.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsscb.1981.380150211
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  • 163
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    The effects of dipalmitoyl phosphatidyl choline on the precipitation of native fibrils and segment-long-spacing aggregates from collagen solution (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure and Cellular Biochemistry 15 (1981), S. 219-234 
    Details
    ISSN: 0275-3723
    Keywords: collagen ; SLS ; phospholipid ; surfactant ; fibrillogenesis ; dipalmitoyl phosphatidyl choline ; electrostatic interactions ; Chemistry ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: The effect of dipalmitoyl phosphatidyl choline (DPPC), the major phospholipid component of pulmonary surfactant, on the precipitation of collagen in the form of native fibrils and segment-long-spacing (SLS) aggregates was studied in vitro. The effects of DPPC on both phases of collagen fibrillogenesis were analyzed spectrophotometrically, and alterations in the morphology of precipitated fibrils and SLS aggregates were ascertained by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Low concentrations of DPPC inhibited the growth phase of fibrillogenesis, while higher concentrations were required to inhibit nucleation. Both the meshwork density and mean width of precipitated fibrils were altered by DPPC, as was the size of SLS aggregates. Segment-long-spacing aggregates prepared from pepsin-treated collagen were inhibited to a greater degree than SLS aggregates prepared from untreated collagen, indicating that the pepsin-susceptible residues of the telopeptide extensions of tropocollagen molecules stabilize SLS aggregates against the effects of DPPC. Based on these results and the inhibition of the growth phase at lower concentrations than those which inhibited the nucleation phase of fibrillogenesis, it was concluded that the primary mechanism of DPPC inhibition is electrostatic interference between the positively charged phospholipid molecules and the net positive charge of collagen. It is proposed that pathological conditions involving the pulmonary epithelium may allow interaction between surfactant and collagen, which could further weaken the interstitial connective tissue.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsscb.1981.380150303
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    Errata (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure and Cellular Biochemistry 15 (1981), S. 315-315 
    Details
    ISSN: 0275-3723
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsscb.1981.380150308
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    Masthead (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure and Cellular Biochemistry 15 (1981) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0275-3723
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsscb.1981.380150401
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  • 166
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    Sperm-egg binding: Identification of a species-specific sperm receptor from eggs of strongylocentrotus purpuratus (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure and Cellular Biochemistry 15 (1981), S. 347-358 
    Details
    ISSN: 0275-3723
    Keywords: egg receptor for sperm ; cell surface glycoconjugate ; sea urchin fertilization ; sperm-egg binding ; bindin-receptor interaction ; Chemistry ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: We have attempted to identify a surface component of echinoderm eggs that is involved in the species-specific binding of sperm. Cell surface membranes from eggs of the sea urchins Strongylocentrotus purpuratus or Arbacia punctulata were radioiodinated, detergent-treated, and subjected to density-gradient centrifugation. In the presence of bindin, the complementary binding protein isolated from sperm, one component of the membranes sedimented to a different density. This membrane component bound-species specifically to sperm that had undergone the acrosome reaction. This binding led to an inhibition of the ability of treated sperm to fertilize eggs. Exhaustive proteolytic digestion of this receptor fraction yields a high molecular weight glycopeptide that can also bind to bindin. It therefore appears that this egg surface membrane fraction contains a functionally intact, species-specific receptor for sperm.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsscb.1981.380150405
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  • 167
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    Phosphoproteins in dictyostelium discoideum (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure and Cellular Biochemistry 15 (1981), S. 369-385 
    Details
    ISSN: 0275-3723
    Keywords: membrane phosphoproteins ; cAMP in development ; Dictyostelium discoideum ; phospho proteins ; Chemistry ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: The phosphoproteins of Dictyostelium discoideum were compared at different stages of development by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Certain phosphoproteins of vegetative amoebae were conserved while others appeared and disappeared during development. Four major phosphoproteins with apparent subunit molecular weights of 50,000, 47,000, 38,000, and 34,000 disappeared precociously in response to exogenous cAMP. Two membranal phosphoproteins, with apparent subunit molecular weights of 80,000 and 81,000, appeared precociously in response to added cAMP. One of these phosphoproteins, molecular weight of 80,000, has been identified tentatively as the “contact site A” glycoprotein. Another membranal protein, with apparent subunit molecular weight of 42,000, unaffected in its appearance by cAMP, has been identified tentatively as phosphoactin.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsscb.1981.380150407
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  • 168
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    Isolation of a high molecular weight glycoconjugate derived from the surface of S purpuratus eggs that is implicated in sperm adhesion (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure and Cellular Biochemistry 15 (1981), S. 387-394 
    Details
    ISSN: 0275-3723
