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  • 1995-1999  (20)
  • 1985-1989  (18)
  • 1960-1964  (3)
  • 1810-1819
  • Biosynthesis
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thiamin biosynthesis in prokaryotes (1999)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 171 (1999), S. 293-300 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Key words Thiamin ; Biosynthesis ; Prokaryotes ; Transport ; Kinase ; Mechanism ; Structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Twelve genes involved in thiamin biosynthesis in prokaryotes have been identified and overexpressed. Of these, six are required for the thiazole biosynthesis (thiFSGH, thiI, and dxs), one is involved in the pyrimidine biosynthesis (thiC), one is required for the linking of the thiazole and the pyrimidine (thiE), and four are kinase genes (thiD, thiM, thiL, and pdxK). The specific reactions catalyzed by ThiEF, Dxs, ThiDM, ThiL, and PdxK have been reconstituted in vitro and ThiS thiocarboxylate has been identified as the sulfur source. The X-ray structures of thiamin phosphate synthase and 5-hydroxyethyl-4-methylthiazole kinase have been completed. The genes coding for the thiamin transport system (thiBPQ) have also been identified. Remaining problems include the cloning and characterization of thiK (thiamin kinase) and the gene(s) involved in the regulation of thiamin biosynthesis. The specific reactions catalyzed by ThiC (pyrimidine formation), and ThiGH and ThiI (thiazole formation) have not yet been identified.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002030050713
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression and biochemical characterisation of recombinant AceA, a bacterial α-mannosyltransferase (1999)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 261 (1999), S. 933-940 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Key words Bacterial polysaccharide ; Glycosyltransferase ; Acetan ; Acetobacter xylinum ; Biosynthesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Biosynthesis of repeat-unit polysaccharides and N-linked glycans proceeds by sequential transfer of sugars from the appropriate sugar donor to an activated lipid carrier. The transfer of each sugar is catalysed by a specific glycosyltransferase. The molecular basis of the specificity of sugar addition is not yet well understood, mainly because of the difficulty of isolating these proteins. In this study, the aceA gene product expressed by Acetobacter xylinum, which is involved in the biosynthesis of the exopolysaccharide acetan, was overproduced in Escherichia coli and its function was characterised. The aceA ORF was subcloned into the expression vector pET29 in frame with the S·tag epitope. The recombinant protein was identified, and culture conditions were optimised for production of the soluble protein. The results of test reactions showed that AceA is able to transfer one α-mannose residue from GDP-mannose to cellobiose-P-P-lipid to produce α-mannose-cellobiose-P-P-lipid. AceA was not able to use free cellobiose as a substrate, indicating that the pyrophosphate-lipid moiety is needed for enzymatic activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004380051040
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The biosynthetic relationship between littorine and hyoscyamine in transformed roots of Datura stramonium (1998)
    Springer
    Plant cell reports 18 (1998), S. 341-345 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Keywords: Key wordsDatura stramonium ; Tropane alkaloids ; Hyoscyamine ; Biosynthesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The metabolic relationship between littorine and hyoscyamine has been monitored in transformed roots of Datura stramonium. Quantification by GC of unlabelled littorine and by GCMS of 13C-labelled littorine demonstrated that exogenously added littorine (0.1 mm) was significantly metabolised (35%) to hyoscyamine. In contrast, exogenously added hyoscyamine was not metabolised to littorine, indicating that this conversion is irreversible. The conversion of littorine to hyoscyamine was suppressed by P-450 oxidase inhibitors (particularly clotrimazole), implicating the involvement, at least in part of a cytochrome P-450 activity operating hyoscyamine biosynthesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002990050583
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Formation of optically active neolignans from achiral coniferyl alcohol by cell-free extracts of Eucommia ulmoides (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of wood science 44 (1998), S. 244-246 
    Details
    ISSN: 1611-4663
    Keywords: Biosynthesis ; Neolignan ; Lignan ; Guaiacylglycerol-β-coniferyl ether ; Eucommia ulmoides
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00521971
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measurement of patient compliance. (1998)
    Springer
    Pharmacy world & science 20 (1998), S. 93-99 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-739X
    Keywords: ACE inhibitors ; Angiotensins ; Biological actions ; Biosynthesis ; Recptors ; Review ; Tissue renin ; Angiotensin systems
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Recent developments in our knowledge of the renin‐angiotensin system (RAS) necessitate an update of the classical view on this system. These developments pertain to the pathways leading to formation of angiotensin II and other active metabolites, their receptors, biological functions and the presence of renin‐angiotensin systems in tissues. The implications of the above new developments for the current interest in tissue renin‐angiotensin systems as potential targets for drug therapy in cardiovascular disease are discussed in this review.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008621913932
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distribution and subcellular localization of a lysosome-associated protein in human genital organs (1997)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 287 (1997), S. 335-342 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: Lysosomal membrane antigen ; Immunohistochemistry ; Biosynthesis ; Prostate-membrane-specific antigen ; Apocrine secretion ; Human
