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  • Electronic Resource  (4,094)
  • 2000-2004  (29)
  • 1985-1989  (4,065)
  • Chemical Engineering  (3,542)
  • Genetics  (552)
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  • Electronic Resource  (4,094)
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Year
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  • 101
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A neural network methodology for process fault diagnosis (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 35 (1989), S. 1993-2002 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The ability of knowledge-based expert systems to facilitate the automation of difficult problems in process engineering that require symbolic reasoning and an efficient manipulation of diverse knowledge has generated considerable interest recently. Rapid deployment of these systems, however, has been difficult because of the tedious nature of knowledge acquisition, the inability of the system to learn or dynamically improve its performance, and the unpredictability of the system outside its domain of expertise.This paper proposes a neural-network-based methodology for providing a potential solution to the preceding problems in the area of process fault diagnosis. The potential of this approach is demonstrated with the aid of an oil refinery case study of the fluidized catalytic cracking process. The neural-network-based system successfully diagnoses the faults it is trained upon. It is able to generalize its knowledge to successfully diagnose novel fault combinations it is not explicitly trained upon. Furthermore, the network can also handle incomplete and uncertain data. In addition, this approach is compared with the knowledge-based approach.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690351210
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  • 102
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A simple method for on-line identification and controller tuning (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 35 (1989), S. 2037-2039 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690351215
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  • 103
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diffusivity measurement in calcium alginate gel by holographic interferometry (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 35 (1989), S. 1895-1898 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690351117
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  • 104
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Virial modeling of gas-solid Joule-Thomson effect for argon-carbon aerosol (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 35 (1989), S. 2029-2032 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690351213
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  • 105
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 35 (1989) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690350601
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  • 106
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Controller design for integrating and runaway processes involving time delay (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 35 (1989), S. 923-930 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: This paper presents an efficient method for the design of controllers for integrating and runaway processes. The method is based on model matching in the frequency domain. The presence of open-loop instability as well as pure time delay in the process models make the design task challenging for these classes of processes.The goal is to achieve low-order, easily implementable cascade controllers in a unity-output-feedback configuration. It is shown that the central problem is in the selection of appropriate reference models. Several key constraints are developed which relate a given process model to a class of reference models for achieving total stability. Typical design examples are presented to clearly illustrate the various mathematical techniques.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690350605
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  • 107
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Desorption processes: Supercritical fluid regeneration of activated carbon (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 35 (1989), S. 951-958 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Models are developed for isothermal desorption in a fixed bed of adsorbent particles. While more general models require numerical solution of the governing equations, two practically important cases have analytical solutions: (1) an equilibrium desorption model where the rate of desorption is controlled by external and intraparticle mass transfer; and (2) a kinetic model where external and intraparticle mass transfer and a first-order irreversible desorption step control the overall process.Recent experimental data (Tan and Liou, 1988) for the desorption of ethyl acetate from activated carbon with supercritical carbon dioxide are found to fit the local-equilibrium model. Data for the effect of temperature on fractions desorbed indicate a reversal of the temperature dependence of the adsorption isotherm as the supercritical pressure is increased. This phenomenon is analogous to the observed cross-over region for the effect of temperature on the solubility of a solid at supercritical conditions.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690350608
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  • 108
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plasma deposition of silicon nitride films in a radial-flow reactor (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 35 (1989), S. 995-1002 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Experimental data on silicon nitride film growth have been obtained from a radial-flow, plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition reactor. A nonisothermal mathematical model has been developed consisting of Navier-Stokes, energy, and species balance equations taking into account the temperature dependence of physical properties. The model is predictive at various power input levels for film compositions and growth rates.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690350613
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  • 109
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Simple runaway criteria for cooled reactors (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 35 (1989), S. 1039-1043 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690350618
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  • 110
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diffusion and solid dissolution/precipitation in permeable media (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 35 (1989), S. 1057-1072 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: We have developed an analytical solution which describes mineral zonation caused by diffusion in permeable media. For a semiinfinite domain, the species conservation equations transform into ordinary differential equations that yield a closed-form solution. The solution exhibits shock dissolution/precipitation fronts and gradual (nonshock) precipitation fronts. The solution can exhibit regions (gaps) containing no reactive solids which separate moving dissolution and precipitation fronts. The analysis is, in principle, extendable to include intraaqueous reactions, although the mathematics quickly becomes intractable.Numerical simulation exhibits all of the features of the more restricted analytical solution and is in good agreement with the data on hydroxyapatite dissolution taken by Kim and Cussler (1987).
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690350702
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  • 111
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diffusion limitations in fischer-tropsch catalysts (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 35 (1989), S. 1107-1114 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The extent of diffusion limitations in the catalytic conversion of synthesis gas to hydrocarbons by the Fischer-Tropsch reaction has been established for a number of iron- and cobalt-based catalysts. The studies were performed in a fixed-bed microreactor system at temperatures in the range 473-523 K. Variation of catalyst particle size in the range 0.2-2.6 mm shows that the conversion of synthesis gas decreases considerably when the average particle size is increased. The effects of variation of particle size and pore diameter have been quantified with the Thiele model for diffusion limitations. Evidence has accumulated that the limited mobility of reactant molecules in the liquid-filled pores of Fischer-Tropsch catalysts is the main cause of retardation of the reaction rates. The experimentally determined reaction rates with various catalysts operated under different conditions show an excellent fit with the theoretical model.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690350706
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  • 112
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Wrong-way behavior of packed-bed reactors: Influence of interphase transport (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 35 (1989), S. 1148-1156 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Large transient temperature excursions may be caused by a sudden reduction in the feed temperature to a packed-bed reactor operating at an intermediate conversion. When a unique steady state exists for all feed temperatures, the magnitude of the wrong-way behavior predicted by a two-phase model is very close to that predicted by a pseudohomogeneous model if PeH is equal to the dimensionless heat transfer coefficient H. The two-phase model enables a more efficient numerical simulation in such cases. The predictions of these two models may be rather different when steady-state multiplicity exists for some feed temperatures. In such cases, a two-phase model, which accounts for the axial dispersion of heat, should be used to simulate the transient behavior. The wrong-way behavior may lead to an ignition of a low-temperature state or an upstream propagation of a transient temperature wave.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690350710
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  • 113
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mechanism of particle entrainment in a gas-liquid-solid fluidized bed (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 35 (1989), S. 1195-1198 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690350715
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  • 114
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mixing and solid suspension by up-down agitators in a slab tank (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 35 (1989), S. 1219-1223 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690350722