    Keywords: egg receptor for sperm ; cell surface glycoconjugate ; sea urchin fertilization ; sperm-egg binding ; bindin-receptor interaction ; Chemistry ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Sea urchin sperm-egg adhesion is mediated by bindin, a sperm surface protein that has lectin-like activity. Bindin agglutinates eggs, and this interaction has been shown to be inhibited by glycopeptides released from the egg surface by protease treatment. In this study, we report the purification and properties of such an egg surface glycoconjugate that may be involved in sperm adhesion. The glycoconjugate was partially purified by gel filtration and affinity chromatography on bindin particles. Upon gel filtration on Sepharose CL 4-B, the glycoconjugate elutes near the void volume, suggesting that it has a molecular weight in excess of one million. In addition, we have found that the egg surface glycoconjugate agglutinates bindin particles, indicating that it is multivalent. Carbohydrate analysis indicates that the glycoconjugate is composed primarily of fucosc, xylose, galactose, and glucose. This purified egg surface component is the most potent inhibitor of bindin-mediated egg agglutination yet described.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsscb.1981.380150408
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  • 169
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    Protease-insensitive sea urchin embryo cell adhesions become protease sensitive in the presence of azide or cytochalasin B (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure and Cellular Biochemistry 15 (1981), S. 327-333 
    Details
    ISSN: 0275-3723
    Keywords: sea urchin ; cell adhesions ; cell-cell adhesions ; protease effects ; glycopeptidcs ; cell surface protein ; azide ; cytochalasin B ; protease release ; endogenous inhibitor ; Chemistry ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: To understand the nature of the cell adhesions that must be modified during sea urchin embryo primary mesenchyme formation, we are studying the adhesive components of the hatched blastula stage embryo of Strongylocentrotus purpuratus. Pronase treatment conditions have been defined that leave the cells intact and able to recover from the effects of the protease upon its removal. Under these conditions, adhesion of the cells to tissue culture plates is totally eliminated, but cell-cell adhesion formation is only partially inhibited. Analysis of iodinated cell surface proteins indicates that most are affected by thepronase. Further studies of pronase effects found that sodium azide-treated cells are slightly adhesive and that pronase treatment of azidc-treated cells totally eliminates cell-cell adhesions.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsscb.1981.380150403
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  • 170
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    The structure of fibronectin and its role in cellular adhesion (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure and Cellular Biochemistry 16 (1981), S. 345-358 
    Details
    ISSN: 0275-3723
    Keywords: fibronectin ; evolution ; proteolytic fragment ; domain structure ; receptor ; glycoprotein ; cellular adhesion ; adhesion placque ; cell surface protein ; Chemistry ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Fibronectin is a large, adhesive glycoprotein which is found in a number of locations, most notably on cell surfaces, in extracellular matrixes, and in blood. Fibronectin has been detected in all vertebrates tested and in many invertebrates. Its presence in sponges is significant because this suggests that fibronectin may have appeared very early in evolution, possibly with the most primitive multicellular organisms. Cellular and plasma fibronectins have many striking similarities. However, the locations of the polypcptide chain differences between these two proteins indicate that plasma fibronectin cannot be derived from cellular fibronectin by means of simple post-translational proteolysis. Instead, these different types of fibronectin may be products of different genes or of differentially spliced messenger RNA molecules. Amniotic fluid fibronectin is possibly a third form of the protein. Cellular and plasma fibronectins are composed of at least six protcaseresistant domains which contain specific binding sites for actin, gelatin, heparin, Staphylococcus aureus, transglutarninase, fibrin, DNA, and a cell surface receptor. The relative locations of these domains have been mapped in the primary structure of fibronectin. The cell surface receptor for fibronectin has not been positively identified, but may be a glycoprotein, a glycolipid, or a complex of the two. Although cell-substratum adhesion is mediated by fibronectin, the locations of the areas of closest approach of the cell to the substratum (the adhesion plaques) and fibronectin are not coincident under conditions of active cell growth. Under conditions of cell growth arrest in low scrum concentrations, some fibronectin may become localized at the adhesion plaques. Models describing the domain structure of fibronectin and the molecular organization of the adhesion plaque area are presented.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsscb.1981.380160405
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  • 171
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    Antigenic and genetic parameters in the stimulation and in the lytic phases of anti-hapten + self cytotoxic T cells and their derived clones: Role of the T helper cell (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure and Cellular Biochemistry 16 (1981), S. 359-370 
    Details
    ISSN: 0275-3723
    Keywords: anti-hapten + self CTL ; T helper ; CTL clones ; (non)-responder strain ; Chemistry ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Requirements for stimulation of cytotoxic T cells (CTL) and for their lytic recognition have been compared in T cell lines repeatedly stimulated with trinitrobenzene sulfonate-treated syngeneic murine spleen cells. Differences were observed between the requirements for cells to stimulate or to be lysed by the CTL, which included: (a) the expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC = H-2) encoded allelic products, and (b) the hapten density. Propagation of the CTL within the line required I-A intra-H-2 homology between hapten-treated stimulating cells and the line cells, whereas the lytic interaction required H-2K region homology between hapten-treated target cells and CTL. The hapten density requirement was analyzed for a responder (H-2k) and a non-responder (H-2b) strain to low hapten density modified syngeneic cells. This property was found to be a characteristic of the lytic phase rather than of the stimulation of CTL. CTL clones could be derived by growing the line cells under conditions of limiting dilution in the presence of T cell growth factors. Such CTL clones were unable to be stimulated by their target antigens and were dependent on T cell growth factors for their propagation. These results are discussed in terms of the dependence of the development and growth of CTL on T helper cells.