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The tissue distribution, preferentially in the human male genital system, and the subcellular localization of the lysosome-associated membrane protein 2 (lamp 2) was studied immunohistochemically using a mouse monoclonal antibody, 2D5. Strong immunoreactivity was present in the tubular system of the kidney, in acinar cells of salivary glands and pancreas, prostate, mammary glands, placenta and in cutaneous sweat glands. Moderate immunoreactivity was observed in cerebral neuronal cells, epidermal cells, testis, epididymis, seminal vesicle and endometrium. Very low immunoreactivity was found in liver. In some of the tissues mentioned, the distribution pattern of immunoreactivity is smooth and homogeneous, while in others it is granular and concentrated in the supra- or perinuclear cytoplasm. The subcellular distribution was studied on ultracryosections and on pre-embedding-processed chopper sections of human prostate. In the latter gland, the protein is not restricted to epithelium, but is also present in stromal cells. Ultrastructurally, the immunoreactivity in secretory cells was localized in electron-translucent vacuoles and granules, including the secretory granules. A close association with cell membranes was not generally the case. Only part of the immunoreactive material was linked to the apical plasma membrane pointing to a biosynthesis independent from an association step with the apical plasma membrane. As shown by immunoelectron microscopy and Western blotting, a high amount of lamp 2 is secreted and is found in so-called prostasomes. The findings indicate that in the human prostate most of the membrane-bound lamp 2 is released from the secretory cells, presumably in an apocrine fashion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410050758
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Recent advances in caffeine and theobromine toxicities: a review (1997)
    Springer
    Plant foods for human nutrition 51 (1997), S. 231-243 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-9104
    Keywords: Biosynthesis ; Caffeine ; Theobromine ; Toxicity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Caffeine and theobromine are purine alkaloids widely consumed as stimulants and snacks in coffee and cocoa based foods and most often as part of ingredients in drugs. Man has enjoyed a long history of consumption of caffeine and theobromine. Recent interest in these two alkoloids, however, is centered on their potential reproductive toxicities. Caffeine and theobromine are now known to cross the placental and blood brain barrier thus potentially inducing fetal malformation by affecting the expression of genes vital in development. The developing fetus may not have developed enzymes for detoxification of these methylxanthine alkaloids via demethylation. There is a need, therefore, to protect the conceptus against ‘insults’ from teratogens of this nature. Apart from its reproductive toxicity, the presence of caffeine and theobromine in cocoa could limit its potentials as a nourishing food. This is an issue that needs to be addressed by nutritionists and the food industry at large. This paper discusses the natural sources, consumption and uses, toxicity and the major advances in the reproductive toxicology of caffeine and theobromine. The biosynthesis of these compounds in plants, metabolism in mammalian systems and the involvement of cytochrome P450 are reviewed and summarized. Evidence in favor of the toxicity of these compounds in experimental animals is presented with emphasis on the implications of these findings in humans. The paper concludes with a call for caution in the use of caffeine and theobromine pending further and more elaborate investigations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007976831684
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis of a Central Intermediate in the Biosynthesis of Di- and TrideoxysugarsDedicated to Professor Gottfried Huttner on the occasion of his 60th birthday. (1997)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1997 (1997), S. 1907-1914 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-3440
    Keywords: Nucleoside diphosphate sugars, synthesis ; Biosynthesis ; Deoxysugars ; Glycosyl phosphites ; Glycosyl phosphates ; Carbohydrates ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The synthesis of disodium (6-deoxy-α-D-ribo-hexopyran-3-ulosyl) (2′-deoxythymidin-5′-yl) diphosphate (1) is described. To this end, D-glucose is transformed into known furanose derivative 2 possessing a 3-C-methylene group as latent functionality for 3-ulose generation. From 2, 3,6-dideoxy derivative 6 was synthesized; ensuing acid catalyzed cleavage of the 1,2-O-isopropylidene group and then O-acetylation furnished the required pyranose 8α,β, which could be selectively deacetylated at the anomeric oxygen to afford 9α,β. Treatment with phosphitylating agent 13e and then oxidation led to dibenzylphosphate derivative 15e which could be chemoselectively debenzylated by hydrogenolysis without affecting the olefinic double bond (→ 17); de-O-acetylation and then ozonolysis afforded the unprotected phosphate intermediates 18 and 19, respectively. Both compounds could be successfully used for the synthesis of 1 by employing the nucleoside phosphate morpholidate procedure for the generation of nucleoside diphosphate sugars. Ozone cleavage of the olefinic double bond in 20 could be successfully performed even in the presence of the thymine moiety.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jlac.199719970916
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Antibiotics from Gliding Bacteria, LXXX.See ref. [1] Chivosazoles A-F: Novel Antifungal and Cytotoxic Macrolides from Sorangium cellulosum (myxobacteria)Dedicated to Professor Dr. Hans Paulsen on the occasion of his 75th birthday. (1997)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1997 (1997), S. 1725-1732 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-3440
    Keywords: Antibiotics ; Sorangium cellulosum ; Macrolides ; Chivosazole ; Biosynthesis ; Natural products ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The myxobacterial metabolites chivosazole A (1) and its variants (2-6) were discovered in Sorangium cellulosum, strain So ce12, which simultaneously provides the broad spectrum antibiotic sorangicin as well as the sorangiolides and disorazoles. The antifungal and cytotoxic chivosazoles (1-6) are novel glycosides of 6-deoxyglucopyranose derivatives and an aglycon that includes an oxazole in its 31-membered macrolide ring. The aglycon itself, chivosazole F (7), was formed by strain So ce885 and showed similar activity antibiotic and cytotoxic.The biogenetic origin of the structural elements in chivosazole F (7) was studied by feeding experiments with [1-13C]-, [1,2-13C]acetate, [methyl-13C]methionine and [1-13C]serine. Accordingly, the aglycon 7 is a polyketide assembled by condensation of nine acetate units, one serine unit and a further seven acetate units. While C-1 of serine is part of the macrolide ring, the amido to hydroxyl part of the serine together with C-1 of the adjacent N-acetyl unit form the 1,3-oxazole ring. C- and O-methyl groups are derived from methionine.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jlac.199719970814
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biosynthesis of Vitamin B1 (Thiamin): An Instance of Biochemical Diversity (1997)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 36 (1997), S. 1032-1046 
