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  • 101
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): In situ hybridization ; Immunohistochemistry ; Corticotropin-releasing factor ; Messenger RNA ; Preoptic nucleus ; Catostomus commersoni (Teleostei)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary In situ hybridization procedure with a 32P-labelled synthetic oligonucleotide probe was used to detect corticotropin-releasing factor-encoding messenger RNA (CRF mRNA) in the hypothalamus of the white sucker, Catostomus commersoni. Adjacent sections were immunostained by a sucker CRF-specific antiserum. CRF mRNA-containing neurons were identified by autoradiography in the magnocellular and parvocellular subdivisions of the preoptic nucleus (PON). Many of these neurons were also immunostained by sucker antiserum, showing the same distribution patterns. These results confirm the presence of CRF mRNA and CRF peptide in the white sucker hypothalamus and support the view that the magnocellular and parvocellular neurons of the PON may be involved in the control of adrenocorticotropic hormone secretion from the pituitary in the white sucker.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 102
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 270 (1992), S. 87-93 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Ovarian nerves ; Development ; Folliculogenesis ; Tyrosine hydroxylase ; Immunohistochemistry ; Electron microscopy ; Rat (Sprague Dawley)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Sympathetic neurotransmitters have been shown to be present in the ovary of the rat during early postnatal development and to affect steroidogenesis before the ovary becomes responsive to gonadotropins, and before the first primordial follicles are formed. This study was undertaken to determine if development of the ovarian innervation is an event that antedates the initiation of folliculogenesis in the rat, Rattus norvegicus. Serial sections of postnatal ovaries revealed a negligible frequency of follicles 24 h after birth (about 1 primordial follicle per ovary). Twelve hours later there were about 500 follicles per ovary, a number that more than doubled to about 1300 during the subsequent 12 h, indicating that an explosive period of follicular differentiation occurs between the end of postnatal days 1 and 2. Electron microscopy demonstrated that before birth the ovaries are already innervated by fibers containing clear and dense-core vesicles. Immunohistochemistry performed on either fetal (day 19) or newborn (less than 15h after birth) ovaries showed the presence of catecholaminergic nerves, identified by their content of immunoreactive tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), the rate-limiting enzyme in catecholamine biosynthesis. While some of these fibers innervate blood vessels, others are associated with primordial ovarian cells, thereby suggesting their participation in non-vascular functions. Since prefollicular ovaries are insensitive to gonadotropins, the results suggest that the developing ovary becomes subjected to direct neurogenic influences before it acquires responsiveness to gonadotropins.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 103
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Human cycling endometrium ; Type-2 chain ABO antigens ; Immunohistochemistry ; Genetic and hormonal regulation ; Genetic regulation ; Hormonal regulation ; Human
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The blood group ABO(H) determinants are major allogenic antigens in both erythrocytes and tissue of man. These antigens and related carbohydrates are markers of cellular maturation and differentiation in many epithelial tissues and have recently attracted great interest as tumor-associated antigens. Previous studies of endometrial tissues have indicated that glycosylation in this tissue may be related to hormonal stimulation. We have investigated the immunohistochemical distribution of type-2 chain histo-blood group-related carbohydrates in specimens of normal, cycling endometria obtained from hysterectomies on women with known ABO/Lewis erythrocyte type and saliva secretor status. N-acetyllactosamine and Lex were demonstrated to be uninfluenced by the genetic background. A and Aley antigens were exclusively demonstrated in endometria from blood group A individuals, while Ley was expressed in endometria from blood group 0 individuals mainly. The precursor N-acetyllactosamine as well as the terminal H, A, and ALey antigens were shown in only a few cells. In contrast, N-acetyllactosamine substituted by sialic acid and/or fucose residues (Lex, sialosyl-Lex, Ley) were demonstrated in epithelial cells of normal, cycling endometrium, but with both quantitative and qualitative differences in staining relating to the menstrual cycle, indicating that type-2 chain antigens are expressed under both genetic and hormonal influence in human cycling endometrium.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 104
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Cervix ; Uterus ; Eosinophils ; Major basic protein, eosinophil ; Immunohistochemistry ; Parturition ; Rat (Wistar, IFFA-Credo)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Distribution of the eosinophil major basic protein (MBP) was studied in the rat uterus horn and cervix by means of immunohistochemistry using an antiserum raised against rat MBP. Various hormonal contexts were investigated: pre- and post-parturition, the estrous cycle, and ovariectomy followed by hormonal treatment or without treatment. MBP was detectable in the cervix as early as 12 h post-partum, appearing in the stroma close to the myometrium. The MBP had spread throughout the stroma toward the luminal epithelium after a few days. In contrast, no MBP was seen in sections of the corresponding pre- and post-partum uteri and in the pre-partum cervix. In cycling rats, MBP was distributed equally in the cervix and uterus and was more abundant during proestrus and estrus. In ovariectomized rats and in ovariectomized rats subsequently treated with progesterone, no MBP was detected in the cervix or uterus. In the cervix of ovariectomized rats treated with estradiol, MBP first appeared in the muscle layer situated between the two cervical lumina and then reached the stroma; within a few days only the stroma was stained. Inversely, in the uterus MBP-staining first appeared in the stroma. In conclusion, analysis of the distribution of MBP in rat uterus revealed a marked difference in the response of the cervix and horn to a hormonal environment.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 105
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Xenopsin ; Xenopsin precursor fragment ; Immunohistochemistry ; Skin ; Gastrointestinal tract ; Xenopus laevis (Anura)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Xenopsin (Xp) and xenopsin precursor fragment (XPF) are bioactive peptides derived from a single precursor molecule; both were isolated previously from extracts of Xenopus laevis skin. The present immunohistochemical study was undertaken to determine the specific cellular localization of these two peptides in the skin and also in the gastrointestinal tract of adult Xenopus. We report here that Xp-like and XPF-like immuno-reactivities co-exist in the granular glands of the skin and specific granular cells in the lower esophagus and stomach. However, only Xp-like immunoreactivity, not XPF-like immunoreactivity, was detected in tall, thin cells of the duodenum and in club-shaped cells of the large intestine. The immunochemical co-localization of the two peptides in specific cells of the skin, lower esophagus and stomach suggests that the same gene is expressed in each of these cells, and that the precursor molecule undergoes similar post-translational processing. In contrast, the observation that certain cells of the duodenum and large intestine display only one peptide immunoreactivity suggests an alternative phenomenon, possibly involving selective peptide accumulation or expression of a different gene.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 106