    Additional Material: 6 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsscb.1981.380160406
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  • 172
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    Structural analysis of fibronectin with monoclonal antibodies (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure and Cellular Biochemistry 17 (1981), S. 153-161 
    Details
    ISSN: 0275-3723
    Keywords: difference between cellular and plasma forms ; fibronectin ; monoclonal antibodies ; structure and function ; Chemistry ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: The reactivity of six monoclonal antibodies with fragments of fibronectin produced with trypsin, chymotrypsin, and Staphylococcus aureus V8 protease is described. All these antibodies reacted with fragments derived from the C-terminal one-third of fibronectin. This region probably contains sites for the binding of fibronectin to cells, and to heparin and may also contain active sites for the reattachment, spreading, and alignment of transformed cells. Analysis of the reactivities of different sets of proteolytic fragments with the antibodies and with other ligands (eg. heparin) allows one to determine overlaps between the fragments and to locate the positions of the different binding sites for antibodies and ligands. One of the antibodies has allowed us to identify a site of structural difference between cellular and plasma fibronectins from hamsters. The site recognized by this antibody is located near to, but not at, the C-terminal end and docs not involve carbohydrate groups. Because of its internal location in fibronectin, this difference suggests that there are probably different genes for cellular and plasma fibronectin. These monoclonal antibodies should be useful for further probing the functions present in the C-terminal regions of fibronectin and for determining their locations.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsscb.380170206
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    Photoaffinity labeling of the insulin receptor in H4 hepatoma cells: Lack of cellular receptor processing (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure and Cellular Biochemistry 15 (1981), S. 1-13 
    Details
    ISSN: 0275-3723
    Keywords: insulin receptors ; photoaffinity labeling ; electrophoresis ; Chemistry ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Photoaffinity labeling techniques were used to identify insulin-binding components of the plasma membrane in insulin-responsive, monolayer-cultured hepatoma cells. The activated, photosensitive reagent, an n-hydroxysuccinimide ester of 4-azidobenzoic acid, was coupled with highly purifed insulin, and the hormone derivative was subsequently iodinated, bound to cell surface receptors of intact H4 cells, and photoactivatcd. After dissolution of the cells, labeled proteins were analyzed by SDS/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under reducing conditions. The main labeled band exhibited an apparent molecular weight of 130,000. Two minor components of apparent mol wt 95,000 and 40,000 were also identified. Specific labeling of all 3 bands was inhibited by simultaneous incubation of the cells with native insulin, but not by the heterologous hormone, glucagon, prior to photoactivation. Binding of azidobenzoyl-insulin to H4 cells was time-dependent, as was the correlated labeling of receptor components. Band-labeling by the photosensitive insulin derivative was totally light-dependent; spontaneous covalent linking of insulin and receptor was not observed. The labeled receptor-related proteins were not degraded by the cells under our experimental conditions.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsscb.1981.380150102
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  • 174
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    Interaction of serum and cell spreading affects the growth of neoplastic and non-neoplastic fibroblasts (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure and Cellular Biochemistry 15 (1981), S. 29-40 
    Details
    ISSN: 0275-3723
    Keywords: serum ; neoplastic ; non-neoplastic ; growth ; cell area ; cell spreading ; Chemistry ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Both growth factor availability and cell-to-cell contact have been mechanisms used to explain cell growth regulation at high cell density. Recently Folkman and colleagues have shown that changes in cell shape, rather than cell-to-cell contact, can regulate the growth of fibroblasts. However, in those studies the relation between serum and shape regulation of growth was not studied, nor were neoplastic and non-neoplastic cells compared. In this report we have studied these aspects by varying cell spreading and serum concentration independently for 2 non-neoplastic and 3 neoplastic cell lines. Cell spreading (projected cell area) was controlled by decreasing the adhesiveness of tissue culture plastic plates with poly (hydroxyethyl methacrylate) [poly (HEMA)]. Cell growth was measured as the increase in cell number/day. We have found that more spreading increased net growth of both neoplastic and non-neoplastic cells, while less spreading (toward rounded configuration) depressed growth. There were also quantitative differences between neoplastic and non-neoplastic cells. Neoplastic cells continued to grow under conditions of cell rounding, which completely prevented the growth of their non-neoplastic counterparts. Some neoplastic cells also tended to show little or no increase in net cell number for serum concentrations above 10% as cells became more spread; in contrast, all non-neoplastic cells grew more with increasing concentrations of serum as they became well spread. Thus, in normal cells, it appears that the sensitivity of cells to humoral factors is governed by cell spreading. This interaction between serum and cell shape is less prominent in some neoplastic cells.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsscb.1981.380150104
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  • 175
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    Masthead (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure and Cellular Biochemistry 15 (1981) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0275-3723
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsscb.1981.380150201
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  • 176
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    The hatching enzyme from xenopus laevis: Limited proteolysis of the fertilization envelope (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure and Cellular Biochemistry 15 (1981), S. 111-117 
    Details
    ISSN: 0275-3723