    Details
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: biosynthesis ; enzymes ; NMR spectroscopy ; vitamins ; Biosynthesis ; NMR spectroscopy ; Vitamins ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The elucidation of the biosynthetic pathway to thiamin (Vitamin B1) and its pyrophosphate ester, the important coenzyme “cocarboxylase”, has challenged researchers for many years and continues to do so. The problem of the origin of thiamin can be separated into three parts: the independent pathways to the pyrimidine moiety 4-amino-5-hy-droxymethyl-2-methylpyrimidine and to the thiazole moiety 5-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-methylthiazole, and the route from these subunits to the vitamin. The steps in the latter process were fully established some twenty years ago, and it was shown that the route in aerobic bacteria and yeast differs to some extent from that in enteric bacteria. The pathways to the subunits, on the other hand, are still not clarified. Significant differences exist in the routes whereby each of the two subunits, the pyrimidine moiety and the thiazole moiety, originate in bacteria and yeast. One difficulty that delayed progress was that the incorporation patterns of labeled precursors, which were observed by different research groups in different microorganisms, could not be reconciled on the basis of a single pathway to each of the two subunits. It is now accepted that in each case different pathways exist in enteric bacteria and yeast, and that the biosynthesis of Vitamin B1 represents an instance of biochemical diversity. A second factor that added to the difficulties is the minute amount of thiamin synthesized in microbiological cultures (about 15 μg per L culture). This limited the investigations until very recently either to the use of radioactive tracers or to the use of stable isotopes in conjunction with mass spectrometric analysis. It is widely recognized that both methods are associated with pitfalls in the interpretation of results. High-field 13C NMR, the most powerful modern method available for the determination of incorporation patterns, has only very recently been successfully employed in investigations of thiamin biosynthesis. As a result of the conceptual and experimental problems, even the primary precursors of each of the two relatively simple heterocyclic subunits of thiamin are still not completely established. A search for committed intermediates, the study of the enzymes, and identification of the genes that are involved are the matter of current research.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.199710321
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differential requirements for Ca2+ concentrations for catecholamine release and biosynthesis in isolated bovine adrenal chromaffin cells (1996)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 353 (1996), S. 596-598 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Biosynthesis ; Release ; Catecholamine ; Calcium ion ; Chromaffin cell
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Differential effects of [Ca2+] on catecholamine release and biosynthesis in isolated bovine adrenal chromaffin cells were investigated. Carbamylcholine, an agonist of the nicotinic and muscarinic acetylcholine receptor, or Na+ deprivation in the incubation medium, stimulated catecholamine release and biosynthesis in these cells. The concentrations of extracellular [Ca2+] which stimulate catecholamine biosynthesis were less than those which stimulate catecholamine release. An increase in intracellular levels of free Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) induced by Na+ deprivation was dependent on extracellular [Ca2+]. These results indicate that, in bovine adrenal chromafn cells, catecholamine biosynthesis is regulated by lower levels of [Ca2+]i than is catecholamine release.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00169182
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preparation of Site-Specific Isotopically Labelled Zervamicins, the Antibiotic Peptaibols Produced by Emericellopsis Salmosynnemata (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Peptide Science 2 (1996), S. 341-350 
    Details
    ISSN: 1075-2617
    Keywords: Biosynthesis ; deuterium ; nitrogen 15 ; positive ion FAB mass spectrometry ; ion channel-forming peptide ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A simple procedure for the preparation of the specifically labelled peptide antibiotic zervamicins IC, IIA and IIB has been developed. The zervamicin molecules are labelled with stable isotopes by culturing the Emericellopsis salmosynnemata on a well-defined synthetic medium containing the highly isotopically enriched amino acid. To obtain the peptide with the specifically and highly enriched amino acid residue, precautions have been taken to prevent any de novo biosynthesis of the particular amino acid from unlabelled precursors. The enrichment of the labelled peptide is determined by mass spectrometric analysis. Following this method we have incorporated [2′,4′, 5′,6′,7′-2H5]-L-Trp-1, [1′-15N]-L-Trp-1 and [2′, 3′,4′,5′,6′-2H5]-L- Phl-16 into zervamicins IC, IIA and IIB on the preparative scale and without scrambling of the label. Thus, using the procedures described, isotopically labelled zervamicins can be prepared, allowing them to be studied by solid- state NMR.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/psc.72
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Potentiation of the respiratory burst of human neutrophils by cycloheximide: Regulation of reactive oxidant production by a protein(s) with rapid turnover (1995)
    Springer
    Inflammation research 44 (1995), S. 158-163 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Keywords: NADPH oxidase ; Receptors ; Biosynthesis ; Phagocytosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Incubation of human neutrophils with the protein biosynthesis inhibitor cycloheximide for ≥ 90 min results in a decreased ability to generate reactive oxidants during the respiratory burst. This implies that active protein biosynthesis is required to sustain the ability of these cells to generate reactive oxidants. However, short term incubation of neutrophils (40–60min) with either cycloheximide or puromycin results in a significant increase in oxidase activity stimulated by either fMet-Leu-Phe (〉60%) or by leukotriene B4 (〉30%). However, after incubation for 40–60 min with these inhibitors of protein biosynthesis, the respiratory burst stimulated by PMA was unaffected whilst that stimulated by the particulate stimuli opsonised zymosan or latex beads was significantly inhibited. The enhanced oxidase activity stimulated by the soluble agonists was not explained by changes in receptor expression, alterations in intracellular Ca2+ levels or by enhanced degranulation. These results suggest that oxidase activity stimulated by soluble agonists in neutrophils is normally regulated by a short-lived, actively-synthesised protein(s).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01782813