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 270 (1992), S. 273-279 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Macrophages ; Small intestine ; Large intestine ; External muscle layer ; Immunohistochemistry ; Histochemistry ; Electron microscopy ; Man
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary In the external layers of human small and large intestine macrophage-like cells were characterized by immunohistochemical, histochemical and electronmicroscopical methods. Using immunohistochemistry and a number of monoclonal antibodies, the presence and distribution of phenotypic subpopulations of macrophages were evaluated. In all locations macrophage-like cells were identified with antibody EBM11, which recognizes CD68 antigen, C3bi which recognizes CD11b, and partly with an antibody which recognizes protein 150,95 (CD11c). Macrophage-like cells in the external muscle layer were HLA-DR-positive (expressing the MHC class-II antigen), in contrast to macrophage-like cells in the subserosa and submucosa. Macrophage-like cells in the external muscle layer were mostly acid phosphatase-negative, and at the electron-microscopic level they were found to have features of macrophages: primary lysosomes, coated vesicles and pits. However, very few secondary lysosomes were present. Birbeck granules were not observed. It is concluded that in the external muscle layer of human small and large intestine numerous macrophages of a special type are present. It is discussed whether this cell type plays a role in gastrointestinal motility and/or has an immunological function.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 107
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Brain, vertebrate ; Catecholamines ; Tyrosine hydroxylase ; Immunohistochemistry ; Anolis carolinensis (Lacertilia)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Using traditional as well as whole-mount immunohistochemistry, we described the location of tyrosine hydroxylase-and dopamine beta hydroxylase-positive cells and fibers in the brain of the lizard Anolis carolinensis. Major catecholaminergic cell groups were in the ependyma in certain ventricular regions, alous coeruleus, anterior hypothalamic and lateral hypothalamic areas, and in the mesencephalic tegmental region, locus coeruleus, nucleus of the solitary tract, vagal motor nucleus, and rhombencephalic reticular formation. Major catecholaminergic fibers, tracts and varicosities included tuberohypophysial, mesolimbic, nigrostriatal, isthmocortical, medullohypothalamic, and coeruleospinal systems. Although the catecholaminergic systems in A. carolinensis are similar to those in the brains of other lizards studied, there are a few species differences. Our information about A. carolinensis will be used to help localize the hypothalamic asymmetry in catecholamine metabolism previously described in this lizard.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 108
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Sensilla ; Immunohistochemistry ; Cryofixation ; Freeze-substitution ; Thermoreceptors ; Hygroreceptors ; Sensory transduction ; Ion pumps ; Antheraea pernyi (Insecta)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary In an attempt to identify and localize the components of voltage sources involved in sensory transduction in insect sensilla, the thermo-/hygrosensitive sensilla of the moth Antheraea pernyi were probed with a polyclonal antiserum against Na+,K+-ATPase in cryofixed and freeze-substituted preparations. The antiserum recognized epitopes on the cytoplasmic membranes of the dendritic inner segments and somata of the sensory cells and also on the cytoplasmic membranes of glial cells surrounding the initial axon segments. The findings support the current concept that ion pumps in the cytoplasmic membranes of the dendritic inner segments and somata of the sensory cells contribute to the maintenance of the resting potential of the sensory cells and to the driving forces generating the receptor currents in response to stimulation of the sensillum. Morphological features and immunohistochemical characteristics of the region of the initial axon segment are also discussed with respect to the initiation of action potentials in these sensilla.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 109
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 269 (1992), S. 195-204 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Degeneration ; Histochemistry ; Immunohistochemistry ; Morphometry ; Muscle ; Stimulation, chronic ; Rabbit
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The purpose of this study was to examine the contention that stimulation-induced damage, resulting in degeneration with subsequent regeneration, plays a major role in the transformation of fibre type brought about by chronic electrical stimulation. Data from histological and histochemical sections of 9-day-stimulated rabbit fast-twitch muscles were analysed with multivariate statistical techniques. Fibre degeneration and regeneration varied non-systematically between sample areas at any given cross-sectional level. In the extensor digitorum longus muscle, but not in the tibialis anterior, there was more degeneration in proximal than in distal portions of the muscle. The extensor digitorum longus muscle consistently showed more degeneration than the tibialis anterior muscle. Degeneration was less extensive for an intermittent pattern of stimulation that delivered half the aggregate number of impulses of continuous stimulation. Degeneration and regeneration varied markedly between individual rabbits in each of the groups. Sections that revealed the most degeneration and regeneration also had more fibres that reacted positively with an anti-neonatal antibody. Rigorous analysis of different sources of variation has helped to explain apparent conflicts in the literature. The incidence of muscle fibre damage in the stimulated tibialis anterior muscle is low, showing that the contribution of degenerative-regenerative phenomena to fibre type conversion in this muscle is insignificant.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 110
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Calcitonin gene-related peptide ; Renal pelvis ; Ureter ; Whole-mount preparation ; Immunohistochemistry ; Ureteral ligature ; Rat (Wistar)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The distribution of calcitonin gene-related peptide-immunoreactive nerve fibers in the renal pelvis and ureter was examined by immunohistochemistry using whole-mount preparations and cryostat sections. The patterns of innervation were contrasted between the pelvis and ureter; the immunoreactive nerve fibers in the pelvis ran parallel to the long axis of each of the circular and longitudinal muscle layers, causing a lattice-like appearance of the nerve fibers. In the ureter, the immunoreactive fibers were accumulated in the subepithelial region and the longitudinal muscle. In both the pelvis and ureter, a portion of the nerve fibers of smaller caliber showed a swollen or beaded structure; they were located in the musculature and beneath the epithelium extending for considerable distances. Ligation of the ureter caused a marked decrease in the immunoreactive nerves in the pelvis and the proximal portion of the ureter, suggesting that the axonal flow in the calcitonin gene-related peptide-containing neurons of the ureter runs towards the pelvis.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 111
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 267 (1992), S. 11-16 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Kidney ; Distal tubule ; Tamm-Horsfall protein ; Cytokeratin ; Immunohistochemistry ; Human
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Various antibodies and lectins were used in a histological study of the human renal tubule, particularly of the distal end of the thick limb of the loop of Henle. The thick limb, identified by antibody to Tamm-Horsfall protein, ended abruptly, either at the macula densa or at a variable distance after it. At this point there was an abrupt change in cell size. Confocal microscopy and other techniques showed that this point marked an abrupt beginning of tubular staining by the cytokeratin antibody PKK 2 and the lectin UEA 1, with an abrupt end of staining by the lectin DBA. Distal from this point, there were gradual changes in staining of the tubule by various reagents including other antibodies to cytokeratins. These structural findings suggest that there is a fundamental change in the tubule at the end of the thick limb. The abrupt end to the thick limb in man resembles that seen in the rat and the rabbit.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 112