    Keywords: hatching enzyme ; proteases ; limited proteolysis ; Xenopus ; envelopes ; Chemistry ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Hatching in the amphibian Xenopus laevis involves release of an embryo-secreted hatching enzyme, a protease, which weakens the envelope surrounding the embryo. The envelope is not totally solubilized, which infers that only selected envelope components are hydrolyzed by the enzyme. The susceptibility of the glycoprotein components composing the envelope to hydrolysis by the hatching enzyme was investigated. Isolated envelopes in various physical states, ie, particulate and solubilized, were treated with the hatching enzyme, and the resulting envelope hydrolysis products were characterized by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The susceptibility of the envelope components to proteolysis was not a function of the state of the envelope. The envelope components most susceptible to proteolysis were the 125K and 11 8K components followed by the 60K and 71 - 77K components. These components are minor constituents of the envelope. The major constituents, 33K and 40K, were relatively resistant to hydrolysis by the hatching enzyme. From these observations, we infer that the envelope components hydrolyzed are components that link or bind together the major structural elements of the envelope, eg, the 33K and 40K components. Selective destruction of the components required for maintaining the structural integrity of the envelope, eg, the “nuts and bolts” of the structure, permits a weakening of the envelope that allows the embryo to hatch without having to destroy totally (hydrolyze) the envelope.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsscb.1981.380150202
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    Effects of guanine nucleotides on cns neuropeptide receptors (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure and Cellular Biochemistry 15 (1981), S. 153-159 
    Details
    ISSN: 0275-3723
    Keywords: bombesin receptors ; guanine nucleotides ; neuropeptide receptors ; vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) receptors ; Chemistry ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: The effect of nucleotides on central nervous system neuropeptide receptor binding was investigated. The guanine nucleotides, guanosine-5′-triphosphate and guanylyl-5′-imidodiphosphate, significantly inhibited the binding of radiolabeled vasoactive intestinal polypeptide but not that of [Tyr4]bombesin to rat brain membranes. Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide binding was inhibited by guanine nucleotides in a dose-dependent manner. Using a 20 μM dose, 60% of the specific vasoactive intestinal polypeptide binding was inhibited by guanylyl-5′-imidodiphosphate, which was more potent than guanosine-5′-triphosphate, whereas other nucleotides were not effective. This reduction in binding was a consequence of lower affinity of the receptor for vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, which in turn resulted from an increased rate of dissociation.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsscb.1981.380150206
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  • 178
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    Masthead (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure and Cellular Biochemistry 15 (1981) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0275-3723
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsscb.1981.380150301
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  • 179
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    Neonatal imprinting and hepatic cytochrome P-450 II. Partial purification of a sex-dependent and neonatally imprinted form(s) of cytochrome P-450 (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure and Cellular Biochemistry 15 (1981), S. 193-204 
    Details
    ISSN: 0275-3723
    Keywords: neonatal imprinting ; cytochrome P-450 development ; sex-dependent differences ; microsomal drug metabolism ; Chemistry ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: A new form of cytochrome P-450 was partially purified from hepatic microsomes of neonatally imprinted rats (adult male and adult male castrated at four weeks of age). This new form of cytochrome P-450 appears to have an apparent molecular weight of approximately 50,000 daltons as judged by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. It appears that this form of cytochrome P-450 is either absent or present in low concentrations in cytochrome P-450 preparations isolated from neonatally nonimprinted rats (adult female and adult male castrated at birth). Reconstitution of testosterone hydroxylase and benzphetamine N-demethylase activities of this partially purified cytochrome P-450 revealed that the presence of testosterone 16α-hydroxylase activity, an imprintable microsomal enzyme, was in parallel with the imprinting status of the animals; a significantly higher activity was detected in the neonatally imprinted than that of the nonimprinted animals. This was in contrast to the nonimprintable benzphetamine N-demethylase, testosterone 7α-and 6β-hydroxylase activities which exhibited no correlation with the imprinting status of the animals.We have prepared antisera from rabbits using the partially purified cytochrome P-450 preparations from adult male rats as antigens. These antisera inhibited microsomal testosterone 16α- and 7α-hydroxylase activities in a concentration-dependent manner, without impairing 6β-hydroxylase activity. These data suggest that the partially purified cytochrome P-450 from adult male rats consists of both imprintable (16α-) and nonimprintable (7α-) testosterone hydroxylase activities. The antisera formed immunoprecipitant lines in the Ouchterlony double diffusion plates with partially purified cytochrome P-450 from both neonatally imprinted and nonimprinted adult rats. The immunoprecipitant lines, as stained by coomassie blue, suggest the homology of the cytochrome P-450 preparations from neonatally imprinted and nonimprinted rats. Immunoabsorption of the antisera against neonatally nonimprinted, partially purified cytochrome P-450 completely removed the immunoprecipitant lines without appreciably impairing the inhibitory effects of antisera on the microsomal testosterone 16α-and 7α-hydroxylase activities. In contrast, immunoabsorption of the antisera against partially purified cytochrome P-450 from adult male rats (imprinted) abolished completely both the immunoprecipitant lines and the inhibition on microsomal testosterone hydroxylation reaction (16α and 7α). The inhibitory actin of antisera on testosterone hydroxyulation was also abolished upon boiling the antisera at 100°C for 5 minutes.The biochemical and immunochemical data in this study suggest that the neonatally imprintable form or forms of hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450 accounts for a small fraction of the bulk of total cytochrome P-450. However, the existence of this form of cytochrome P-450 is regulated by gonadal hormones during the neonatal period and accounts for the major imprintable sex difference in drug and steroid metabolism in adulthood.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsscb.1981.380150210