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  • 115
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 35 (1989) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690350801
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  • 116
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Drop oscillations in liquid-liquid systems (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 35 (1989), S. 1263-1270 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: When the ratio of the drop radius to the distance separating any two drops and the relative importance of gravitational to surface forces are both small, the small amplitude oscillations of a drop of one viscous fluid immersed in another fluid are governed by the nonlinear dispersion relation derived by Miller and Scriven (1968). The dispersion relation has been solved numerically to determine the character of oscillations for arbitrary values of drop size, physical properties of the two fluids, and interfacial tension. The new theoretical results determine the range of validity of the low-viscosity approximation of Miller and Scriven, and are also shown to be essential for proper interpretation of many previously reported experimental results. New experimental measurements of natural frequencies of oscillation of water drops falling in 2-ethyl-1-hexanol, a system having properties characteristic of many others in solvent extraction, agree well with the theoretical predictions when drop radius is smaller than a critical size. The frequencies of oscillations of larger drops are better described by the dispersion relation due to Subramanyam (1969), which accounts for the relative motion of the two phases.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690350805
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  • 117
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Laser-doppler velocimeter measurements in simulated entrained gasifier flows (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 35 (1989), S. 1304-1314 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A laser-Doppler velocimeter (LDV) was used in a cold-flow study of a simulated entrained-flow coal gasifier. The study was designed to provide fundamental information about the flows in such a gasifier and to provide data for the validation of a turbulence submodel used in modeling combustion processes. Measurements in 20 swirling and nonswirling flow cases were made with several levels of replication. This study emphasized the effects of inlet conditions on flow properties within the simulated reactor.Unsteady flow phenomena with time scales on the order of seconds to minutes were sometimes observed. The unsteadiness was apparently associated with relaminarization-type flow transitions.Comparisons were made with model predictions from PCGC-2, a model for combustion processes based on the k,  -  ∊ turbulence model. Several areas of weakness in the model results were observed, but the unusual flow regimes measured in this study may be beyond the abilities of practical computer models.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690350809
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  • 118
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermodynamic modeling of electrolyte precipitation from aqueous solutions (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 35 (1989), S. 1569-1571 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690350921
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  • 119
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 35 (1989) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690351001
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  • 120
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sludge suspension in waste storage tanks (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 35 (1989), S. 1391-1394 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690350820
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  • 121
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetic determination of axial catalyst temperature profiles (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 35 (1989), S. 1428-1436 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A magnetic thermometric method is used to determine cross-sectional average axial catalyst temperature profiles for superparamagnetic neckel catalyst beds during ethane hydrogenolysis, an exothermic reaction. Each solid temperature profile is determined from an axial profile of cross-sectional average magnetization and is represented by a polynomial. In turn, each magnetization profile is determined from voltage data obtained as the bed is moved through an AC permeameter. A Fredholm equation of the first kind, “regularized” using a minimum variance constraint, is inverted to determine the magnetization profile.The determination of the axial temperature profile for a reactor operating at 11.0% conversion is detailed. It provides a good test of the method used. Some limitations of the method are highlighted by attempts to analyze data from a reactor operating at complete conversion. The potential for model parameter estimation is discussed.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690350903
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  • 122
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gas-particle flow in a vertical pipe with particle-particle interactions (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 35 (1989), S. 1473-1486 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A theory is presented for the fully-developed flow of gas and particles in a vertical pipe. The relation between gas pressure gradient and the flow rates of the two phases is predicted, over the whole range of cocurrent and countercurrent flows, together with velocity profiles for both phases and the radial concentration profile for the particles. The gas and the particles interact through a drag force depending on their relative velocity, and there are mutual interactions between pairs of particles through inelastic collisions. This model is shown to account for marked segregation of gas and particles in the radial direction, and the predicted relation between the pressure gradient and the flow rates of the two phases is surprisingly complex.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690350908
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  • 123
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Melt transesterification of dimethyl terephthalate with ethylene glycol (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 35 (1989), S. 1445-1456 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The kinetics of a semibatch melt transesterification of dimethyl terephthalate (DMT) with ethylene glycol (EG) is studied with zinc acetate as a catalyst. This paper quantifies the effect of various reactor operating conditions on the transesterification rate and the product composition distribution. Our experiments support the assumption that the methylesters in DMT and growing oligomer chains have the same reactivities for transesterification with EG and that the reactivity of hydroxyl groups in pure EG for esterification with DMT is twice that of the hydroxyl group in oligomers. With a molecular species model in which various oligomers are identified by the type of functional end groups, the progress of the transesterification and the oligomer concentration distribution were estimated and the agreement between the model predictions and the experimental data were excellent. It has also been shown that 30 wt. % of oligomers are produced for [EG]/[DMT] molar ratio of three, and up to 70 wt. % oligomers are produced at the [EG]/[DMT] molar ratio of one.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690350905
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  • 124
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Absorption of hydrogen sulfide in ammoniacal solution of zinc chloride (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 35 (1989), S. 1547-1550 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690350916
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  • 125
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Wetting of polymeric adsorbents and its effect on adsorption (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 35 (1989), S. 1559-1563 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690350919
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  • 126
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Letters to the editor (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 35 (1989), S. 1575-1582 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690350923
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  • 127
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 35 (1989) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690351101
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  • 128
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aggregation kinetics in salt-induced protein precipitation (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 35 (1989), S. 1779-1790 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The kinetics of protein aggregation in salt-induced precipitation processes were studied as a function of salt type, salt concentration, temperature and protein concentration. α-chymotrypsin (αCT) was used as a model protein. Stopped-flow turbidimetry was used to monitor the progress of precipitations. Analysis of the linear portions of the turbidity trajectories indicates that temperature and salt concentration effects are related to protein solubility; the protein concentration dependence is well described by the Smoluchowski collision equation. The aggregation kinetics of partially-inhibited αCT exhibit poisoning behavior, underscoring the importance of dimerization and monomer addition in the precipitation of αCT. Solute particle radius distributions determined via dynamic laser light scattering for low salt and supernatant αCT solutions indicated that significant aggregation does not occur in the absence of supersaturation. A detailed population balance model was proposed that accounted for specific and nonspecific interactions and monomer addition. The model is expected to find general application to protein aggregation phenomena, in particular for proteins that have specific quaternary interactions.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690351104
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  • 129