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 267 (1992), S. 185-192 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Retina ; Proliferative vitreoretinopathy ; Epiretinal membrane ; Fibronectin ; In situ hybridisation ; Immunohistochemistry ; Man
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The distribution of fibronectin mRNA and fibronectin in adult human retina and epiretinal membranes was investigated by in situ hybridisation and immunohistochemical techniques. The cells in normal adult retina contained little or no fibronectin mRNA and the retina only showed fibronectin immunoreactivity in retinal vessels. The cells in detached neuroretina did not contain fibronectin message but the vitreoretinal interface of the detached retina exhibited variable fibronectin immunoreactivity. Retinal glia, retinal pigment epithelium and fibroblast-like cells in membranes at the vitreoretinal juncture (epiretinal membranes) showed variable labelling with the fibronectin mRNA probe and all the membranes immunostained for fibronectin. No difference could be detected between membrane cell types in the intensity of labelling with the mRNA probe or for fibronectin immunoreactivity. The results indicate that cells in situ in attached and detached adult human retina do not produce fibronectin. Although fibronectin at the vitreoretinal juncture in retinal detachment is probably partly derived from plasma fibronectin resulting from breakdown of the blood-retinal barrier, ectopic retinal cells produce fibronectin and contribute to the glycoprotein in epiretinal membranes.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 113
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Atrial natriuretic peptides ; mRNA ; Diabetes, type I ; Immunohistochemistry ; Morphometry ; Mouse (NOD)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) levels in cardiocytes and plasma were examined by using immunohistochemistry, electron microscopy, and radioimmunoassay in non-obese diabetic mice (NOD). Cardiocyte ANP mRNA expression was measured by the polymerase chain reaction method. ANP immunoreactivity in the auricular cardiocytes was more prominent in hyperglycemic mice (NOD-h) than in normoglycemic mice (NOD-n). Ultrastructural examination showed that auricular cardiocytes of the NOD-h group contained more cytoplasmic granules than cells of the NOD-n group. Ultrastructural morphometry indicated that the number of granules per auricular cardiocyte was significantly larger in the NOD-h group than in the NOD-n group. (P〈0.01), whereas the granule diameter was significantly smaller in the NOD-h group (P〈0.01). Radioimmunoassay showed that ANP levels in the NOD-h auricular cardiocytes were significantly higher than those in the NOD-n cardiocytes (P〈0.01); the opposite was true in plasma. Cardiocyte ANP mRNA expression was lower in the NOD-h group than in the NOD-n group.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 114
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 267 (1992), S. 301-306 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Luteinizing hormone beta-messenger RNA ; In situ hybridization ; Immunohistochemistry ; Pars tuberalis ; Sheep
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The localization of luteinizing hormone beta (LHβ)-mRNA was studied by in situ hybridization in the pars tuberalis of sheep using a homologous sheep double-stranded 32P-or 35S-cDNA. The labelled cDNA probe detected one mRNA sequence in the pars tuberalis by Northern blot analysis; this sequence was similar to that detected in the pituitary. In situ, the labelling of LHβ-mRNA in the horizontal and sagittal tissue sections was found throughout the pars tuberalis. This labelling was prevented by adding an excess of cold probe or treating the sections by ribonuclease before in situ hybridization. Controls showed a labelling in the pars distalis, but not in the median eminence, hypothalamus, cerebral cortex and liver sections. Double labelling by using a specific LHβ-antiserum indicated that the labelling of LHβ-mRNA appeared more intense in LH-containing cells that were found only in the ventral part of the pars tuberalis. These results suggest that the entire pars tuberalis is able to produce the LHβ subunit, but that the level of translation greatly varies according to the location of the cells.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 115
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 268 (1992), S. 167-177 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Mammary gland ; Extracellular matrix ; Menstrual cycle ; Breast cancer ; Immunohistochemistry ; Epithelial cell behaviour ; Human
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The normal human mammary gland undergoes a well defined sequence of histological changes in both epithelial and stromal compartments during the menstrual cycle. Studies in vitro have suggested that the extracellular matrix surrounding the individual cells plays a central role in modulating a wide variety of cellular events, including proliferation, differentiation and gene expression. We therefore investigated the distribution of a number of extracellular matrix molecules in the normal breast during the menstrual cycle. By use of indirect immunofluorescence, with specific antibodies, we demonstrated that laminin, heparan sulphate proteoglycan, type IV collagen, type V collagen, chondroitin sulphate and fibronectin undergo changes in distribution during the menstrual cycle, whereas collagen types I, III, VI and VII remain unchanged. These changes were most marked in the basement membrane, sub-basement membrane zone and delimiting layer of fibroblasts surrounding the ductules where basement membrane markers such as laminin, heparan sulphate proteoglycan, and type IV and V collagens appear greatly reduced during the mid-cycle period (days 8 to 22). These results suggest that some extracellular matrix molecules may act as medittors in the hormonal control of the mammary gland, whereas others may have a predominantly structural role.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 116
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Vitamin A deficiency ; Cytokeratins ; Epithelial cells ; Immunohistochemistry ; Rat (BN/BiRij)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Normal epithelial cell differentiation is charactezied by the production of distinct cytokeratin proteins. It is well known that epithelia of several organs show squamous metaplasia in a vitamin A-deficient status. It is not yet known whether these histological changes are concomitant with a change in cytokeratin expression. Therefore, 3-week-old female rats (BN/BiRij) were fed a vitamin A-deficient diet for 8 weeks. The cytokcratin expression in epithelia of various organs was monitored immunohistochemically during the induction of vitamin A deficiency. Therefore, monoclonal antibodies specific for human cytokeratin 4, 5, 5+8, 7, 10, 14, 18 and 19 were used. In a normal vitamin A status, the distributional pattern for the different cytokeratins in rats was similar to that reported for human tissue. No change in cytokeratin expression was seen in trachea, skin, liver and colon at any time point studied. Squamous metaplasia in urinary bladder and salivary glands was observed after six weeks on the vitamin A-deficient diet. This was concomitant with a substitution of cytokeratins 4, 5+8, 7, 18 and 19 by cytokeratin 10. The latter cytokeratin is specific for keratinzed squamous epithelium. A change in cytokeratin expression was observed in bladder, ureter, kidney, salivary glands, uterus and conjunctiva before histological alterations appeared. In conclusion, the changes in cytokeratin expression observed under vitamin A deficiency in epithelia in vivo are in agreement with those described in other studies for epithelial cells in vitro. The changes in cytokeratin expression and the subsequent differentiation into squamous cells occurs in basal cells of the bladder but not in transitional cells. Furthermore, histological alterations are preceded by changes in cytokeratin expression indicating that vitamin A status controls cytokeratin expression in vivo.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 117