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  • 180
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    Subcellular structures involved in internalization and degradation of epidermal growth factor (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure and Cellular Biochemistry 15 (1981), S. 235-251 
    Details
    ISSN: 0275-3723
    Keywords: EGF ; coated vesicles ; internalization ; lysosomes ; NH4C1 ; hormone degradation ; Chemistry ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF), a small polypeptide which acts as a mitogen for many cell types, has previously been shown to bind to a specific plasma membrane receptor on 3T3 cells. If 125I-EGF is bound to 3T3 cells for one hour at 4°C, it remains predominantly associated with the plasma membrane-containing fractions obtained by subjecting cell supernatants to equilibrium sedimentation on sucrose gradients. When binding is followed by a 10-minute incubation at 37°C, over 50% of the 125I-EGF is associated with two internal membrane-containing peaks having higher densities than the plasma membrane. After one hour at 37°C, over 80% of the 125I-EGF is degraded and removed from the cells.The most rapidly labeled internal peak corresponds in density to brain-coated vesicles (CVs). Antiserum prepared against coated vehicles from brain precipitates the 125I-EGF in this peak. In addition, CVs containing 125I-EGF can be co-purified from 3T3 cells exposed to 125I-EGF, using brain as a carrier. Several lines of evidence suggest that the other 125I-EGF-labeled intracellular peak is 125I-EGF in lysosomes.These results provide kinetic and biochemical evidence for a unidirectional pathway for EGF catabolism by 3T3 cells. EGF first binds to the plasma membrane bound receptors, is then moved to the cytoplasm in CVs, and finally appears in lysosomes, where it is degraded and released from the cells. Ten-millimolar NH4Cl blocks lysosomal hydrolysis of EGF almost completely. Subsequently, EGF internalization is inhibited. This finding suggests that the pathway for EGF internalization and degradation is tightly coupled.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsscb.1981.380150304
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    Transforming growth factors (TGFs): Properties and possible mechanisms of action (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure and Cellular Biochemistry 15 (1981), S. 287-301 
    Details
    ISSN: 0275-3723
    Keywords: transforming growth factor ; sarcoma growth factor ; epidermal growth factor ; membrane receptor ; tumor promoter ; retinoid ; growth factors ; transformation ; Chemistry ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Transforming growth factors (TGFs) are growth-promoting polypeptides that cause phenotypic transformation and anchorage-independent growth of normal cells. They have been isolated from several human and animal carcinoma and sarcoma cells. One TGF is sarcoma growth factor (SGF) which is released hy murine sarcoma virus-transformed cells. The TGFs interact with epidermal growth factor (EGF) cell membrane receptors. TGFs are not detectable in culture fluids from cells which contain high numbers of free EGF cell membrane receptors. SGF acts as a tumor promoter in cell culture systems and its effect on the transformed phenotype is blocked by retinoids (vitamin A and synthetic analogs). The production of TGFs by transformed cells and the responses of normal cells to the addition of TGFs to the culture medium raise the possibility that cells “autostimulate” their own growth by releasing factors that rebind at the cell surface. The term “autocrine secretion” has been proposed for this type of situation where a cell secretes a hormone-like substance for which it has external cell membrane receptors. The autocrine concept may provide a partial explanation for some aspects of tumor cell progression.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsscb.1981.380150306
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  • 182
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    Monoclonal antibody (M2) to glial and neuronal cell surfaces (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure and Cellular Biochemistry 15 (1981), S. 335-346 
    Details
    ISSN: 0275-3723
    Keywords: cell surface antigen ; cerebellum ; development ; mouse ; indirect immunofluorescence ; Chemistry ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: A monoclonal antibody designated M2 arose from the fusion of mouse myeloma cells with splenocytes from a rat immunized with particulate fraction from early postnatal mouse cerebellum. Expression of M2 antigen was examined by indirect immunofluorescence on frozen sections of developing and adult mouse cerebellum and on monolayer cultures of early postnatal mouse cerebellar cells. In adult cerebellum, M2 staining outlines the cell bodies of granule and Purkinje cells. A weaker, more diffuse staining is seen in the molecular layer and white matter. In sections of newborn cerebellum, M2 antigen is weakly detectable surrounding cells of the external granular layer and Purkinje cells. The expression of M2 antigen increases during development in both cell types, reaching adult levels by postnatal day 14. At all stages of postnatal cerebellar development, granule cells that have completed migration to the internal granule layer are more heavily stained by M2 antibodies than are those before and in process of migration. In monolayer cultures, M2 antigen is detected on the cell surface Of all GFA protein-positive astrocytes and on more immature oligodendrocytes, that express 04 antigen but not 01 antigen. After 3 days in culture, tetanus toxinpositive neurons begin to express M2 antigen. The same delayed expression of M2 antigen on neurons is observed in cultures derived from mice ranging in age from postnatal day 0 to 10.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsscb.1981.380150404
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  • 183
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    Sulfated glycoproteins and extracellular matrix of cultured human pulmonary endothelial cells (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure and Cellular Biochemistry 15 (1981), S. 359-367 
    Details
    ISSN: 0275-3723