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biosynthesis of pseudoisoeugenols in tissue cultures ofPimpinella anisum (1995)
    Springer
    Pharmacy world & science 17 (1995), S. 113-119 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-739X
    Keywords: Biosynthesis ; Cell-free system ; Cinnamic acid 4-hydroxylase ; Enzyme activity ; Pimpinella anisum ; Phenylpropanoids ; Phenylalanine ammonia lyase ; Pseudoisoeugenols ; Tissue culture
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The genusPimpinella contains pseudoisoeugenols, phenylpropanoids with a rare 2,5-dioxy substitution pattern on the phenyl ring. To study the biosynthesis of these compounds, we set up a leaf-differentiating tissue culture ofPimpinella anisum. These cultures mainly produce epoxy-pseudoisoeugenol-(2-methylbutyrate). To corroborate the biosynthetic pathway of epoxy-pseudoisoeugenol-(2-methylbutyrate) as proposed on the basis of investigations with13C/14C-labelled precursors, the key steps of the pathway were investigated at an enzyme level. Experiments with cell-free homogenates clearly revealed that L-phenylalanine is converted to (E)-cinnamic acid by phenylalanine ammonia lyase and that (E)-cinnamic acid is converted top-coumaric acid by cinnamic acid 4-hydroxylase. L-2-aminooxy-3-phenylpropionic acid, an analogue of L-phenylalanine, inhibited the incorporation of L-[3′-13C]phenylalanine into epoxy-pseudoisoeugenol-(2-methylbutyrate). Up to 2% of the precursor DL-[3′-13C]phenyllactate was incorporated into epoxy-pseudoisoeugenol-(2-methylbutyrate). Inhibition experiments with oxalacetic acid clearly showed that cinnamic acid is not formed by dehydration of phenyllactic acid in this leaf-differentiating tissue culture ofP. anisum.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01872387
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biosynthesis of ascorbic acid in germinating rapeseed cultivars (1995)
    Springer
    Plant foods for human nutrition 47 (1995), S. 63-70 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-9104
    Keywords: Asorbic acids ; Biosynthesis ; Germinating ; Rapeseed
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Biosynthesis of ascorbic acid in irradiated and unirradiated germinating rapeseed cultivars was studied at ambient room temperature (20–35 °C). Appreciable quantities of ascorbic acid (19.8–24.1 mg/100 g) were detected in the seeds and synthesis of this vitamin increased significantly (three fold) with increasing germination time depending upon rapeseed cultivars (p〈0.05). Soaking of seeds in tap water (1:2) for 24 hours resulted in the decrease of the vitamin in each case. Among the radiation treatments (0.05–0.20 kGy), maximum amounts of ascorbic acid were found in 0.10 kGy (342.1 mg/100 g dry weight) and 0.15 kGy (113.8 mg/100 g wet weight) samples after 96 hours of germination. An overall significant linear relation (r=0.96) was observed between vitamin biosynthesis and germination time upto 96 hours in rapeseed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01088168
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cell and tissue cultures of Catharanthus roseus: A literature survey (1995)
    Springer
    Plant cell, tissue and organ culture 42 (1995), S. 1-25 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5044
    Keywords: Biosynthesis ; Catharanthus roseus ; cell culture ; indole alkaloids ; large-scale production ; review ; tissue culture
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The literature concerning the regulation and the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites in cell and tissue cultures of Catharanthus roseus is reviewed. The aim of this review is to summarise the progress achieved since the previous review of this subject from 1988 to December 1993. Several factors influencing the production of indole alkaloids are discussed. Special attention is given to large-scale cultivation methods. Some economic considerations on the production of ajmalicine are also discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00037677
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biosynthesis of the storage polysaccharide from the snail Biomphalaria glabrata, identification and specificity of a branching β1→6 galactosyltransferase (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 165 (1995), S. 278-290 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-136X
    Keywords: Biosynthesis ; Polysaccharide ; Galactan ; Galactosyltransferase ; Snail, Biomphalaria
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Adult snails synthesize in their albumen glands a storage polysaccharide called galactan which is utilized by the developing embryos. With [6-3H]-uridine 5′diphosphogalactose the incorporation of labelled d-galactose into the polysaccharide can be traeed in freshly removed glands maintained in a bathing buffer. After centrifugation of homogenized glands, galactosyltrasferase activity is only found in the insoluble fraction. Chaps extracts of this material retain almost all of their activity and can be used for comparison of the incorporation rates into different native galactans or in various oligosaccharides. A highly efficient β-(1→6) galactosyltransferase was detected when methyl 3-O-(β-d-galactopyranosyl)-β-d-galactopyranoside was offered as acceptor. The substitution at the penultimate residue resulted in a branched trisaccharide as demonstrated by 1H-NMR-spectroscopy and permethylation analysis of the reaction product. Comparable results were obtained with various oligosaccharides containing an internal galactose unit glycosidically linked β1→3. Attempts to separate and purify the various enzymes involved resulted in the isolation of a fraction which is able to transfer d-Gal exclusively to native galactan, but not to oligosaccharides. A further fraction was obtained from a different resin with activity for native galactan and 6-O-(β-d-galactopyranosyl)-d-galactopyranose. but without any for methyl-3-O-(β-d-galactopyranosyl)-β-d-galactopyranose. It is thus concluded that at least three different enzymes are involved in the biosynthesis of this snail galactan.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00367311
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Metabolic products of microorganisms, 271. Momofulvenone A and B, new benzo[b]fluorene quinones from Streptomyces (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1995 (1995), S. 1169-1172 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-3440