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The critical properties of n-alkanes using a low-residence time flow apparatus (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 35 (1989), S. 1829-1834 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A low residence time flow method for the measurement of the critical temperatures and pressures of thermally-unstable fluids was developed in this work. The low residence time at elevated temperatures minimizes decomposition and other reactions, making it possible to measure the critical properties of many unstable fluids. An extrapolation procedure was developed to obtain the critical properties of rapidly reacting substances, based on the linear behavior of the apparent critical property with residence time. The measured critical properties of 14 n-alkanes (pentane through octadecane) using this method are reported in this paper. The results extend the available data on the critical properties of the higher alkanes and reveal a possible error in the literature value for the critical pressure of tetradecane.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690351109
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    An extended horizon feedback/feedforward self-tuning controller (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 35 (1989), S. 1835-1844 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A feedforward/feedback version of a single input/single output self-tuning controller has been developed and tested both via simulation studies and experiments on a section of an absorption/desorption pilot plant. The algorithm is based on the recursive least squares estimation of parameters for the linear models relating the output to the controlled input and to the disturbances; adaptation is achieved using a variable forgetting factor. The control input at each time interval is calculated using one of several single-step extended-horizon control strategies.The results show that the performance of the algorithm is insensitive to the choice of initial parameters, all of which have a readily identifiable intuitive basis. The algorithm is especially robust against deterministic disturbances (measurable and unmeasurable) and unknown and varying time delays. Computational load beyond that of a feedback-only version is minimal.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690351110
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  • 131
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    Adsorption of gaseous ethylamine on H-form strong-acid ion exchangers (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 35 (1989), S. 1869-1875 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Equilibrium isotherms and kinetic data for sorption of ethylamine on two different H-form ion exchangers (a homogeneous gel type and a biporous MR type) have been determined experimentally by the gravimetric method. The gaseous amine is adsorbed on the dry resins according to an acid-base neutralization reaction, and the saturation capacity coincides with the exchange capacity of the resin. For the gel-type resin, the equilibrium is less favorable and the isotherm is almost linear over the experimental range.The kinetic data also reflect the structural difference between the two adsorbents. In the MR-type resin, the sorption rate is controlled by macropore diffusion with rapid equilibration of the adsorbed phase within the microparticles. Since the equilibrium isotherm is highly favorable, approaching the irreversible limit, the uptake curves are well represented by the ‘shrinking core’ model. Diffusion in the gel-type resin is much slower and the pore diffusivities are smaller by several orders of magnitude, presumably reflecting the smaller effective pore diameter.These results suggest that the MR-type resin is a potentially useful adsorbent for removal of traces of light amines from industrial gases.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690351113
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  • 132
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    An optimal design technique for multivariable SISO controllers (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 35 (1989), S. 1903-1906 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690351119
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  • 133
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    Constitutive equations for polymer melts and solutions, by R. G. Larson, Butterworths, Boston, 1988, 364 pp., $39.95 (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 35 (1989), S. 1915-1916 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690351122
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  • 134
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    Lumping nonlinear kinetics in a CSTR (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 35 (1989), S. 1927-1932 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The model of uniform nonlinear kinetics recently developed for the continuous description of a multicomponent mixture reacting in a batch or plug flow reactor (Astarita, 1989) is applied to the analysis of a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR). It is shown that most of the equations can be solved in general, independently of the specific kinetic mechanism. Some specific mechanisms are discussed. The difference between the behavior in a plug flow reactor (PFR) and a CSTR turns out to be quite dissimilar from what one would expect by considering the single-component case.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690351203
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  • 135
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    The pressure field in an unsteady-state fluidized bed (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 35 (1989), S. 1921-1926 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: An assumption commonly, but by no means universally, made in the stability analysis of the homogeneously fluidized state is that the pressure field may be well approximated by its gravitational component alone. This assumption is critically examined: the results indicate that it is valid for most cases of practical interest but can lead to significant discrepancies for liquid fluidization of low-density particles.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690351202
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  • 136
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    Gas diffusion in random-fiber substrates (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 35 (1989), S. 1942-1952 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A Monte Carlo (MC) technique involving explicit calculation of molecular trajectories in fibrous media is used to obtain effective transport coefficients in the Knudsen regime of gas diffusion. A fully penetrable cylinders (FPC) model is used to represent a fibrous substrate during the course of densification, as in composite fabrication processes such as chemical vapor infiltration (CVI). The calculated Knudsen permeabilities are in excellent agreement with available data. Accessible porosities are computed as a function of total porosity and are shown to depend on the fiber number density. The nonfiber phase is shown to percolate at φ ≈ 0.095, but the threshold is sensitive to the boundary conditions employed.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690351205
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  • 137
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    Combustion of fuel-water slurries injected in a fluidized bed (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 35 (1989), S. 2040-2042 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690351216
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  • 138
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    Axial dispersion of submicron particles in capillary hydrodynamic fractionation (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 35 (1989), S. 1351-1364 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: In the present investigation, Taylor's analysis of the axial dispersion of a solute in a Newtonian fluid undergoing laminar flow through a circular tube was applied to dispersions of colloidal particles, in which effects of size exclusion, inertial and colloidal forces, and wall retardation must be considered. The results indicate that the product of the particle Reynolds and Peclet numbers determines the importance of the inertial forces on both the effective axial diffusion coefficient and the height of a theoretical plate.The height of a theoretical plate as a function of the eluant ionic strength and average velocity, particle diameter, and tube diameter was determined experimentally. Close agreement with the numerical calculations from the diffusion equation was obtained. The height of a theoretical plate was found to attain a maximum value when the product of Reynolds and Peclet numbers was approximately 10.5.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690350814
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  • 139
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    Model for precipitation and dissolution processes with precipitate migration (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 35 (1989), S. 1385-1390 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690350819
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    Effective writing for engineers, managers, scientists. By H. J. Tichy with Sylvia Fourdrinier, 2nd Ed., John Wiley & Sons, 1988 (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 35 (1989), S. 1402-1403 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690350824
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  • 141
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    Thin liquid films: Fundamentals and applications. I. B. Ivanov, Ed., Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, 1988, 1160 pp., $195.00 (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 35 (1989), S. 1403-1404 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690350825
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  • 142
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    Phase equilibria for supercritical fluid process design (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 35 (1989), S. 1409-1427 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Supercritical fluids (SCF's) are powerful solvents with many unique properties. They have great potential for many extraction processes, but reliable and versatile mathematical models of the phase equilibrium thermodynamics are needed for their use in process design and economic feasibility studies. This paper reviews existing experimental data and analytical methods and attempts to delineate their strengths and limitations. Also discussed are new data needs and possible new directions for a better fundamental understanding of the molecular processes in SCF solutions.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690350902
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  • 143