    Keywords: sulfated glycoconjugates ; endothelial cell ; Chemistry ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Endothelial cells derived from human pulmonary arteries incorporate (3H)-glucosamine and 35SO4 into glycosaminoglycans and into the carbohydrate side chains of glycoproteins. These 3H/35S-carbohydrate chains were isolated from cells and culture medium after Pronase digestion. The 3H/35S-glycosaminoglycans were separated from the 3H/35S glycopeptides by chromatography on Sephadex G-50. The distribution of cellular glycosaminoglycans and glycopeptides indicated that 30-60% of the cellular 35S-glycopeptides may be associated with the matrix components that are synthesized by the cell and attached to a plastic substratum. Human pulmonary arterial endothelial cells were grown on collagen or on a matrix derived from vascular smooth muscle cells in order to investigate how smooth muscle cell extracellular matrix components may regulate the synthesis of endothelial cell glycoconjugates. Endothelial cells grown on plastic release various proportions of the glycoconjugates they synthesize into the culture medium. However, these same cells, when grown on substratum composed of extracellular matrix materials, synthesized altered proportions of cell-associated glycosaminoglycans and reduced the levels of total glycosaminoglycans they released into the culture medium. Thus the growth of endothelial cells on a matrix of smooth muscle cell components indicates that the glycosaminoglycan materials released into the culture medium by cells grown on a plastic substratum may not be an accurate reflection of the levels or composition of extracellular matrix materials made by endothelial cells in vivo.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsscb.1981.380150406
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  • 184
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    Masthead (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure and Cellular Biochemistry 16 (1981) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0275-3723
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsscb.1981.380160101
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  • 185
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    Specific reversal of cytolytic T lymphocyte - target cell interaction (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure and Cellular Biochemistry 16 (1981), S. 43-52 
    Details
    ISSN: 0275-3723
    Keywords: cell recognition ; reversal of cell interaction ; target cell interaction ; cytolytic T lymphocytes ; H-2 recognition ; reversal ; cell adhesion ; Chemistry ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: A functional assay is described that measures the reversal of specific cytolytic T cell (CTL)-target cell binding. Binding of 51Cr-labeled P815 cells was stable in suspension but could be readily reversed by the addition of unlabeled P815 cells. The reversal of CTL-tumor cell and CTL-spleen cell binding was H-2 specific; only cells of the same H-2 type as the bound target cell could induce reversal. In all cases, tumor cells were substantially more efficient than spleen cells in inducing specific reversal.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsscb.1981.380160105
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  • 186
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    Expression of glial antigens C1 and M1 in developing and adult neurologically mutant mice (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure and Cellular Biochemistry 16 (1981), S. 53-74 
    Details
    ISSN: 0275-3723
    Keywords: development ; neurological mouse mutants ; cerebellum ; glial antigens ; monoclonal antibodies ; Chemistry ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: The distribution of two glial antigens (C1 and M1) has been studied by indi-rect immunofluorescence during postnatal development of the cerebella of normal and neurologically mutant mice (weaver, staggerer, reeler, Purkinje cell degeneration, and wobbler). During the first postnatal week of normal development, C1 antigen is expressed in ependyma, Bergmann glial fibers (BG), and astrocytes of the internal granular layer and white matter. After day 10, C1 antigen is restricted to BG and ependymal cells. During the sec-ond and third week, BG undergo a transient loss of C1 antigen that starts in medioventral areas and spreads in a gradient dorsally and laterally.In reeler, weaver, and staggerer, C1 antigen expression is normal during the first postnatal week, and subsides in BG in a similar spatial gra- dient as described for the normal littermates. However, the loss of C1 anti-gen in BG occurs earlier (first in reeler, then in weaver, and last in staggerer) and is not reversible as it is in normal mice. In Purkinje cell de-generation, C1 antigen expression is diminished in BG after the onset of be-havioral abnormalities. Wobbler is normal with respect to C1 antigen ex-pression at adult ages.M1 antigen is detectable in white matter astrocytes from postnatal day 7 on, and persists in these cells into adulthood. Astrocytes of the internal granular layer and BG express M1 antigen only transiently in normal mice during the second and third weeks. The appearance of M1 antigen in BG occurs in a spatiotemporal gradient, matching the one in which C1 antigen disappears. M1 antigen expression is abnormally maintained in BG of reeler, staggerer, and weaver. In Purkinje cell degeneration, M1 antigen is ex-pressed abnormally at the onset of behavioral abnormalities first in.astro-cytes of the internal granular layer and, with growing age, increasingly also in BG. In wobbler, BG do not express M1 antigen. However, astrocytes of the granular layer are abnormally M1 antigen-positive.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsscb.1981.380160106
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    Masthead (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure and Cellular Biochemistry 16 (1981) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0275-3723
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsscb.1981.380160201
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    Lymphocyte recognition of H-2 antigen in liposomes (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure and Cellular Biochemistry 16 (1981), S. 121-131 
    Details
    ISSN: 0275-3723
    Keywords: H-2 antigen ; liposomes ; plasma membrane matrix ; cytolytic T lymphocytes ; cell-liposome interaction ; H-2 recognition ; Chemistry ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Liposomes containing purified H-2Kk will specifically stimulate generation of a secondary allogeneic cytolytic T lymphocyte response. Effective recognition was found to depend on the structure of the liposomes. Including detergent-insoluble plasma membrane matrix during formation resulted in liposomes having two- to fourfold more activity than those prepared using just lipid and H-2.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsscb.1981.380160203