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Spleen ; Transplantation ; Immunohistochemistry ; Lymphocytes ; Macrophages ; Stimulation ; Cytokines ; Rat (Lewis) ; Rat (Wistar)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Inbred animals (Lewis rats) were used to investigate the regeneration of autologously implanted splenic tissue at intra-omental and subcutaneous sites. Quantitative immunohistology with monoclonal antibodies against lymphocytes and macrophages was performed to analyse the cell density of red pulp (RP), periarteriolar lymphoid sheath (PALS), marginal zone (MZ) and follicle, 7–180 days after transplantation. Antigenic, allogeneic and mitogenic stimulation and Northern blotting were also performed. Transplant groups differed from spleen only in the reduced size of PALS; however, quantitative analysis demonstrated subtle differences between spleen and transplants. The cell density of B-cells and ED-1+ macrophages was reduced in the RP, Tsupp/cyt-cells were decreased and B-cells increased in PALS, and B-cells and Thelper-cells reduced in the MZ. No differences could be detected between the transplant groups. Flow-cytometric analysis of cell suspensions from spleen and transplants revealed a reduction of T-cells (OX-19+), MHC-I and transferrin-receptor-bearing cells in both transplant groups, and a decrease in the number of Thelper-cells and ED-3+ macrophages in subcutaneous transplants. Both transplant groups were defective regarding the allogeneic and pokeweed mitogen response. Aberration of the lipopolysaccharide response was restricted to subcutaneous transplants, which additionally showed abnormal expression of interferon-gamma, interleukin-5 and interleukin-6 mRNA. Thus, subtle alterations of the newly developed microenvironment and/or lymphocyte-homing may influence the regeneration of splenic tissue; the implantation site may represent an important parameter in functional reorganisation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 118
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 269 (1992), S. 79-85 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Carotid labyrinth ; Ontogeny ; Substance P ; CGRP ; VIP ; Immunohistochemistry ; Rana catesbeiana (Anura)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The ontogeny of substance P, CGRP (calcitonin gene-related peptide), and VIP (vasoactive intestinal polypeptide) containing nerve fibers in the carotid labyrinth of the bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana, was examined by the peroxidase-antiperoxidase method. The time of appearance of these three peptides was different for each. First, CGRP fibers appeared in the wall of the carotid arch and external carotid arteries, and in a thin septum between these two arteries at an early stage of larval development (stage III). At stage V, substance P immunoreactive fibers appeared, and VIP fibers were detected at the early metamorphic stage (stage XXII). Up to the completion of metamorphosis, the number of these fibers remained low. From 1 to 5 weeks after metamorphosis, substance P, CGRP, and VIP fibers increased in number to varying degrees. By 8 weeks after metamorphosis, the distribution and abundance of these fibers closely resembled those of the adults. Some CGRP and VIP immunoreactive glomus cells were found at the stages immediately before and after the completion of metamorphosis. These findings suggest that substance P, CGRP, and VIP fibers during larval development and metamorphosis may be nonfunctional, and start to participate in vascular regulation only after metamorphosis. The transient CGRP and VIP in some glomus cells may be important for the development of the labyrinth, or may take part in vascular regulation through the close apposition of the glomus and smooth muscle cells (g-s connection).
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 119
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 269 (1992), S. 151-158 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Atrial natriuretic peptide ; Brain natriuretic peptide ; C-type natriuretic peptide ; Heart ; Brain vertebrate ; Immunohistochemistry ; Opsanus beta (Teleostei)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The distribution of natriuretic peptide immunoreactivity was determined in the heart and brain of the gulf toadfish Opsanus beta using the avidin-biotin peroxidase technique. Four antisera were used: the first raised against porcine brain natriuretic peptide which cross-reacts with atrial natriuretic and C-type natriuretic peptides (termed natriuretic peptide-like immunoreactivity); the second raised against porcine brain natriuretic peptide which cross-reacts with C-type natriuretic peptide but not with atrial natriuretic peptide (termed porcine brain natriuretic peptide-like immunoreactivity); the third raised against rat atrial natriuretic peptide; and the fourth raised against eel atrial natriuretic peptide. Natriuretic peptide- and porcine brain natriuretic peptide-like immunoreactivity was observed in all cardiac muscle cells of the atrium. In the ventricle, natriuretic peptide-like immunoreactivity was found in all cardiac muscle cells, however porcine brain natriuretic peptidelike immunoreactivity was confined to muscle cells adjacent to the epicardium. There was no discernible difference in the distribution of natriuretic peptide-like immunoreactivity and porcine brain natriuretic peptide-like immunoreactivity in the brain. Immunoreactive perikarya were observed only in the preoptic region of the diencephalon, and many immunoreactive fibres were found in the telencephalon, preoptic area, and rostral hypothalamus, lateral to the thalamic region. There was no immunoreactivity in any region of the hypophysis. A pair of distinct immunoreactive fibre tracts ran caudally from the preoptic area to the thalamic region, from which fibres extended to the posterior commissure, area praetectalis, dorsolateral regions of the midbrain tegmentum, and tectum. Many immunoreactive fibres were present in the rostral regions of the inferior lobes of the hypothalamus and in the dorsolateral and ventrolateral aspects of the rhombencephalon. No immunoreactivity was observed in the heart and brain using rat atrial natriuretic and eel natriuretic peptide antisera. Although the chemical structure of natriuretic peptides in the heart and brain of toadfish is unknown, these observations show that a component of the natriuretic peptide complement is similar to porcine brain natriuretic and/or porcine C-type natriuretic peptides. The presence of natriuretic peptides in the brain suggests that they could be important neuromodulators and/or neurotransmitters.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 120
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 270 (1992), S. 1-6 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Estradiol receptor ; Endometrium ; Ovariectomy ; Immunohistochemistry ; Ultrastructure ; Pig
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Serial sections of resting porcine endometrium were analyzed with the monoclonal antibody 13H2 using goat antimouse IgG/5 nm gold as secondary reagent or with either polyclonal antibodies from goat #402 or the rat monoclonal antibody H222, both in combination with protein G/12 nm gold. A modestly higher labelling of nuclei than of cytoplasm was seen only with the monoclonal antibody H222. Polyclonal #402 and monoclonal 13H2 showed fewer attachments over nuclear than over cytoplasmic areas. The highest densities of attachment and of predominantly cytoplasmic labelling were obtained with the monoclonal antibody 13H2. The results confirm the earlier assumption of a restricted accessiblity of estradiol receptor in the cytoplasm of resting cells for immunoreagents.