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    Bifurcation analysis in heterogeneous azeotropic distillation (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 35 (1989), S. 1457-1464 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Parameterization with respect to the aqueous reflux ratio has been carried out for the steady-state analysis of a tower to dehydrate secbutanol using disecondary butyl ether as the entrainer. With an equilibrium-stage model, singularities are observed as the second liquid phase is introduced on the trays and regions of steady-state multiplicity are demonstrated. Furthermore, a critical aqueous reflux ratio, in the vicinity of which two liquid phases are introduced on most of the trays, varies only slightly with the number of trays in the tower. The model predicts that the product purities and recoveries remain high using one-third of the trays in the industrial SBA-II tower. Bifurcation analysis for a single stage does not explain these observations, and the effect of recycle is suspected.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690350906
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  • 144
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    A phenomenological correction to an equation of state for the critical region (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 35 (1989), S. 1487-1496 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: This work presents a phenomenological correction to improve a classical equation of state for representing phase equilibria and densities in the vapor-liquid critical region. This correction consists of two steps. The first step is a volume translation which locates the correct critical point; this volume translation also improves density predictions for pure fluids and mixtures. The second step provides a near-critical contribution to the residual Helmholtz energy which accounts for aomalous behavior near the critical point. For pure fluids, the near-critical contribution flattens the coexistence curve and pressure-density isotherms near the critical point. For mixtures, the near-critical contribution has only a small effect on the calculated coexistence curve; this effect is often masked by the choice of binary parameters in the classical equation which have a more profound effect on the calculated results.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690350909
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  • 145
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    Single-component mass transfer in a cosurfactant-water-surfactant system (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 35 (1989), S. 1678-1684 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A mass transfer system has been designed to allow transport of only one component and over small changes in concentration. One of the phases was always lamellar liquid crystals, the other was micellar or its inverse structure. It can be argued that the kinetics of phase transformation at the interphase would be important in such systems; in fact, the measurements of individual phase volumes show overshoots that are not explained by classical mass transfer mechanisms. It is suggested that the intermediate structures that are formed during transport are not thermodynamically favored, and consequently the condition of local equilibrium does not hold. Using developments for such systems in diffusion in polymers, the breakdown of local equilibrium has been shown to be adequate in explaining the observations qualitatively. A parallel development for adsorption has not been undertaken.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690351012
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  • 146
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    Axial distribution of solid holdup in bubble column for gas-liquid-solid systems (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 35 (1989), S. 1701-1709 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The axial distribution of solid holdup was investigated in a bubble column of 0.07 m in diameter and 4.25 m in height. The particle phase was glass beads of diameter 66, 118, 243, 465 or 1,300 μm. The effective slip velocity and the axial dispersion coefficient of the solid particles were evaluated in batch operation without solids feed and were correlated on the basis of mixing length theory. The equations obtained were applied to analyze axial profiles of particle concentration with a continuous feed of solids, and experimental data in the literature were simulated successfully over a wide range of solid concentration.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690351015
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  • 147
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    Effective diffusivity by pulse gas chromatography at elevated pressures (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 35 (1989), S. 1728-1734 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Pulse gas chromatography experiments at ambient pressure are often limited by an overwhelming contribution of axial dispersion to the observed variance and the inability to obtain a quantitative correction for this factor. Theoretically, the axial dispersion contribution can be reduced and at the same time the contribution due to particle diffusion can be enhanced by operating at elevated pressures. Our experiments on methane/helium diffusion in 0.32-cm-diameter commercial catalyst particles confirm this, and a new means of accounting for axial dispersion is demonstrated.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690351018
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  • 148
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    The growth, dissolution and aging of terephthalic acid crystals (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 35 (1989), S. 1749-1752 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690351023
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  • 149
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    Hindered transport of spherical macromolecules in fibrous membranes and gels (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 35 (1989), S. 1761-1769 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Methods are described for calculating the effects of hydrodynamic interactions on the hindered transport of solid spherical macromolecules in ordered or disordered fibrous media. These methods are applied to a medium made up of a square lattice of straight, bead-and-string-type fibers. Hydraulic permeabilities and coefficients governing hindered diffusion and convection are obtained from a detailed hydrodynamic model, and the hindered transport coefficients are shown to be in very good agreement with an effective medium approach based on Brinkman's equation. The use of Brinkman's equation for the calculation of hindered transport rates in fibrous membranes and gels is validated further by comparing with experimental data from the literature.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690351102
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  • 150
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    Incipient fault diagnosis of chemical processes via artificial neural networks (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 35 (1989), S. 1803-1812 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Artificial neural networks have capacity to learn and store information about process faults via associative memory, and thus have an associative diagnostic ability with respect to faults that occur in a process. Knowledge of the faults to be learned by the network evolves from sets of data, namely values of steady-state process variables collected under normal operating condition and those collected under faulty conditions, together with information about the degree of the faults and their causes.Here, we describe how to apply artificial neural networks to fault diagnosis. A suitable two-stage multilayer neural network is proposed as the network to be used for diagnosis. The first stage of the network discriminates between the causes of faults when fed the noisy process measurements. Once the fault is identified, the second stage of the network estimates the degree of the fault. Thus, the diagnosis of incipient faults becomes possible.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690351106
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  • 151
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    Modeling phenol degradation in a fluidized-bed bioreactor (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 35 (1989), S. 1980-1992 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A study was made of phenol degradation by bacteria immobilized onto particles of calcined diatomaceous earth in a draft-tube, three-phase fluidized-bed reactor.A mathematical model is used to describe simultaneous diffusion and reaction of oxygen and phenol in the reactor. Kinetic parameters for the growth of nonsupported cells were obtained in batch and chemostat experiments. Liquid-solid mass transfer coefficients were determined experimentally and showed good agreement with literature values for conventional three-phase fluidized beds. Experimental steady-state degradation data were used to calculate biofilm substrate diffusivities. These were found to decrease as the biofilm density increased.The transition from phenol to oxygen-limiting biofilm kinetics predicted by the model was shown to exist experimentally. A critical ratio of phenol/dissolved oxygen concentration was found at which this transition occurred. This provides a criterion for establishing whether increased aeration will increase the volumetric degradation rate.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690351209
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  • 152
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    The 2C and 3C controllers: Multirate single-loop digital logic (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 35 (1989), S. 2043-2047 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690351217
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  • 153
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    Test of maximum power for detection of gross errors in process constraints (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 35 (1989), S. 869-872 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690350521
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  • 154
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    Handbook of reactive chemical hazards. 3rd ed., L. Bretherick, Butterworths, London, 1985, 1852 pp., $99.95 (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 35 (1989), S. 875-875 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690350524
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  • 155