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    I-A Mutation resulted in a selective loss of an antigen-specific Ir gene function (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure and Cellular Biochemistry 16 (1981), S. 115-120 
    Details
    ISSN: 0275-3723
    Keywords: insulin ; T cell proliferation ; Ia molecules ; Chemistry ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: The immune responses to several antigens were compared in the I-A mutant mouse strain B6.C-H-2bm12 and the wild-type strain C57BL/6. With a lymph node cell proliferation assay, the response to two of these antigens, beef insulin and (TG)A-L, was demonstrated to be controlled by a gene in the I-Ab region. B6.C-H-2bm12 mice failed to respond to beef insulin, while their responses to (TG)A-L, DNP-OVA and PPD were comparable with those of the wild-type strain C57BL/6. Taken together with previous studies, these data suggest that the product of a single pleiotropic I-A gene, an la molecule, functions as a histocompatibility, la, and MLR antigen, as well as a necessary component for Ir gene function. Furthermore, the data reported here demonstrate that la molecules have multiple functional “Ir determinants,” one of which has been altered in the B6.C-H-2bm12 mutant. The B6.C-H-2bm12 mice, therefore, represent a powerful analytical tool for the understanding of the cellular and molecular basis for Ir gene control of the immune response.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsscb.1981.380160202
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  • 190
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    Tannic acid-glutaraldehyde fixation reveals calcium ionophore-induced changes in rabbit polymorphonuclear leukocyte membranes (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure and Cellular Biochemistry 16 (1981), S. 155-165 
    Details
    ISSN: 0275-3723
    Keywords: polymorphonuclear leukocyte ; rabbit ; tannic acid-glutaraldehyde ; ionophore ; A23187 ; degranulation ; membrane fine structure ; Chemistry ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: TAG fixation of normal and Ca2+ ionophore-treated rabbit polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) has revealed membrane components not apparent with conventional glutaraldehyde fixation. These included a 30 Å external electron-dense coating on untreated cells. A somewhat thicker coat (40 Å) was observed in ionophore-treated, nondegranulating PMN. In ionophore-treated, degranulating PMN, a 65 Å cell membrane coat was observed. A similar coat was observed on the inner side of the membrane of some azurophil-type granules, but the electron density and thickness were not so pronounced. Cytoplasmic granules were often closely apposed and often protruded outward at the plasma membrane. Extracellular lamellae, sometimes stacked apposed to the plasma membrane, possibly represent remnants of intense granule extrusion. Sequential degranulation of the respective granules was not apparent.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsscb.1981.380160206
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  • 191
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    Masthead (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure and Cellular Biochemistry 16 (1981) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0275-3723
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsscb.1981.380160301
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  • 192
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    The dynamic state of liver gap junctions (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure and Cellular Biochemistry 16 (1981), S. 221-232 
    Details
    ISSN: 0275-3723
    Keywords: gap junctions ; protein turnover ; junction synthesis ; junction degradation ; liver ; regenerating liver ; Chemistry ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: By the use of a simple, rapid method for the isolation of gap junctions from small amounts of rat liver (2-3 g), we have followed the incorporation of the radiolabeled amino acid precursors 3H-leucine and 35S-methionine into the gap junction protein. In timed studies with 35S-methionine as precursor, the specific activity in the protein is maximal by 4 h after a single injection of 300 μCi/100 g body weight. From the decay in the specific activity with time after a single injection, the gap junction protein has an apparent half-life of about 19 h. Because of problems of reutilization of radiolabeled amino acid with 35S-methionine as precursor, this apparent halflife probably overestimates the true half-life and indicates a surprisingly rapid turnover of the gap junction protein. This short half-life suggests that, in rat liver, the gap junctions may be very responsive to alterations in physiological demands.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsscb.1981.380160303
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  • 193
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    Monoclonal antibody covalently coupled to liposomes: Specific targeting to cells (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure and Cellular Biochemistry 16 (1981), S. 243-258 
    Details
    ISSN: 0275-3723
    Keywords: liposomes ; liposome-protein coupling ; fluorescence ; monoclonal antibody ; cell surface antigens ; Chemistry ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: We have evaluated optimal conditions for coupling monoclonal antibody to small unilamellar lipisomes. Coupling of an IgG2a monoclonal anti-β2-microglobulin antibody, which reacts with human cells, was examined in detail. Liposomes were composed of dipalmitoyl lecithin and cholesterol, and variable quantities of phosphatidylethanolamine substituted with the heterobifunctional cross-linking reagent N-hydroxysuccinimidyl 3-(2-pyridyldithio) propionate (SPDP). They were reacted with antibody derivatized with the same reagent at a 5- to 20-fold molar excess, and activated by mild reduction. This degree of SPDP modification had no effect on the capacity of the antibody to bind to its target antigen. More than 40% of antibody could be reproducibly bound to liposomes, resulting in the coupling of from 1 to 10 antibody molecules per liposome (mean diameter.580 Å). The coupling reaction did not lead to loss of carboxyfluorescein encapsulated within liposomes. At least 80% of liposomes carried nondenatured antibody, as confirmed by precipitation of liposomes and encapsulated carboxyfluorescein by Staphylococcus aureus, strain Cowan I. The liposome-coupled antibody retained its immunological specificity: only cells expressing human β2-microglobulin bound liposomes in vitro, and the binding was inhibited by the free antibody in solution. Results with antibodies of different antigenic specificity confirm that the technique can be generally applied.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsscb.1981.380160305