    Keywords: Momofulvenone ; Metabolites, secondary ; Benzo[b]fluorene quinone ; Biosynthesis ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: From the cultures of Streptomyces diastatochromogenes (strain Tü 2895) two novel benzo[b]fluorene quinones, named momofulvenone A (1) and B (2), were isolated. Difficulties in their spectroscopic characterization due to salt effects were overcome by fermentation in the presence of ammonium acetate. The structures were established by a detailed spectroscopic analysis. The polyketide origin of 1 and 2 was verified by feeding [1,2-13C2]acetate to the growing cultures of Tü 2895. The momofulvenones represent the nitrogen-free parent compound of the kinamycin family of antibiotics.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jlac.1995199507158
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Antibiotics from Gliding Bacteria, LXIII. Ratjadone: A New Antifungal Metabolite from Sorangium cellulosum (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1995 (1995), S. 685-688 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-3440
    Keywords: Antibiotics ; Sorangium cellulosum ; Myxobacteria ; Antifungal agent ; Biosynthesis ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The antifungal metabolite ratjadone (1) was isolated from the myxobacterium Sorangium cellulosum, strain So ce360. Production was achieved by fermentation in the presence of the adsorber resin XAD-16, extraction and separation by RP chromatography. The structure of 1 was determined by spectroscopic methods. It is characterized by a 4-hydroxytetrahydropyran and a 5,6-dihydropyran-2-one ring which are connected by an unsaturated C11 carbon chain. The polyketide origin of 1 was proven by feeding experiments with 13C-labeled precursors and NMR spectroscopic examinations.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jlac.199519950497
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vitamin B12: How the Problem of Its Biosynthesis Was Solved (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 34 (1995), S. 383-411 
    Details
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: bioorganic chemistry ; biosynthesis ; vitamin B12 ; Vitamin B12 ; Biosynthesis ; Bioorganic chemistry ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Vitamin B12 is an essential vitamin for human health, and lack of it leads to pernicious anemia. This biological activity has attracted intense interest for some time; in addition, the complex architecture of the B12 molecule has fascinated chemists and biochemists since its discovery as the first natural organocobalt complex and the establishment of its structure by X-ray analysis. The organic ligand surrounding the cobalt displays many stereogenic centers along its periphery carrying reactive functional groups. This complexity led vitamin B12 to be rightly regarded as an extreme challenge to the synthetic chemist. Yet microorganisms achieve this synthesis in vivo with complete control of regio- and stereochemistry. How do they do it? This review tells the full remarkable story. Success in unraveling this biosynthetic puzzle resulted from a collaborative effort by biologists and chemists using the full range of methods available from their disciplines-from genetics at one end of the spectrum to synthesis and NMR spectroscopy at the other. This work can act as a guide for future research on the biosynthesis of yet more complex natural substances.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.199503831
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Further studies on the biosynthesis of the avermectins (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 4 (1989), S. 231-237 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: Avermectin ; Streptomyces avermitilis ; Biosynthesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary The biosynthesis of avermectins was studied further inStreptomyces avermitilis MA5502 by feeding experiments with labeled precursors.13C-NMR analysis of the compounds biosynthesized from [2-13C]acetate, [1,2-13C2]acetate, [3-13C]propionate and [2,3-13C2]propionate confirmed that the aglycone of avermectins is made from seven intact acetate and five propionate units. Feeding experiments with [1-13C]2-methylbutyrate and [1-13C]isobutyrate have shown that 2-methylbutyrate and isobutyrate are immediate precursors of the starter units of the polyketide chains of avermectin ‘a’ and ‘b’ components, respectively. The3H/14C doublelabeling experiments suggest that the two oleandrose moieties are derived from glucose.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01574080
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biosynthesis of nicotianamine in the suspension-cultured cells of tobacco (Nicotiana megalosiphon) (1989)
    Springer
    BioMetals 2 (1989), S. 142-145 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8773
    Keywords: Nicotianamine ; Phytosiderophore ; Mugineic acid ; Biosynthesis ; Nicotiana
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Seven kinds of suspension cell cultures from five species ofNicotiana were screened for the occurrence of nicotianamine. Nicotianamine was detected in the cultured cells ofN. megalosiphon andN. plumbaginifolia.l-[l-14C]Methionine, which is the precursor of the mugineic-acid-family phytosiderophores and nicotianamine in barley plants, was incorporated into nicotianamine by the cultured cells ofN. megalosiphon both in vivo and in vitro. The advantage of the cultured tobacco cells for the study of the biosynthesis of nicotianamine and the mugineic-acid-family phytosiderophores is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01142552
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  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Antibiotika aus Gleitenden Bakterien, XXXIX. Biosynthese von Sorangicin A in Sorangium cellulosum, So ce12 (1989)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1989 (1989), S. 309-313 
    Details
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Sorangicin ; Biosynthesis ; [13C]Acetates ; [13C]Methionine ; [13C]Carbonate ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Antibiotics from Gliding Bacteria, XXXIX1). - Biosynthesis of Sorangicin A in Sorangium cellulosum, So ce12The biogenesis of sorangicin A (1) was studied by feeding experiments with single and doubly labeled [13C]acetates as well as sodium [13C]hydrogencarbonate and [methyl-13C]methionine. Accordingly, 1 is assembled by linear condensation of twenty acetate units onto a malonate starter unit, which is completely preserved in 1. The carboxy group of the malonyl-CoA ester, identical with C-1 in 1, is labeled by [13C]carbonate or by carbon originating from [1-13C]acetate. The four methyl groups in 1 are derived from methionine.