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  • 121
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 269 (1992), S. 167-174 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Invertebrate immunity ; Coelomocytes ; Encapsulation ; Melanin ; Cytochemistry ; Immunohistochemistry ; Nereis diversicolor (Annelida)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary We attempted to identify the nature and origin of the pigment produced by the marine worm Nereis diversicolor in order to isolate, in inert brown capsules, foreign objects introduced into its body cavity. This brown pigment, characterized by cytochemical techniques, could be a melanin. The activity of the enzyme phenoloxidase responsible for melanin biosynthesis was detected by enzyme cytochemistry techniques in vacuoles and the Golgi apparatus of coelomocytes activated by the presence of foreign bodies. Morphological techniques combined with a monoclonal immunological probe enabled us to establish that the “G2” granulocytes contain both the precursor of the pigment in dense bodies and the capacity for phenoloxidase synthesis when activated to encapsulate foreign bodies. The “G2” granulocyte may therefore be compared to a melanocyte in which melanin is not stored as in mammals, but immediately extruded following synthesis in the form of a thick fluid.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 122
    ISSN: 1437-1596
    Schlagwort(e): Fibronectin ; Immunohistochemistry ; Wound age
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin , Rechtswissenschaft
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung Es wurden 53 vitale Hautwunden mit einem Wundalter von wenigen Sekunden/Minuten
    Notizen: Summary We analyzed the distribution of fibronectin in routinely embedded tissue specimens from 53 skin wounds and 6 postmortem wounds. In postmortem wounds a faint but focal positive staining was exclusively found at the margin of the specimens which dit not extend into the adjacent stroma. Vital wounds were classified into 3 groups. The first comprising lesions with wound ages ranging from a few seconds to 30 min, the second comprising those with wound ages upt to 3 weeks, and the third group with lesions more than 3 weeks old. Ten out of 17 lesions with a wound age up to 30 min showed a clear positive reaction within the wound area. Three specimens in this group were completely negative, while in 4 additional cases the result was not significantly different from postmortem lesions. These 7 cases were characterized by acute death with extremely short survival times (only seconds). In wounds up to 3 weeks old fibronectin formed a distinct network containing an increasing number of inflammatory cells corresponding to the wound age. In 2 cases with a survival time of 17 days and in all wounds older than 3 weeks fibronectin was restricted to the surface of fibroblasts and to parallel arranged fibers in the granulation tissue without any network structures. We present evidence that fibronectin is a useful marker for vital wounds with a survival time of more than a few minutes. Fibronectin appears before neutrophilic granulocytes migrate into the wound area. Since a faint positive fibronectin staining is seen in postmortem lesions and bleedings, we propose that only those wounds which show strong positive fibronectin staining also extending into the adjacent stroma should be regarded as vital.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 123
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    International journal of legal medicine 105 (1992), S. 75-80 
    ISSN: 1437-1596
    Schlagwort(e): Immunohistochemistry ; ABH-related antigens ; Human male genital tract ; Immunohistochemistry ; Antigene des ABH-Komplexes ; Männlicher Genitaltrakt
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin , Rechtswissenschaft
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung Die Lokalisation (and Verteilung) der Antigene des ABH-Komplexes im Bereich der inneren Geschlechtsorgane des Mannes wurde mittels monoklonaler Antikörper unter Benutzung einer Avidin-Biotin Technik untersucht. Dabei konnten positive Reaktionen im Hoden und im Ductus epididymidis lediglich an Erythrozyten und Endothelzellen beobachtet werden. Die Expression von ABH-Antigenen in den Ductuli efferentes testis, im Ductus epididymidis, in den Samenbläschen und der Prostata wird offensichtlich komplex durch H-, Se-, Le- und X-Gene kodiert. Die Resultate der vorliegenden Untersuchungen zeigen, daß die ABH-Antigene der Spermienoberfläche offensichtlich aus der Samenflüssigkeit stammen und die ABO-, H-, Se-, Le-und X-Gene gewebsabhängig unterschiedlich exprimiert werden.
    Notizen: Summary The localization of ABH related antigens in human male reproductive tract was examined using monoclonal antibodies and an avidin biotin complex method. No positive reaction with blood group antibodies on spermatozoa was observed in testis and ductus epididymidis apart from erythrocytes and endothelial cells. The expression of ABH and ABH related antigens in ductuli efferentes testis, ductus epididymidis, seminal vesicle and prostate was complexly coded by a combination of H, Se, Le and X genes. The results obtained in this study indicate that the ABH antigens detected on spermatozoa of seminal stains are coating antigens and not inherent to the cell membrane, and the ABO, H, Se, Le and X genes are subjected to a tissue-dependent differential expression.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 124
    ISSN: 1437-1596
    Schlagwort(e): Immunohistochemistry ; Collagen IV and VII ; Basement Membrane ; Wound Age ; Immunhistochemie ; Kollagen IV ; Kollagen VII ; Basalmembran ; Wundalter
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin , Rechtswissenschaft
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfasssung Es wurden 62 menschliche Hautwunden (Operationsnähte, chirurgisch versorgte Stich-und Riß-Quetsch-Wunden) untersucht. Neben Kollagen IV wurde in 27 Fällen zusätzlich Kollagen VII immunhistochemisch dargestellt. Es zeigte sich hierbei eine weitgehende Co-Verteilung von Kollagen IV und VII im Wundgebiet ohne daß relevante wundaltersabhängige Unterschiede bezüglich der Lokalisation im Bereich des Epithel-Defektes feststellbar waren. Basalmembran-Fragmente traten erstmals in 4 Tage alten Hautwunden auf. Frühestens 8 Tage nach Verletzung fanden wir eine komplette epidermale Basalmembran. Dies war in allen Präparaten mit einem Wundalter über 21 Tagen der Fall. Der Zeitraum zwischen dem B. und 21. Tag nach Wundsetzung war charakterisiert durch eine erhebliche Variabilität der Befunde mit teils kompletter, teils fragmentiert vorliegender, teils auch noch vollständig fehlender Basalmembran im Defekt-Bereich.
    Notizen: Summary In 62 human skin wounds (surgical wounds, stab wounds and lacerations after surgical treatment) we analyzed the immunohistochemical localization of collagen IV in the epithelial basement membrane. In 27 of these wounds the distribution of collagen VII, which represents a specific component of the basement membrane of stratified epithelia, was also analyzed. We were able to demonstrate a virtually identical co-distribution of both collagen IV and VII in the wound area with no significant time-dependent differences in the appearance of both collagen types. Fragments of the epithelial basement membrane could be detected in the wound area from as early as 4 days after wounding and after 8 days a complete restitution of the epithelial basement membrane was observed. In all cases with a wound age of more than 21 days the basement membrane was completely reformed over the former lesional area. The period between 8 and 21 days after wounding was characterized by a wide variability ranging from complete restitution to deposition of basement membrane fragments or total lack of the epidermal basement membrane.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 125
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    International journal of legal medicine 105 (1992), S. 99-103 
    ISSN: 1437-1596
    Schlagwort(e): Myofibroblasts ; Alpha-smooth muscle actin ; Desmin ; Immunohistochemistry ; Wound age ; Myofibroblasten ; Alpha-Aktin ; Desmin ; Immunhistochemie ; Wundalter
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin , Rechtswissenschaft
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung Es wurden 66 menschliche Hautwunden mit einem Wundalter zwischen 20 Stunden und 7 Monaten sowie komplikationsloser Wundheilung ausgewertet. Nach immunhistochemischer Darstellung von alpha-Aktin und Desmin wurde das zeitabhängige Auftreten positiv reagierender Myofibroblasten im Wundgebiet untersucht. Es zeigte sich hierbei, daß in Hautwunden mit einem Wundalter unter 5 Tagen keine positiv anfärbbaren Zellen zu beobachten waren. In 57% (25 von 44 Fällen) der Hautverletzungen, die zwischen 5 und 31 Tagen überlebt worden waren, fanden sich im Granulationsgewebe alpha-Aktin haltige Myofibroblasten. Besonders zahlreiche, positiv reagierende Zellen traten zwischen ca. 16 bis 31 Tagen nach Wundsetzung auf, konnten jedoch auch bereits in Hautwunden jüngeren Alters beobachtet werden. In 2 von 7 Fällen mit einem Wundalter zwischen 1 und 7 Monaten (29%) liesen sich ebenfalls alpha-Aktin positive Myofibroblasten im Wundgebiet nachweisen. Desmin-haltige Myofibroblasten konnten nicht beobachtet werden. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, daß alpha-Aktin positive Myofibroblasten bereits mit Ausbildung typischen Granulationsgewebes ab ca. dem 5. Tag nach Verletzung im Wundgebiet auftreten. Der Nachweis positiv reagierender Zellen im Wundgebiet läßt jedoch aufgrund der Variabilität der Befunde keine weitere Differenzierung des Wundalters zu. Da alpha-Aktin-positive Myofibroblasten im Untersuchungsgut auch noch in einer Hautwunde mit einem Alter von 2 Monaten und 13 Tagen beobachtet werden konnten, ist die im Tierexperiment gefundene maximale Nachweisbarkeitsdauer von 30 Tagen auf das Granulationsgewebe menschlicher Hautwunden nicht übertragbar.