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    Precipitation of microsize organic particles from supercritical fluids (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 35 (1989), S. 1876-1882 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The precipitation of organic particles from supercritical fluids (SF) by expansion (SFX) has become an interesting alternative to milling without thermal decomposition. Through the rapid expansion process, a dramatic change of the solute supersaturation ratio is created causing subsequent precipitation with a narrow particle-size distribution. It was found that β-carotene precipitates from SF ethylene and ethane have the feed material crystallinity. However, SF CO2 reacted with β-carotene and did not give characteristic β-carotene X-ray spectra. The mean particle sizes of these precipitates were in the submicron range (ca 0.3 μm). Increased solubility was obtained by addition of toluene as cosolvent in SF ethylene. It was found that the mean size of β-carotene particles, generally remained unchanged if the toluene concentration was less than 11/2 mol %. The SFX process appears to be in a single fluid phase when up to 11/2 mol % toluene cosolvent is used.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690351114
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  • 156
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    A comparison of three closed-loop PID tuning algorithms (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 35 (1989), S. 1912-1914 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690351121
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  • 157
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    Effects of raffinose on sucrose crystal growth kinetics and rate dispersion (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 35 (1989), S. 2053-2057 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690351219
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  • 158
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    Methane steam reforming: II. Diffusional limitations and reactor simulation (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 35 (1989), S. 97-103 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Given the intrinsic kinetics, the tortuosity factor of a Ni/MgAl2O4 catalyst was determined under reaction conditions by minimizing the sum of squares of residuals of the experimental and the simulated conversions. The parallel cross-linked pore model with uncorrelated pore size distribution and orientation was used in the calculation of the effective diffusivities. A modified collocation method was used to obtain the partial pressure profiles of the reacting components in the catalyst pellet. The simulation of the experimental reactor during the optimization of the tortuosity factor also yielded the effectiveness factors of the reactions. The results of the simulation of an industrial steam reformer are also discussed.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690350110
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  • 159
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    Experimental study of particle to gas heat transfer in fixed-bed reactors (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 35 (1989), S. 104-108 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Particle to gas heat transfer studies were carried out for the exothermic benzene hydrogenation and endothermic cyclohexane dehydrogenation reactions on the same catalyst bed. A recirculation type reactor and eggshell type commercial platinum on alumina catalyst were used. When the thermodynamic value for the heat of reaction is used for both reactions in the steady-state energy balance, local JH factors for the exothermic reaction were found to be, in general, higher than those for the endothermic reaction. This was attributed to product molecules leaving the catalyst surface with excess vibrational energy, which implies that the actual heat of reaction would be different than the thermodynamic value used in the JHfactor calculations. The study also indicated significant variations in the local JH factors; these were attributed to variations in the linear velocity in the radial direction.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690350111
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  • 160
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    CO hydrogenation over alumina-supported sulfide cluster catalysts (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 35 (1989), S. 109-119 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Bimetallic Mo-Fe and Mo-Co sulfide clusters were anchored on Al2O3 and used for CO hydrogenation. In addition to methane, significant amounts of dimethyl ether were produced. The reaction orders obtained from power rate laws for methanation indicated that the surfaces of the catalytic ensembles were not completely saturated by CO, in contrast to the observations for most conventional CO hydrogenation catalysts. A kinetic analysis and parameter estimation was performed to identify the rate-determining step for methanation. A catalytic cycle was postulated that could account not only for the formation of methane and higher hydrocarbons, but also for dimethyl ether as a primary product.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690350112
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  • 161
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    Methane steam reforming, methanation and water-gas shift: I. Intrinsic kinetics (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 35 (1989), S. 88-96 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Intrinsic rate equations were derived for the steam reforming of methane, accompanied by water-gas shift on a Ni/MgAl2O4 catalyst. A large number of detailed reaction mechanisms were considered. Thermodynamic analysis helped in reducing the number of possible mechanisms. Twenty one sets of three rate equations were retained and subjected to model discrimination and parameter estimation. The parameter estimates in the best model are statistically significant and thermodynamically consistent.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690350109
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  • 162
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    Simulation of solute transport in aggregated media (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 35 (1989), S. 670-672 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690350420
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  • 163
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    Ternary Diffusion Coefficients in Metastable Solutions of Glycine-Valine-H2O (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 35 (1989), S. 676-678 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690350422
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  • 164
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    Colloidal systems and interfaces by S. Ross and I. D. Morrison, Wiley-Interscience, New York, 1988, 422, pp., $49.95 (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 35 (1989), S. 700-700 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690350428
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  • 165
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    Atlas of zeolite structure types. W. M. Meier, and D. H. Olson, 2nd rev. ed., Butterworth, 1987 (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 35 (1989), S. 875-875 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690350523
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  • 166
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    Detecting and avoiding unstable operation of autothermal reactors (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 35 (1989), S. 881-890 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: An on-line procedure is developed that uses estimates of the dominant eigenvalues of a reactor-exchanger system to detect impending unstable operating behavior. In the event reactor stability is threatened, changes are made in the reactor's nominal operating state through a procedure that ensures the attainment of an accessment is made through estimation of closed-loop eigenvalues derived from a physically-based dynamic model. The guiding of the reactor to safe and stable conditions is carried out through a multiloop control system that receives optimal process setpoints found from an interative search. Experiments were made on a laboratory autothermal reactor system to assess the correspondence of the predicted and observed degrees of reactor stability.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690350602
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  • 167
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    Holdup and interfacial area measurements using dynamic gas disengagement (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 35 (1989), S. 931-942 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The dynamic gas disengagement technique is discussed comprehensively in this paper. Also outlined is the procedure for estimating holdup structures and bubble rise velocities in a bubble column, which is extended to include the methodology for estimating the Sauter mean bubble diameter and therefore the specific gas-liquid interfacial area. The error limits for the estimated quantities are established using two extreme cases to describe the disengagement process: constant rate disengagement and interactive disengagement of bubbles. The analysis is done assuming a bimodal bubble size distribution; however, generalized equations for a multimodal bubble size distribution are also presented. Sensitivity of results to the two cases is illustrated using results obtained from experiments conducted with the air-tap water system in two bubble columns (0.05 and 0.23 m in diameter, 3 m tall). Sauter mean bubble diameters and specific interfacial areas estimated using the two approaches provide lower and upper limits for values reported in the literature.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690350606
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  • 168
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    Calculation of the ionization constant of H2O to 2,273 K and 500 MPa (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 35 (1989), S. 1631-1638 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Calculations of the ionization constant of H2O are presented for densities ranging from those of subcritical water to those of supercritical steam. A recently-proposed semicontinuum model is used to calculate the standard-state hydration properties for the ions, H3O+, and OH- (Tanger and Pitzer, 1989). Calculated ionization constants are in good agreement with reported measurements at pressures from vapor-liquid saturation to 500 MPa and temperatures from 273 to 1,073 K. These measurements cover H2O densities ranging from ∼ 1,000 to 450 kg · m-3. At H2O densities less than 400 kg · m-3, our calculated ionization constants should be more reliable than those obtained from the commonly-used equation of Marshall and Franck (1981).