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  • 194
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    Effects of nicotinamide on NAD and poly (ADP-ribose) metabolism in DNA-damaged human lymphocytes (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure and Cellular Biochemistry 16 (1981), S. 281-288 
    Details
    ISSN: 0275-3723
    Keywords: DNA repair synthesis ; normal human lymphocytes ; nicotinamide ; nicotinamide adenine dinuclcotide (NAD) ; ornithine decarboxylase ; poly(ADP-ribose) ; Chemistry ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: The effect of nicotinamide on unscheduled DNA synthesis was studied in resting human lymphocytes. In cells treated with UV irradiation or with MNNG, nicotinamide caused a two-fold stimulation of unscheduled DNA synthesis and retarded the rate of NAD+ lowering caused by these treatments. Nicotinamide also reduced the burst of poly(ADP-ribose) synthesis caused by MNNG treat-ment. Thus under conditions that it enhances unscheduled DNA synthesis, nicotinamide causes marked effects on the metabolism of NAD+ and poly(ADP-ribose). The effect of nicotinamide on unscheduled DNA synthesis was shown to be independent of protein or polyamine synthesis.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsscb.1981.380160308
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  • 195
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    Electronic Resource
    Double-strand breaks in DNA caused by repair of damage due to ultraviolet light (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure and Cellular Biochemistry 16 (1981), S. 337-343 
    Details
    ISSN: 0275-3723
    Keywords: neutral filter elution ; human cells ; carcinogenesis ; excision repair ; DNA ; double-strand breaks ; S1 nuclease ; Chemistry ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: DNA DSBs are formed in normal human IMR-90 cells during repair incubation after 100 and 300 J·m-2 of UVL. By contrast, no DSBs are formed after UVL in human XPA cells that are unable to excise pyrimidine dimers. The DSBs are not due to immediate cell death since all the cells excluded trypan blue at the time of assay and because XPA cells, which are much more UVL-sensitive than IMR-90, did not form DSBs after UVL. We suggest that these repair-induced DSBs should be potent lesions that might lead to cytotoxicity, chromosome aberrations, deletion mutations, and perhaps cellular transformation, transformation.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsscb.1981.380160404
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  • 196
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    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure and Cellular Biochemistry 17 (1981) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0275-3723
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsscb.380170101
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  • 197
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    Macrophages and methylthio groups in lymphocyte proliferation (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure and Cellular Biochemistry 17 (1981), S. 11-25 
    Details
    ISSN: 0275-3723
    Keywords: sulfhydryl compounds ; Methylthio groups ; macrophages ; serum growth factors ; methylthioadenosine ; Chemistry ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Macrophages are shown to replace methylthio disulfides in supporting in vitro proliferation of three cell lines previously characterized as methylthio-dependent. Macrophages have the capacity to generate methylthio groups from methylthioadenosine. It is hypothesized that macrophages stimulate cell proliferation both in normal immune systems and in certain cancers by providing an abundance of methylthio groups. Fetal calf serum is shown to contain methylthio groups. It appears that, in cell cultures containing fetal calf serum, sulfhydryl compounds stimulate cell proliferation by making the methylthio groups in the serum available to the cells.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsscb.380170103
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  • 198
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Association dynamics and lateral transport in biological membranes (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure and Cellular Biochemistry 17 (1981), S. 61-67 
    Details
    ISSN: 0275-3723
    Keywords: diffusion ; fluorescence photobleaching ; interactions with cytoskeleton ; Chemistry ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: A theoretical analysis is presented for the interrelated effects of lateral diffusion and a simple form of molecular association (A + B ⇌ C) in biological membranes. Expressions are derived for the characteristic functions measured in fluorescence redistribution after photobleaching experiments, corresponding to both the Fourier transform analysis of concentration in a plane and the normal mode analysis for a spherical surface. The results are related to the reputed binding of integral membrane proteins to submembranous cytoskeletal elements.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsscb.380170107
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  • 199
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    Unscheduled synthesis of DNA and poly(ADP-ribose) in human fibroblasts following DNA damage (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure and Cellular Biochemistry 17 (1981), S. 87-90 
    Details
    ISSN: 0275-3723
    Keywords: Xeroderma pigmentosum ; poly(ADP-ribose) ; DNA repair ; UV ; N-methy-n′-nitro-N-notrosoguanidine ; Chemistry ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Unscheduled DNA synthesis has been measured in human fibroblasts under conditons of reduced rates of conversion of NAD to poly(ADP-ribose). Cells heterozygous for the xeroderma pigmentosum genotype showed normal rates of UV induced unscheduled DNA synthesis under conditions in which the rate of poly(ADP-ribose) synthesis was one-half the rate of normal cells. The addition of theophylline, a potent inhibitor of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, to the culture medium of normal cells blocked over 90% of the conversion of NAD to poly(ADP-ribose) following treatment with UV or N-methyl-N′-nitro-N-nitro-soguanidine but did not affect the rate of unscheduled DNA synthesis.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsscb.380170110
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  • 200
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure and Cellular Biochemistry 17 (1981) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0275-3723
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsscb.380170201
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