    Notizen: Summary Human skin wounds (66) inflicted between 20 h and 7 months prior to biopsy were studied. In order to identify the type of cellular differentiation of the fibroblastic cells in the granulation tissue, alpha-smooth muscle actin and desmin were immunohistochemically localized. The value of any presumed time-dependent appearance and/or disappearance of positively stained cells was tested for the estimation of wound age. In skin specimens with a wound age less than 5 days (n =15) no typical granulation tissue had developed and no alpha-actin-positive myofibroblasts could be detected. The first appearance of positively reacting myofibroblasts was noted in a 5-day-old wound. In 57% of the lesions with a wound age between 5 and 31 days (25 out of 44 cases) typical granulation tissue formation was present and myofibroblasts with positive reaction for alpha-smooth muscle actin could be identified. Numerous positively reacting cells could generally be found in wounds aged between 16 and 31 days, but also in wounds less than 16 days old. In 29% of the cases with a wound age of more than 31 days (2 out of 7 cases) alpha-sma-positive myofibroblasts also occured. Fibroblastic cells positive for desmin could not be seen at all in our series. Our results demonstrate the appearance of alpha-sma-positive myofibroblasts with the initial formation of typical granulation tissue in human skin lesions as early as approximately 5 days after wounding. In contrast to recent experimental results these cells remained detectable in wounds aged more than 2 months in some cases. The immunohistochemical detection of actin-positive cells, therefore, demonstrates whether an unknown skin wound is aged approximately 5 days or more. Even though a time-dependent decrease of myofibroblasts in human granulation tissue after 31 days in human wounds seems probable, the extended presence (up to about 2 months) of these cells allows no further exact age determination of older wounds.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 126
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 249 (1992), S. 24-27 
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Schlagwort(e): Immune-mediated otitis media ; T-cell subsets ; Immunohistochemistry ; Mouse
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary To examine the role of T-cell subsets in immune-mediated otitis media with effusion induced by keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH), we used immuno-histochemical methods to investigate the kinetics of immunocytes of the middle ear (ME) and eustachian tube (ET) in healthy BALB/c mice. Antibodies against murine macrophages and granulocytes (anti-Mac-1), helper T cells (anti-Lyt-1), suppressor T cells (anti-Lyt-2), immunoglobulins (anti-IgG, -IgM, -IgA), secretory component (SC) and KLH were used. The ME exhibited a substantial immune response, whereas the response of the ET was minor and was associated with a secondary ME immune response. After KLH challenge, an effusion with an extensive infiltration of inflammatory cells (Mac-1, IgG+ and IgM+ cells) was observed at days 1 and 3 in the ME cavity and rapidly disappeared by day 7. Within the ME mucosa, a large number of cells was observed at days 1 and 3, peaking on day 7 when a submucosal lymphoid infiltration was detected. In the immune response of the ME mucosa, Mac-1 cells were the predominant cell type followed by helper T cells, IgG+ cells, IgA+ cells and then IgM+ cells. Suppressor T cells were rarely detected after KLH challenge. SC was present within ME epithelial cells from days 1 to 14. From these findings, we conclude (1) that the majority of infiltrating cells in the ME cavity originate from circulating blood; (2) that the ME mucosa has an excellent capacity to mount a strong immune response, including mucosal immunity, through the accumulation of immunocytes for antigen processing and antibody production; (3) that elimination of antigen appears to be the most important factor for returning the immune response to a quiescent state.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 127
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 249 (1992), S. 40-43 
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Schlagwort(e): Immunohistochemistry ; Tyrosine hydroxylase ; Sympathetic nerve ; Larynx-Dog
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The sympathetic innervation of the canine larynx was investigated using tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunohistochemistry. Many tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactive (TH-IR) nerve fibers were observed around arteries and arterioles in the laryngeal mucosa and intrinsic laryngeal muscles. In the glandular region, TH-IR fibers were also found, with some of these fibers terminating around the basement membranes of the glandular cells. The quantity of TH-IR fibers in the mucosa differed among regions of the larynx. Many of these fibers could be found in the laryngeal surface of the epiglottis as well as the posterior glottis. These findings suggest that TH-IR fibers may directly innervate muscles in the intrinsic larynx.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 128
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 249 (1992), S. 52-55 
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Schlagwort(e): Calcitonin gene-related peptide ; Canine larynx ; Immunohistochemistry
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Immunohistochemistry was used to investigate the distribution pattern of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) nerve fibers in the laryngeal mucosa, glands and intrinsic muscles of the dog. CGRP immunoreactive nerve fibers were found more frequently than substance P immunoreative nerve fibers in every region of the larynx. In the epithelia, CGRP nerve fibers were mainly found in the epiglottis, arytenoid region and subglottis. Many taste buds were observed in the arytenoid region and were densely innervated by the CGRP nerve fibers. In the lamina propria, the plexus of CGRP nerve fibers was present, with some of these fibers associated with blood vessels. Laryngeal glands were also innervated by a few CGRP nerve fibers. In the intrinsic laryngeal muscles, abundant immunoreactivity was observed and many motor end-plate-like structures were found with CGRP immunoreactivity. These findings strongly suggest that CGRP plays an important role in all of the sensory, motor and autonomic nervous systems of the larynx.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 129
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 249 (1992), S. 393-399 
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Schlagwort(e): Olfactory epithelia ; Olfactory disorder ; Immunohistochemistry ; Classification
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary We have previously demonstrated that human olfactory epithelia can be classified into five grades according to the degree of degeneration present in patients with various kinds of olfactory disorders. In practice, however, the occurrence of additional types of cell changes in other kinds of olfactory disorders and findings with immunohistochemical techniques have led us to re-evaluate our previous classification. In the present study, changes in olfactory epithelia from ten patients with various kinds of olfactory disorders are discussed and a revised classification is proposed. Microvillar and differentiating cells were also evaluated in the epithelium studied.