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690351007
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  • 169
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    Diffusion in zeolites containing mixed cations (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 35 (1989), S. 1659-1666 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Experimental results are reported for equilibrium adsorption and diffusivities of CH4, C2H6 and CO2 in type A zeolite containing mixed Na and K cations ranging from 0 to 100% in composition, at two temperatures and 1 atm. Two simple theoretical solutions are given for the diffusivity. One is for diffusion with pore (aperture) blocking using the effective medium approximation, which is readily available from the literature on percolation theory. The other is a kinetic solution derived in this work for cavities containing heterogeneous sites, which is a case where the percolation theory is not applicable. The equilibrium adsorption results show that K+ has a preference for the aperture (or pore-blocking) sites (site type II), and these results are interpreted by the bond percolation theory. The diffusivity results are successfully interpreted by the poreblocking theory in zeolites containing less than 25% K+ and by the kinetic theory for zeolites with higher K+ contents.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690351010
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  • 170
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    Turbulent micromixing parameters from reactive mixing measurements (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 35 (1989), S. 1692-1700 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Previously published conversion data for turbulent diffusion-controlled acid-base reactions in two different multijet reactors are used to extract the mixing parameters, tracer probability density function, and variance. The PDF is obtained with this instantaneous reaction method by differentiating twice the reactive mixing plot of mean reactant concentrations. The limiting behavior for the cases of complete segregation and complete mixing is derived and turns out to be piecewise linear on the reactive mixing plot. The variance is shown to be twice the area between the actual reactive mixing curve and the limiting curve for complete mixing; it can be computed by numerical integration without any foreknowledge of the PDF shape. The method, in principle, allows detection of Dirac delta functions (which represent unmixed virgin fluid) and indeed shows significant amounts of virgin fluid close to the inlet of one of the reactors.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690351014
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  • 171
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    Surface diffusion on energetically heterogeneous surfaces (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 35 (1989), S. 1735-1738 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690351019
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  • 172
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    Ion-exchange resins for improved stability in biological and enzymatic reactors (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 35 (1989), S. 1745-1748 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690351022
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  • 173
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    The effect of pore structure on the char-steam reaction (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 35 (1989), S. 1791-1802 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The kinetics of the char-steam gasification reaction and the accompanying pore structure changes have been investigated experimentally and interpreted through the use of the random pore model of Bhatia and Perlmutter (1980) and its extensions developed in this study. To allow model evaluations, surface areas and pore-size distributions were obtained for various partially-reacted char samples. Surface areas follow the reaction rates as a function of conversion, supporting the interpretation that the reaction of porous char with steam is governed by the structural changes that occur as conversion proceeds. Reaction rate constants were obtained from the kinetic data.A pyrolytic change of char mass was observed during the heatup period from room temperature to reaction temperature for each of the two char samples tested. This results in a significant increase in surface area and a decrease in pore structure parameter. It is shown that this pore structure parameter is very sensitive to changes in conversion when the initial parameter is large and the conversion is small.
    Additional Material: 24 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690351105
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  • 174
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    Trickle-bed reactors: An experimental study of partial wetting effect (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 35 (1989), S. 1821-1828 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The effect of partial external wetting of catalyst particles on conversion for hydrodesulfurization of dibenzothiophene in a white oil was studied in a 25-mm trickle-bed reactor at 10 MPa and 330-370°C with Mo/SiO2 catalyst. The superficial liquid velocity (Lm) was varied from 0.092 to 0.557 kg · m-2 · s-1. Measurements of conversion were augmented by tracer, kinetics and solubility experiments. The objectives were to determine the parameters of a reactor model based on the multizone external wetting (MZEW) model for the overall effectiveness factor, ηo, and to compare the measured and predicted values of ηo. As the wetting efficiency, f, increases, ηo also increases, but, even at the highest Lm, catalyst wetting was not complete and consequently ηo was lower than the value corresponding to f = 1. The MZEW model describes the experimental data better than the simpler two-zone model, based on a particular interpretation of f. The difference between the two models can be as high as 200%.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690351108
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  • 175
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    Robust isolable models for failure diagnosis (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 35 (1989), S. 1856-1868 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The paper presents a design procedure to generate parity equation models for analytical failure detection and isolation. The models are in “statistically-isolable” structure that prevents incorrect isolation decisions under marginal failure size if the residuals are tested in parallel. Of the combinatorial multitude of structurally-suitable models, a choice is made on the basis of sensitivities with respect to different failures and robustness relative to uncertainties in selected parameters of an underlying model. A complete set of parity equations fitting the isolable structure is first generated from a state-space model. The equations unsuitable for sensitivity are eliminated, and a suboptimally-robust diagnostic model is obtained in a constrained discrete search over the remaining set.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690351112
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  • 176
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    Errata (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 35 (1989), S. 1894-1894 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690351116
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  • 177
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    A study of coolant temperature in an industrial reactor for O-xylene oxidation (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 35 (1989), S. 511-513 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690350320
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  • 178
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    An experimental and modeling study of softening coal pyrolysis (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 35 (1989), S. 775-792 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A quantitative model of softening coal pryolysis is developed and tested against observed behavior. The model treats intraparticle transport of gases and metaplast throughout the softening stage of pyrolysis via growth of bubbles uniformly dispersed in the molten coal. The model quantitatively describes the transient softening behavior including the initiation, duration, and magnitude of plasticity and swelling of the particle. The model kinetic parameters are derived from experiments, in which a highly softening Pittsburgh No. 8 bituminous coal was pyrolyzed, and total weight loss, and yields and molecular weight distributions of tars and pyridine extractables of cooled chars were measured. Model predictions of effects of pressure, particle diameter and temperature on tar yields and weight losses, of effects of pressure on swelling ratio, and of effects of heating rate on plasticity are presented. The model provides good fits to the laboratory data and predicts trends in pyrolysis behavior in good qualitative accord with expectations based on published data.