    Notes: Die Biogenese von Sorangicin A (1) wurde durch Verfüttern von einfach und doppelt 13C-markierten Acetaten sowie von [13C]Natriumhydrogencarbonat und [Methyl-13C]Methionin untersucht. Demnach wird 1 durch lineare Kondensation von zwanzig Acetateinheiten an einen Malonatstarter aufgebaut, der vollständig in 1 enthalten ist. Die Carboxylgruppe des Malonyl-Co-A-esters, identisch mit C-1 in 1, wird durch [13C]Carbonat oder durch Kohlenstoff aus [1-13C]Acetat markiert. Die vier Methylgruppen in 1 stammen aus Methionin.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jlac.198919890155
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  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biosynthetic response of cartilage explants to dynamic compression (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Orthopaedic Research 7 (1989), S. 619-636 
    Details
    ISSN: 0736-0266
    Keywords: Biosynthesis ; Cartilage ; Chondrocyte ; Compression ; Biomechanics ; Life and Medical Sciences
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The biosynthetic response of calf articular cartilage explants to dynamic compression was examined over a wide range of amplitudes, waveforms, and frequencies. Glycosaminoglycan synthesis was assessed by 35S-sulfate incorporation, and amino acid uptake and protein synthesis were assessed by 3H-proline incorporation. Two culture chambers were designed to allow uniaxial radially unconfined compression and mechanical testing of cartilage disks: one chamber was used inside a standard incubator; the other was used with a mechanical spectrometer and allowed load and displacement to be monitored during compression. Dynamic stiffness measurements of 3-mm diameter disks identified a characteristic frequency [0.001 Hz (cycles/sec)] that separated low- and high-frequency regimes in which different flow and deformation phenomena predominated; e.g., at 0.0001-0.001 Hz, significant fluid was exuded from cartilage disks, whereas at 0.01-1 Hz, hydrostratic pressure increased within disks. At the higher frequencies, oscillatory strains of only ∼1-5% stimulated 3H-proline and 35S-sulfate incorporation by ∼20-40%. In contrast, at the lower frequencies (a) compressions of 〈5% had no effect, consistent with the dosimetry of biosynthetic inhibition by static compression (∼25% compression caused a ∼20% inhibition of radiolabel incorporation), and (b) higher amplitudes (cycling between disk thicknesses of 1.25 and 0.88-1.00 mm) stimulated 3S-sulfate incorporation by ∼20-40%, consistent with the kinetics of response to a single 2-h compression and release. None of the compression protocols was associated with detectable alterations in (e.g., compression-induced depletion of) total glycosaminoglycan content. This study provides a framework for identifying both the physical and biological mechanisms by which dynamic compression can modulate chondrocyte biosynthesis. In addition, the culture and compression methodology potentially allows in vitro evaluation of clinical strategies of continuous passive motion therapy to stimulate cartilage remodeling.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jor.1100070502
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  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isolation and characterization of ferritin from the hepatopancreas of the musselMytilus edulis (1988)
    Springer
    BioMetals 1 (1988), S. 106-111 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8773
    Keywords: Ferritin ; Mytilus edulis ; Hepatopancreas ; Fe metabolism ; Biosynthesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The main iron-binding protein in the hepatopancreas of the musselMytilus edulis, which had been previously iron-loaded by exposure to carbonyl iron (spheres of elemental iron less than 5 μm diameter), has been isolated to electrophoretic purity and identified as ferritin. This ferritin hasM r, of 480000, pI of 4.7–5.0 and is composed of two subunits,M r 18500 andM r 24600. Under the electron microscope, it appears as electron-dense iron cores of average diameter 5 nm surrounded by a polypeptide shell to a final average overall diameter of 11 nm. The purified protein contains, on average, 200 iron atoms/molecule protein. On immunodiffusion,M. edulis hepatopancreas ferritin gives a partial cross-reaction with antiserum to horse spleen ferritin and lamprey (Geotria australis) liver ferritin but does not react with antiserum to chiton (Acanthopleura hirtosa) haemolymph ferritin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01138068
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  • 26
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cloning, sequencing and analysis of the yeastS. uvarum ERG10 gene encoding acetoacetyl CoA thiolase (1988)
    Springer
    Current genetics 13 (1988), S. 471-478 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Ergosterol ; Biosynthesis ; Saccharomyces uvarum ; Regulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary TheERG10 gene specific toS. uvarum, a brewing yeast, has been cloned by complementation of anS. cerevisiae erg10 mutant.S. uvarum contains two differentERG10 genes. One of these is similar to theS. cerevisiae ERG10 gene; they are structurally different, but functionally homologous. The clonedERG10 gene has been located on chromosome XVI, and we have shown that it is allelic to the previously isolatedtsm0115 mutants. Northern blot and sequence analysis indicate that theERG10 gene is highly expressed, and biochemical and genetic evidence show that it encodes the cytoplasmic acetoacetyl CoA thiolase.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02427752
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  • 27
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biosynthesis of pyrimidine nucleotides and level of cytochrome P-450 in rat liver and kidney after clofibrate administration (an in vivo study) (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 114 (1988), S. 59-63 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Keywords: Biosynthesis ; Pyrimidine nucleotides ; Cytochrome P-450 ; Clofibrate ; Kidney
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Like other lipid-soluble xenobiotics, clofibrate (ethyl-2-(4-chlorophenoxy)-2-methylpropanoate) increased the level of microsomal cytochrome P-450 in liver and decreased the utilization of 14C-orotic acid for the synthesis of hepatic cytidine nucleotides. This phenomenon was associated with the increased (a) uptake of 14C-cytidine, (b) total content of cytidine components of the acid-soluble extract and (c) utilization of this nucleoside for the synthesis of RNA. No changes were observed in uridine components. Clofibrate also increased the level of cytochrome P-450 in kidney microsomes; the degree of induction was almost the same as in the liver. The variations of renal pyrimidine metabolism after administration of the drug were analogous to those observed in the liver.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00390486
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  • 28
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    Electronic Resource
    Biosynthesis of acyclic methyl branched polyunsaturated hydrocarbons inPseudomonas maltophilia (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 2 (1988), S. 337-348 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: Biosynthesis ; Fatty acid ; Hydrocarbon ; Lipid ; Pseudomonas
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary The hydrocarbon composition ofPseudomonas maltophilia was determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Mono-, di- and tri-unsaturated alkenes were identified with a predominance of polyunsaturated components. The carbon chains of the alkenes contained single methyl branches iniso andanteiso position and double methyl branches in theiso-iso andanteiso-anteiso configurations. The composition of the hydrocarbons from cells grown in synthetic media enriched with amino acids or volatile fatty acids demonstrated that the probable precursors incorporated into individual hydrocarbons were branched and normal fatty acid chains in the range from C3 to C16. The probable fatty acid precursors which were connected together to form the major triunsaturated hydrocarbon chains were two monounsaturated chains, whereas the major liunsaturated chains resulted from condensation of saturated and monounsaturated chains. The probable precursors for the major monounsaturated hydrocarbons were C14 (C15) and C16 (C15) fatty acids. The accumulation of hydrocarbons was not detected until the cells were in the late exponential phase of growth; the maximal levels were reached at the mid-stationary phase of growth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01569572