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  • 130
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 249 (1992), S. 87-90 
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Schlagwort(e): Cholesteatomas ; Macrophages ; Immunohistochemistry
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Since a heavy cellular infiltrate is seen in the stroma of most aural cholesteatomas, we attempted to characterize this cell population in more detail using monocyte/macrophage-specific monoclonal antibodies. KiM1+ (specific for CD 11c antigen, the 150kDa α-chain of a leukocyte integrin), and KiM6+ phagocytes were present in two- or fourfold higher numbers in the stroma of the six excised cholesteatomas than in the control tissues. Since the stroma of the cholesteatoma is devoid of microvessles, the typical perivascular localization of dermal macrophages was not seen in the cholesteatomas studied. The density of the macrophages in the normal ear skin was much higher in the upper dermis than in the lower dermis. In the cholesteatomatous specimens, the phagocytes were evenly scattered within the connective tissue and the cellular infiltrate. In contrast to diseased skin, no Mac 387+ macrophages were detected in the cholesteatomas. A great number of phagocytic cells closely resembling dermal macrophages was found in the stroma of the cholesteatomas and probably contributes to an active autoimmune process.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 131
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 249 (1992), S. 243-247 
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Schlagwort(e): Epidermal growth factor receptor expression ; Normal oral mucosa ; Dysplastic epithelia ; Squamous cell carcinomas ; Immunohistochemistry
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The expression of the receptor for epidermal growth factor (EGF) has been determined on oral squamous cell carcinomas. Immunoreactive receptor was localized using a monoclonal anti-EGF-receptor antibody which reacts with sequences in the external domain of the receptor. Frozen sections were studied from 40 patients with squamous cell carcinomas. In 16 sections from the patients with the squamous cell carcinomas, normal differentiated oral mucosa was included and in 7 of these the patients had received preoperative radiotherapy. Sections from 6 other patients with squamous cell carcinoma contained dysplastic epithelia. EGF-receptor-positive cells were present in the basal cell layer on normal differentiated oral mucosa. In sections from patients receiving preoperative radiotherapy the EGF-receptor-positive cells were also found in the spinous cells. In dysplastic epithelia nearly all cells stained for the receptor. The distribution and staining intensity of the EGF receptor varied in the oral squamous cell carcinomas, 36 were positive. The staining pattern in the carcinomas obtained from patients receiving preoperative radiotherapy was not altered qualitatively. Nearly all poorly differentiated cells were stained, but when the tumor was moderately to well differentiated a reduction in the extent of staining in certain areas was seen, paralleling the findings observed in the differentiated upper layers of the normal oral mucosa. This was most pronounced for the epithelial pearls, where the EGF-receptor-positive cells were localized to the undifferentiated cells in the periphery. The results of the present investigation confirm the presence of the EGF receptor on undifferentiated cells, with the extent of the staining reaction on oral squamous cell carcinomas varying inversely with cellular differentiation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 132
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 249 (1992), S. 385-388 
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Schlagwort(e): Regeneration ; Recurrent laryngeal nerve ; Immunohistochemistry
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) consists of various motor, sensory and autonomic nerve fibers, although it has not been established whether different neuronal types exhibit a similar ability to regenerate. To address this question, freezing was used to injure the cat RLN fibers and the presence or absence of immunoreactivity for neuropeptides or transmitter-synthesizing enzymes was then examined as a marker to classify the fibers. In the control RLN, calcitonin gene-related peptide-immunoreactive (CGRP-IR) fibers were the highest in number and were distributed throughout the nerve fascicles. The number of substance P-immunoreactive (SP-IR) fibers was about 40% that of CGRP-IR fibers, while a portion of CGRP-IR fibers was found to contain SP immunoreactivity. Relatively low numbers of tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive (TH-IR) and neuropeptide Y (NPY-IR) nerve fibers were seen which tended to form clusters. The distribution pattern of NPY-IR fibers was very similar to that of TH-IR fibers. In the regenerating RLN 1 week after the freezing injury, the fastest growing axons were CGRP-IR, while the regenerating rates of SP-IR, TH-IR and NPY-IR fibers were slower than that of CGRP-IR fibers. These results suggest that the ability for neurite regeneration varies among neuron types and that CGRP-IR fibers possess the most rapid ability to regenerate.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 133
    ISSN: 1432-136X
    Schlagwort(e): Stanniocalcin purification ; Amino acid sequencing ; Immunohistochemistry ; Intestinal Ca2+ influx ; Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) stanniocalcin was purified, partially identified and tested for bioactivity in an assay on the intestinal calcium uptake in a marine teleost (Gadus morhua). Basic ethanol extraction, ion exchange chromatography, gel filtration and reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography resulted in the isolation of a homogenous glycoprotein that appears as a 46-kDa product under non-reducing conditions and as a 23-kDa product under reducing conditions after sodium dodecylsulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The glycoprotein is likely to be a homodimer composed of two subunits of 23 kDa each. Further characterization indicates homology to Australian eel, sockeye salmon, coho salmon and rainbow trout stanniocalcin, and the glycoprotein is thus concluded to be stanniocalcin. Stanniocalcin-like immunoreactivity was demonstrated in the corpuscles of Stannius of the Atlantic cod, with a specific antiserum raised against purified chum salmon stanniocalcin. The physiological importance and the biological activity of chum salmon stanniocalcin was tested by evaluating its effect on intestinal calcium uptake by the Atlantic cod in vitro. The intestine was perfused, both vascularly and through the intestinal lumen, and the calcium mucosa-to-serosa flux was measured using 45Ca2+ as a tracer. Stanniocalcin decreased the intestinal calcium uptake in a dose-related manner by 13.5% and 22.4% at doses of 2.2 and 10.9 nM stanniocalcin, respectively. The results establish the intestine as a target organ for stanniocalcin in marine teleosts.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 134
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 234 (1992), S. 443-451 
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): p21ras ; ras ; Immunohistochemistry ; ABC ; Endoderm ; Rat embryo ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Expression of ras cellular oncogenes during the early postimplantation period in the rat was investigated using immunohistochemistry to p21ras was used in an indirect avidin-biotin-peroxidase (ABC) technique. Positive staining indicating the presence of p21ras was found in embryos from 6.5 to 12 days embryonic age. In early egg cylinders (6.5 days), positive staining for p21ras was observed on the ectoplacental cone, primitive ectoderm and trophectoderm, while primitive endoderm and parietal endoderm appeared paler. In later egg cylinder stages (7.5 days), strong positive staining was observed in the primitive embryonic ectoderm and ectoplacental cone, but parietal and visceral endoderm still appeared to be devoid of positive staining. As development proceeded during primitive streak stages, the visceral and parietal endoderm became positively stained. By 10 days, all tissues appeared to be positive for p21ras, with strong staining appearing in the heart and neural elements. Therefore, p21ras does not appear to be ubiquitous in the rat conceptus prior to gastrulation, but shows differential distribution, appearing later in endodermal derivatives. Possibly p21ras is involved in determination of the ectodermal and endodermal lineages.© Willey-Liss, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 135