    Additional Material: 17 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690350509
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  • 179
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    Single gas permeation through porous glass modified with tetraethoxysilane (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 35 (1989), S. 845-848 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690350515
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  • 180
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    Multicomponent reactive dispersion in tubes: Collocation vs. radial averaging (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 35 (1989), S. 490-499 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Orthogonal collocation is used to analyze the dispersion and chemical conversion of a multicomponent fluid pulse in a laminar isothermal flow in a catalytic tube. Homogeneous and heterogeneous first-order chemical reactions are included, and a full matrix diffusion law is used. The collocation method represents the dynamics well over wide ranges of system parameters and reaction time. Radial averaging approaches prove less convenient, since the dispersion coefficients thus introduced are complicated functions of time, transport properties and chemical kinetics.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690350317
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  • 181
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    Combined cocurrent-countercurrent blowdown cycle in pressure swing adsorption (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 35 (1989), S. 523-526 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690350323
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  • 182
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    Ultrastructure processing of advanced ceramics. John D. MacKenzie, Donald R. Ulrich, eds., Wiley-Interscience New York, 1988, 1013 pp., $95.00 (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 35 (1989), S. 876-876 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690350534
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  • 183
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    CODATA thermodynamic tables selections for some compounds of calcium and related mixtures: A prototype set of tables. Ed., D. Garvin, V. B. Parker, and H. J. White, Jr. Springer Verlag, 1987, 356 pp., $69.95 (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 35 (1989), S. 877-877 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690350538
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  • 184
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    Nonlinear waves and asymmetric dynamics of countercurrent separation processes (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 35 (1989), S. 690-693 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690350426
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    Transport properties of ions in gases by Edward A. Mason and Earl W. McDaniel, John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1988, 560 + xvi pp. (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 35 (1989), S. 701-701 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690350430
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  • 186
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    Electronic Resource
    Hydrodynamics of a lamella electrosettler (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 35 (1989), S. 714-724 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Using the principles of conservation of mass and momenturn for each phase, a theory is developed for describing quantitatively the sedimentation of colloidal particles in vessels having electrodes that are inclined to the vertical.As a limiting case, a kinematic settling formula was derived that describes the motion of settling fronts of colloidal alumina particles suspended in tetralin as a function of angle of inclination and strength of applied electric field in terms of electrophoretic mobilities. A hydrodynamic computer model shows the flow patterns and settling behavior of such lamella settlers with and without an applied electric field. The predicted motions of the settling fronts and the thicknesses of the clear boundary layers above the upper wall of the inclined vessels globally agreed with the experimental observations.
    Additional Material: 17 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690350503
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  • 187
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    Electronic Resource
    Electrosorption of n-alcohols on graphite particles (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 35 (1989), S. 755-763 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The loading of organic molecules adsorbed on high surface area carbon materials can be influenced by the potential of the surface. This phenomenon can form the basis for carbon regeneration and for separation processes. A theoretical treatment demonstrates that adsorption loading becomes more sensitive to potential change when the double layer capacitance of the interface and the size of the organic species are increased. An experimental method was developed to estimate isotherm parameters. The technique was demonstrated on model adsorbates, pentanol and heptanol. The values of the measured isotherm parameters (B = 3.4-9.1 V-2: Emax = 0.36-0.5 V vs. Hg/Hg2 SO4) are in the range of expected values based on literature values for similar systems. Although only 5% of activated carbon surface area was shown to be electrochemically accessible, it still has ten times the area available for electrosorption as compared to the graphite, thus making it attractive for industrial application.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690350507
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  • 188
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    Electronic Resource
    Ion-exchange chromatography of proteins by S. Yamamoto, K. Nakanishi, R. Matsuno, Marcel Dekker, New York, 1988, 401 pp., $110 (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 35 (1989), S. 700-701 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690350429
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  • 189
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    Electronic Resource
    Competition among flow, dissolution, and precipitation in porous media (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 35 (1989), S. 1177-1185 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A theoretical and experimental study has been carried out on flow, dissolution, and precipitation in porous media. Flow experiments were performed on linear carbonate cores using acidic ferric chloride solutions. Dissolution of the carbonate by the acid causes an increase in the solution pH, thereby precipitating ferric hydroxide. This precipitate plugs up the pore throats in the medium and increases the resistance to fluid flow. Fluctuations in the permeability ratio were observed during core flood experiments, confirming the competition between channel formation due to dissolution and pore plugging due to precipitation. The evolution of the pore structure was characterized by Wood's metal castings.A network model has also been developed to describe flow and reaction in porous media. The model was used to simulate the ferric chloride system, and pressure oscillations predicted by the model show identical trends to those observed experimentally. Additionally, the evolution of pores in the network were graphically represented.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690350713
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  • 190
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    Electronic Resource
    Effects of temperature on activity coefficients in aqueous electrolyte solutions (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 35 (1989), S. 1215-1218 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690350721
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  • 191
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    Electronic Resource
    Formation of gas hydrate with CFC alternative R-134a (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 35 (1989), S. 1227-1228 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690350724
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  • 192
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dynamics of explosions. Vol. 106 of Progress in Astronautics and Aeronautics, 657 pp., $79.50. The technical papers presented at the 10th International Colloquium on Dynamics of Explosions and Reactive Systems, Berkeley, CA, Aug., 1985, ed., J. R. Bowen, J.-C. Leyer, and R. I. Soloukhin, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1986 (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 35 (1989), S. 876-877 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690350536
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  • 193
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    Electronic Resource