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  • 29
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Deglycosylation of a lectin intermediate during assembly of ConA (1988)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 147 (1988), S. 113-116 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Lectin ; Concanavalin A ; Biosynthesis ; Glycosylation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Metabolic labelling of immature jackbeans (Canavalia ensiformis) has been used in a pulse-chase study to determine changes in the glycosylation pattern of polypeptides during the assembly of Concanavalin A. In an analysis that allowed the identification of 7 intermediates, only the first precursor form of the lectin was labelled with D-[U-14C]-glucosamine. These results indicate that processing of the lectin involves a novel deglycosylation event in which an N-linked oligosaccharide is removed from a protein in the absence of proteolysis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01403338
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  • 30
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    Electronic Resource
    Abstracts of Dutch doctoral theses (1988)
    Springer
    Pharmacy world & science 10 (1988), S. 130-136 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-739X
    Keywords: Bile acids ; Biosynthesis ; Metabolism, inborn errors ; Xanthomatosis, cerebrotendinous
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01959297
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  • 31
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    Electronic Resource
    Glycoconjugate biosynthesis in human epidermis (1987)
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 279 (1987), S. 251-256 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Glycoproteins ; Glycosaminoglycans ; Epidermis ; Biosynthesis ; Electrophoresis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Epidermal glycoconjugates synthesized by skin slices in media containing radiolabelled sugars were analysed by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. A large proportion of the epidermal glycoconjugates were soluble in 10% (w/v) trichloroacetic acid. In addition to glycolipids and glycosaminoglycans, the acid-soluble fraction contained glycoproteins, a group of which (mol. wt. 70,000–160,000) were highly glycosylated and particularly rich in fucose. Analysis of the glycosaminoglycans by cellulose acetate electrophoresis combined with specific enzymic and nitrous acid degradation studies revealed that hyaluronic acid (73%) and heparan sulphate (18%) were the main components.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00417324
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  • 32
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    Electronic Resource
    Cardenolide biosynthesis in chrysomelid beetles (1987)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 43 (1987), S. 460-462 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Biosynthesis ; cardenolides ; Coleoptera ; chrysomelid beetles ; [23-14C]-cholesterol
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Labeling experiments have shown that the chrysomelid beetleChrysolina coerulans is able to biosynthesize its own defensive cardenolides from cholesterol, via a pathway involving a C21 intermediate, as in plants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01940455
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  • 33
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immuno-electron microscopy of formation, degradation and exocytosis of the ovulation neurohormone in Lymnaea stagnalis (1987)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 250 (1987), S. 441-448 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Neuropeptide ; Biosynthesis ; Exocytosis ; Crinophagy ; Ultrastructural immunogold technique ; Lymnaea stagnalis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The cerebral caudodorsal cells (CDC) of the pulmonate snail Lymnaea stagnalis are involved in the control of egg laying and associated behaviour by releasing various peptides. One of these is the ovulation hormone (CDCH). The cellular dynamics of this peptide have been studied using an antiserum raised to a synthetic portion of CDCH comprising the 20–36 amino acid sequence. With the secondary antibody-immunogold technique, specific immunoreactivity was found in all CDC. Rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus showed very little reactivity as did secretory granules that were in the process of being budded off from the Golgi apparatus. However, secretory granules that were being discharged from the Golgi apparatus, were strongly reactive. Secretory granules within lysosomal structures revealed various degrees of immunoreactivity, indicating their graded breakdown. Large electrondense granules, formed by the Golgi apparatus and thought to be involved in intracellular degradation of secretory material, were only slightly reactive. In the axon terminals secretory granules released their contents into the haemolymph by the process of exocytosis. The exteriorized contents were in most cases clearly immunopositive. The possibility has been discussed that CDCH is cleaved from its polypeptide precursor within secretory granules during granule discharge from the Golgi apparatus; subsequently, the mature secretory granules would be transported towards the neurohaemal axon terminals where they release CDCH into the haemolymph. Superfluous secretory material would be degraded by the lysosomal system including the large electron-dense granules.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00219090
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  • 34
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    Electronic Resource
    Defensive chemistry of the flour beetleTribolium brevicornis (LeC): (1987)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 13 (1987), S. 1707-1723 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Biosynthesis ; Coleoptera ; Tenebrionidae ; Tribolium brevicornis ; prostaglandin ; allomones ; synthetase inhibitor ; defensive secretion ; 2′-hydroxy-4′-methoxyacetophenone ; 2′-hydroxy-4′-methoxypropiophenone ; methyl 2,5-dihydroxy-6-methylbenzoate ; methyl 2,5-dihydroxy-6-efhylbenzoate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The defensive secretion ofTribolium brevicornis contains 12 organic components, including quinones, hydroquinones, hydrocarbons, aromatic ketones, and aromatic esters. The two ketones, 2′-hydroxy-4′-methoxyacetophenone and 2′-hydroxy-4′-methoxypropiophenone, and the two esters, methyl 2,5-dihydroxy-6-methylbenzoate and methyl 2,5-dihydroxy-6-ethylbenzoate, represent ca. 0.25% of the biomass of the beetles. Mass spectral and NMR analyses were used to elucidate the structures of all components. The ketones are potent prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors (PSI), and the esters are suspected to be PSI.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00980212
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  • 35
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    Electronic Resource
    2-Hydroxy-4-methoxy-trans-cinnamic acid as a precursor of herniarin inArtemisia dracunculus (1986)
    Springer
    Monatshefte für Chemie 117 (1986), S. 1219-1222 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Keywords: Coumarins ; Biosynthesis ; Herniarin ; Artemisia dracunculus ; Compositae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Isolierung von 2-Hydroxy-4-methoxy-trans-zimtsäure (1) ausArtemisia dracunculus L. stützt die Annahme, daß diese Verbindung eine Zwischenstufe bei der Biosynthese von 7-Methoxycumarin (Herniarin,3) darstellt. Die Strukturaufklärung der UV-instabilen Verbindung1 erfolgte mittels1H-NMR und durch Vergleich des stabilen methylierten Derivates2 mit synthetischem (E)-2,4-Dimethoxyzimtsäuremethylester.