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 234 (1992), S. 549-554 
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): Melatonin ; Harderian gland ; Immunohistochemistry ; Mink (Mustela vison) ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: In the Harderian gland of the female mink, either intact or killed after a bilateral ablation of the cervical superior ganglion, almost all of the cells of the alveoli were immunolabelled with anti-melatonin antiserum. Animals were killed during the day or during the night. The immunolabelling was observed only in the cytoplasm, while the nucleus remained unstained. Using successive dilutions of the antiserum on serial sections of the Harderian gland to qualitate the melatonin content, a circadian rhythm of melatonin immunoreactivity was observed. The intensity of immunofluorescence labelling was higher in intact animals killed during the day than in those killed during the night. These results could be explained by the inhibitory or stimulatory influence of pineal melatonin released during the night on melatonin synthesis or release in the Harderian gland, respectively. In the Harderian gland of ganglionectomized animals, the intensity of melatonin immunofluorescence was lower than in intact animals killed during the day. It is concluded that the Harderian gland might be involved in the perception of the day/night cycle and that melatonin synthesis/secretion was likely controlled by the cervical superior ganglion in this organ.© Willey-Liss, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 136
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 234 (1992), S. 587-592 
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): Dental pulp ; Intermediate filaments ; Actin filaments ; Immunohistochemistry ; Development ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: The localization of different cytoskeletal proteins (keratin, vimentin, desmin, actin, and α-smooth muscle actin) was examined by immunohistochemistry in normal human adult dental pulp and compared with dental papilla of tooth germs. Keratin and actin were localized in enamel organ. Vimentin and actin were observed in the dental papilla and in the adult dental pulp. Desmin and α-smooth muscle actin were present only in the vessel walls. These data are discussed paying particular attention to the origin and the peculiar functional characters of the dental papilla and pulp.© Willey-Liss, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 137
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 234 (1992), S. 391-398 
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): Dogs ; Immunohistochemistry ; Anal region ; Intermediate filaments ; Keratin ; Vimentin ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: The intermediate filament labeling pattern of the epithelial structures of the canine anal region was studied with different polypeptide specific keratin monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) and with a monoclonal and polyclonal vimentin antibody. The epithelial structures in this region could be discriminated and characterized by differences in their keratin staining pattern. The basal cells in the different epithelial structures showed a similar staining pattern characterized by reactivity with MoAbs staining keratins 5, 8, 14, and 17. Columnar epithelial cells showed a completely different phenotype mostly characterized by reactivity with MoAbs staining keratins 7, 5, 8, 18, and 19. A restricted number of differentiated perianal gland cells showed perinuclear vimentin staining. Myoepithelial cells did not stain for vimentin, but, as other basal cells, were positive for MoAbs staining keratins 5, 8, 14, and 17.© Willey-Liss, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 138
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Molecular Reproduction and Development 33 (1992), S. 165-171 
    ISSN: 1040-452X
    Schlagwort(e): Boar spermatozoa ; Immunohistochemistry ; Monoclonal antibody ; Seminal plasma ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Sperm coating proteins of 16, 17, and 19 kDa have been purified from boar seminal plasma. The 17 kDa protein has been identified as an antigen recognized by monoclonal antibody ACR.3 and is thus identical to low molecular mass zona pellucida binding protein from boar spermatozoa (Moos et al., 1990). The 17 and 19 kDa proteins are glycosylated and tend to form hetero-complexes. The 17 kDa ACR.3 antigen is sequentially released from the sperm cell surface during capacitation and, after induction of the acrosome reaction, the 16 kDa form was also observed. Immunocytochemical studies on boar reproductive tissues have suggested that the seminal vesicle epithelium may be the source of these proteins. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 139
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Molecular Reproduction and Development 32 (1992), S. 62-66 
    ISSN: 1040-452X
    Schlagwort(e): Mos ; Immunohistochemistry ; Western blot ; Basement membrane ; Stereocilia ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: An anti-Mos protein monoclonal antibody, 4A6, was used to investigate the distribution of the antigen in the epididymis, in which the c-mos gene is reportedly expressed. The 4A6-reactive antigen was found on the basement membrane and luminal surface of the epithelial cells in the caput epididymis of BALB/c male mice as well as in the proximal corpus epididymis, the cauda epididymis, and the vas deferens. The 4A6 antigen was also found on the luminal surface of the epithelial cells in the epididymis of male germ cell-deficient C57BL/6J-Wv/Wv mice. This confirmed that the 4A6 antigen does not derive entirely from the testicular c-Mos protein but is synthesized in the epididymis. Western blot analysis revealed that the molecular weight of the epididymal 4A6 antigen was 50 kDa, which is unusually high for the c-Mos protein. With its specific distribution in the epididymis, the protein should play a specific role in functions of the epididymis. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 140
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 193 (1992), S. 300-313 
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Schlagwort(e): Shell-less chick embryo culture ; In situ hybridization ; Immunohistochemistry ; TGF-β ; Extracellular matrix ; Mineralization ; Bone development ; Intramembranous ossification ; Chondrogenesis ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: The developmental process of intramembranous ossification involves bone formation directly from mesenchymal differentiation without a cartilage intermediate. We have previously observed that systemic calcium deficiency in the developing chick embryo, produced by long-term shell-less culture, results in the appearance of chondrocyte-like cells in the calvarium, a parietal bone which normally develops via intramembranous ossification. This investigation aims to analyze the mechanism underlying this calcium deficiency-related, aberrant appearance of cartilage phenotype in the chick embryonic calvarium. In view of the reported involvement of transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) in osteogenesis and chondrogenesis, we have examined and compared here the expression of TGF-β in the chick embryonic calvaria of normal (in ovo development, NL), shell-less (SL), and calcium-supplemented SL (SL + Ca) embryos. TGF-β expression was analyzed at the mRNA level by blot and in situ cDNA hybridization, and at the protein level by immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting. The results presented here indicate that: (1) TGF-β is expressed in the chick embryonic calvarium by both periosteal cells and osteocytes, as revealed by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry; (2) TGF-β expression is significantly increased in SL calvarium compared to NL calvarium, at both protein and mRNA levels; (3) the number of TGF-β expressing cells increases in the SL calvarium, particularly along the central, subcambial core region of the bone; and (4) exogenous calcium repletion to the SL embryo affects the expression of TGF-β such that the pattern approaches that in the NL embryo. Taken together, these results indicate that altered TGF-β expression accompanies the aberrant appearance of cartilage phenotype caused by systemic calcium deficiency. We postulate that normal cellular differentiation along the osteogenic pathway during embryonic intramembranous ossification is crucially dependent on regulated TGF-β expression. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 10 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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