    National standard reference data service of the USSR. A series of property tables, english language. Ed., Theodore B. Selover, Jr. Springer Verlag, 1987, Vols. 1-7: Thermodynamic Properties of Helium, 316 pp.; Nitrogen, 342 pp.; Methane, 342 pp.; Ethane, 303 pp.; Oxygen, 308 pp.; Air, 276 pp.; Ethylene, 278 pp. vols. 8 and 9: Thermophysical Properties of Freons (Methane series), parts 1 and 2, 200 and 243 pp., respectively, Vol. 10: Thermophysical properties of Neon, Argon, Krypton, and Xenon, 604 pp. Vols. 1-9, $120/volume, vol. 10, $150 (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 35 (1989), S. 877-877 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690350539
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  • 194
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    A comparison of muscle precursor replication in crush-injured skeletal muscle of Swiss and BALBc mice (1989)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 255 (1989), S. 385-391 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Myogenesis ; Muscle regeneration ; Genetics ; Autoradiography ; Tritiated thymidine ; Mouse (Swiss;BALBc)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Muscle precursor replication in Swiss mice, in which muscle regeneration is exceptionally vigorous, was compared with previous data for regeneration in BALBc mice. The tibialis anterior muscles of 23 male and 15 female inbred Swiss SJL/J mice were crush injured, and tritiated thymidine injected into mice at various times after injury to label replicating muscle precursors. Lesion samples were taken 10 days after injury, processed for autoradiography, and grain counts of myotube nuclei analysed. Muscle regeneration was more vigorous in male compared with female Swiss mice, and in both was strikingly greater than that in BALBc mice in which there was extensive fibrous connective tissue throughout the lesions. Autoradiographic analysis showed that muscle precursor replication started at 24 hours in Swiss mice, 6 hours earlier than the onset at 30 hours in BALBc mice. Muscle precursor replication appeared to be more active 96 hours after injury in female Swiss compared with male BALBc and male Swiss mice respectively, although numbers of precursor cells replicating at other times were similar. It is not known whether the slight difference in onset of muscle precursor replication can alone account for the more complete muscle regeneration seen in Swiss mice. Similar studies were carried out in 11 male and 10 female F1 hybrid (SJL/J x BALBc) mice. Analysis of labelled myotube nuclei showed that muscle precursors did not synthesise DNA prior to 30 hours after injury, and regeneration resembled that of the parental BALBc strain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00224122
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  • 195
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 35 (1989) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690350101
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  • 196
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    Electronic Resource
    Surface area evolution of calcium hydroxide during calcination and sintering (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 35 (1989), S. 30-36 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A simple one-dimensional mathematical model validated with high-temperature entrained-flow reactor data successfully explained dispersed calcium hydroxide particle surface area evolution resulting from concomitant calcination and sintering. An integrated first-order calcination rate expression and a second-order sintering rate form accurately predicted time-resolved surface area generation and degradation. The effects of water vapor and gaseous carbon dioxide concentration on asymptotic specific surface areas and sintering rates were noted. This methodology for predicting sorbent surface area evolution will enable more accurate sulfation modeling efforts in furnace sorbent injection (FSI) applications, where calcination, sintering, and sulfation can all occur on the same time scale.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690350103
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  • 197
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plasma processing in microelectronics manufacturing (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 35 (1989), S. 1-29 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Plasma processing has emerged as an important technology for the deposition and etching of thin solid films in the manufacture of microelectronic devices. In fact, much of the progress achieved to date in device miniaturization would have been much more difficult without the unique characteristics of plasma processes. It is anticipated that future progress will continue to rely heavily on plasma technology. Although plasma chemical reactors are widely used, a lack of fundamental understanding has resulted in heavy reliance on empiricism in process design and control. The complexities inherent in any chemical reactor are compounded in plasma processing by the presence and active participation of the discharge in both gas phase and surface chemical processes. This has resulted in a technology that is sensitive to many design and operating parameters. A large parameter space gives process engineers flexibility in tailoring process conditions to meet objectives. However, without fundamental insight into the key physical and chemical processes, reactor design and control cannot be based on systematic, rational procedures. The purposes of this review are to introduce chemical engineers to plasma processing practice and phenomenology; to outline the progress made to date in fundamental studies of discharge physics and chemistry; to indicate areas in which chemical engineers must expand their traditional training to participate in plasma processing research; and finally to suggest how established chemical engineering methodology can be applied to plasma chemical reactors.
    Additional Material: 17 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690350102
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  • 198
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Partitioning of nonspherical molecules between bulk solution and porous solids (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 35 (1989), S. 42-52 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Monte Carlo simulation is used to calculate partition coefficients for rigid, axisymmetric, nonspherical molecules in various pore geometries. Novel quantitative results are presented for a variety of molecule and pore shapes, including pores of nonuniform cross-section such as the interstitial space within granular and fibrous materials.Quick estimation methods for obtaining partition coefficients are discussed, and the effects of molecule and pore wall curvature are described in detail. A boundary perturbation analysis is used to derive easy-to-use formulas for a variety of molecule shapes in circular pores.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690350105
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  • 199
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparative SO2 reactivity of CaO derived from CaCo3 and Ca(OH)2 (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 35 (1989), S. 37-41 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Experimental data on sulfation rates of CaO particles derived from CaCO3 are compared to those derived from Ca(OH)2 using a product layer diffusion control model differing only in the shape of the CaO grain. Both the model and the experimental data indicate slightly higher reactivity for the Ca(OH)2-derived oxide due to the observed difference in grain shape. This effect is considered as a contributor to the greater performance of Ca(OH)2 in pilot-scale SO2 removal studies.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690350104
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  • 200
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Uptake of phenylalanine and tyrosine by a strong-acid cation exchanger (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 35 (1989), S. 53-68 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The equilibrium and rate of uptake of the amino acids phenylalanine and tyrosine by Amberlite 252, a strongly acidic, cation-exchange resin, have been investigated. Uptake of the amino acids by the hydrogen form of the resin occurs primarily by the stoichiometric exchange of hydrogen ions and amino acid cations. The amount of amino acid taken up by the resin can be calculated as a function of solution pH and amino acid concentration from a model that takes into account both solution and ion-exchange equilibria. The rates of uptake of the two amino acids have been determined experimentally for a closed batch system. The results of experiments in which the resin particle size, the flow rate, and the concentration were varied show that intraparticle transport is dominated by the slow diffusion of amino acid cations through the macroreticular polymer structure of the resin, with some contribution from macropore transport of amino acid cations and zwitterions. An intraparticle diffusion model has been developed to describe these results and predict the performance of fixed-bed operations.
    Additional Material: 19 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690350106
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