    Notes: Abstract The isolation of (E)-2-hydroxy-4-methoxycinnamic acid (1) fromArtemisia dracunculus L. supports strongly the assumption that this compound is an intermediate in the biosynthesis of 7-methoxycoumarin (herniarin,3). The structure of the UV-unstable compound1 was derived from1H-NMR data and by comparison of the stable dimethylated derivative with synthetic (E)-2,4-dimethoxycinnamic acid methyl ester (2).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00811334
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  • 36
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    Electronic Resource
    Eupatorium cannabinum L. (1986)
    Springer
    Pharmacy world & science 8 (1986), S. 245-251 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-739X
    Keywords: Analysis ; Antineoplastic agents ; Biosynthesis ; Botany ; Chemistry ; Cytotoxins ; Eupatorium cannabium ; Sesquiterpenes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A review onEupatorium cannabinum L. is given, including botany, history and constituents. The sesquiterpene lactones are discussed in more detail, covering their biosynthesis, isolation, analysis and biological activity. Special attention is paid to the cytotoxic and antitumour activities of the sesquiterpene lactones.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01960068
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  • 37
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    Electronic Resource
    Biosynthesis of 5-(p-aminophenyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroxypentane by methanogenic bacteria (1985)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 143 (1985), S. 1-5 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Methanogenic bacteria ; Methanopterin ; Biosynthesis ; Stable isotopes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The biosynthesis of the 5-(p-aminophenyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroxypentane moiety of methanopterin was studied in methanogenic bacteria. By comparing the extent of deuteration of the benzyl group of 5-(p-aminophenyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroxypentane with the benzyl group of phenylalanine isolated from cells grown with [2,2,2-2H3]acetate, it was shown that the aromatic portion of the 5-(p-aminophenyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroxypentane was derived from an intermediate in the shikimic acid pathway which is produced prior to the formation of prephenic acid. The ready incorporation of p-aminobenzoic acid into 5-(p-aminophenyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroxypentane indicates that this intermediate is chorismic acid and that p-aminobenzoic acid, a component of folic acid, is an intermediate in the formation of methanopterin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00414758
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  • 38
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    Electronic Resource
    Effects of spinal fusion on the proteoglycans of the canine interverebral disc (1985)
    Hoboken, NJ [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Orthopaedic Research 3 (1985), S. 277-291 
    Details
    ISSN: 0736-0266
    Keywords: Biosynthesis ; Intervertebral disc ; Proteoglycan aggregation ; Proteoglycan subunit structure ; Spinal fusion ; Life and Medical Sciences
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Posterior lumbar two-level spinal fusion was undertaken in 10 mature beagles. The animals were sacrificed 6 and 12 months later. Two months before sacrifice control and experimental animals received intravenously Na235 (1 mCi/Kg). Discs encompassed by the fusion and those adjacent to it were dissected into the nucleus pulposus and annulus fibrosus (AF), which were analysed separately. Proteoglycans (PGs) were extracted with 4.0 M guanidine HCL and purified by CsCL density gradient ultracentrifugation. The hydrodynamic size and ability of the PG subunits to aggregate in the presence of hyaluronic acide were investigated by Sepharose CL-2B chromatography. The PG subunits were analysed for their galactosamine (galN), glucosamine (glcN), hexuronic acid, and protein content or were subjected to digestion with papain or chondroitin -ABC-lyase to establish the size of the chrondroitin (CS) and keratan (KS) sulphate chains and the KS-PG core protein complex. Decreased ability to aggregate of PGs isolated from discs 6 and 12 months was generally the same or smaller than those in control tissues, the PG population present after 12 months was larger, particularly in the AF. Analysis of PG subunits from fusion discs afforded galN/glcN, galN/protein, and hexuronic acid/protein rotios that were compatible with the presence in these tissues of PGs in which the proportion of CS attached to core protein was greater than in control tissues. These. These studies provide the first experimental evidence that a metabolic response of discs in a fused segment may be accompanied by the biosynthesis of a new PG population whose structure is similar to that present in immature tissues.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jor.1100030304
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  • 39
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Biosynthesis of Alkaloids IIPart I of this review appeared in Angew. Chem. Internet. Edit. 2, 341 (1963). (1963)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 2 (1963), S. 441-458 
    Details
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Biosynthesis ; Alkaloids ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.196304411
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  • 40
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    Electronic Resource
    The Biogenesis of Ergot AlkaloidsDedicated to Professor Hans von Euler on the occasion of his 90th birthday (1963)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 2 (1963), S. 243-247 
    Details
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Ergot alkaloids ; Alkaloids ; Biosynthesis ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In this article the biogenesis of the ergoline ring in lysergic acid derivatives and the clavines is discussed. T·yptophan and mevalonic acid are the precursors. The N-methyl group is supplied by formate or methionine. Concepts and results dealing with the manner in which the compounds are formed are discussed. Finally, the known biogenetic relationships among the ergot alkaloids are discussed in connection with their biogenesis.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.196302431
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  • 41
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    Electronic Resource
    The Biosynthesis of Alkaloids IPart II of this review will appear in a subsequent issue of this journal.Dedicated to Professor Dr. Adolf Butenandt on the occasion of his 60th birthday (1963)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 2 (1963), S. 341-357 
    Details
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Biosynthesis ; Alkaloids ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.196303411
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